Lecture范畴词的翻译课件

一、范畴词的概念2023/9/191具有概括意义;表示人或事物分类范畴的词语;常用在具体词的后面,对其进行分类总括,以便与其它词语搭配.汉语里有些“范畴词”，其本身没有什么

具体含义，只是重复地概括已表达的意思，但它们在汉语语法上却是不可缺少的词，

如“环境”、“工作”、“状态”、“时期”、“历史”、“情况”、“因素”等。这类词语表明事物的范畴或属性，大多没

有实质内容。若把他们搬到英语中势必冗

余过多，因此应该把他们省略不译。2023/9/192干热环境dry

heat计划生育工作family

planning落后状态backwardness中国的现代化建设China’s

modernization促进和平统一事业promote

peaceful

reunification2023/9/193二.

范畴词的分类2023/9/1941.名词性范畴词工作,事业,关系,行为,因素,性质,局势,态度1)计划工作中的严重失误a

serious

mistake

in

(the

work

of

)

planning经济领域的改革reforms

in

(the

sphere

of

)

theeconomy我们必须反对铺张浪费行为.We

must

oppose

(

the

practice

)

of

extravagance.2023/9/195这些困难的性质是暂时的.These

hardships

are

temporary

(

innature).我们要重视沿海与内地贫富差距问题。We

must

pay

close

attention

to

(the

problem

of)the

gap

between

coastal

and

inlandareas.2023/9/196中国与其它国家的密切合作关系

(the

relationship

of)close

cooperationbetween

China

and

othercountries加快经济改革步伐to

accelerate

(the

pace

of

)economic

reform2023/9/1978)各级政府必须解决提高工作效率的问题。

A:Governments

at

all

levels

must

solve

theproblem

of

raising

workingefficiency.2023/9/198B:

Governments

at

all

levels

must

increaseworking

efficiency.2.动词性范畴词2023/9/1991）采取……办法我们的部队采取了缓慢前进的办法.Our

troops

used

the

method

of

slow

advance.

（F）Our

troops

advanced

slowly.

（T）2）为做到这一点,将采取逐步过渡的办法.In

order

to

accomplish

this,an

approach

ofgradual

transition

will

be

adopted.

（F）We

shall

accomplish

this

by

a

gradualtransition.

（T）2023/9/1910发挥……功能,起到……作用3)这项措施将对投机倒把活动起到限制作用.This

measure

will

have

a

restrictive

effect

onthe

activities

of

speculators.

（F）This

measure

will

restrict

the

activitiesofspeculators.

（T）2023/9/1911实现(达到)……目标(目的)4）没有达到攻占长沙的目标.The

target

of

capturing

Changsha

failedto

be

achieved.

（F）They

failed

to

capture

Changsha.

(T)2023/9/1912采取……态度5）我们必须采取"知之为知之,不知为不知"的态度.In

all

matters

we

must

assume

the

attitude

ofadmitting

what

we

know

and

do

notknow.（F）We

should

always

be

ready

to

admit

what

weknow

anddonot

know.

（T）2023/9/1913三、汉语范畴词英译方法2023/9/19141.省译使表达抽象化1)如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那就要使他们沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。Not

to

educate

the

children

is

tocondemnthem

to

repetitious

ignorance.2)

朋友们听到玛丽家的困难情况之后，都主动向她伸出援助之手。Mary’s

friends

offered

her

a

helping

handafter

they

heard

about

her

family

difficulty.3）各地领导部门要努力开拓就业门路。Local

authorities

should

work

hard

to

createjobs.2023/9/19152.转译法使表达抽象化2023/9/19161）交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有修改的地方。Before

handing

in

your

translation,

youhave

to

read

it

over

and

over

again

and

seeif

there

isanythingin

it

to

be

corrected

orimproved.2)

我们应了解彼此的生活情况，建立人与人之间友谊的纽带。We

should

share

the

texture

of

our

dailylives

and

forge

the

human

bonds

offriendship.living

conditions:生活条件texture:怎样生活或生活得如何2023/9/1917四、英语抽象名词的汉译2023/9/19181.范畴化英译汉时可以使英语抽象的概念具体化，根据具体的语境加上“方法”、“现象”、“局势

”、“状态”、“情况”、“政策”、“做法”、“习俗”、“精神”、态度”：“问题”等范畴词，使译文含义清晰，行文流畅。It

is

enough

to

shatter

complacency.足以打破自满情绪。We

have

winked

at

these

irregularitiestoo

long.我们对这些越轨行为宽容得太久了。2023/9/1919He

was

described

as

impressed

byDeng’s

flexibility.据说他对邓的灵活态度印象很深。What

they

wanted

most

was

an

end

ofuncertainties.他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。2023/9/1920He

discussed

greatness

and

excellence.他探讨了伟大和杰出的涵义。He

spoke

with

firmness,

but

his

facewas

very

sad

and

his

eyes

at

times

weredim.他讲话时，态度坚定，但面带愁容，时而眼神黯淡。2023/9/19217)

This

is

the

day

for

our

two

peoples

to

rise

tothe

heights

of

greatness

which

can

build

anew

and

a

better

world.现在该是我们两国人民为缔造一个崭新的、更加美好的世界而攀登这一伟大境界高峰的时候了。2023/9/19228）

stillnessconfusionmeasurementpurificationrepetitionmanagementcalculationaccommodationjointsaturationpreparationremediesmodification2023/9/1923静止→静止状态混乱→混乱局面测量→测量方法净化→净化过程重复→重复现象管理→管理方式计算→计算方法住宿→住宿问题连接→连接部分饱和→饱和状态准备→准备工作补救→补救措施修改→修改方案2.译抽象名词时增加另一个抽象名词在抽象名词后面跟上另一个抽象名词来加强语气，强调说明前一个名词，两个名词互相解释。1）Use

your

intelligence,

and

you're

sureto

achieve

something.发挥你的聪明才智,你一定能取得成就。2023/9/19242）2023/9/1925zealousnessthoughtmoralitypridetediousnesscontemptibilitysilenceleisurecalmnesscautiousness热情→热情大方思想→思想意识道德→道德品质骄傲→骄傲自大枯燥→枯燥无味卑鄙→卑鄙无耻沉默→沉默寡言闲情→闲情逸致坦然→坦然自若谨慎→谨慎小心3.

译名词复数时增加表示门类、数量概念的词可数名词是复数形式时，可根据具体情况增加表示门类、数量概念的词。这些概念词常是“们、一些、许多、这些、那些、各种、各类、各项、几个”等。1）We

admire

him

for

the

way

in

which

hefaces

hisdifficulties.我们赞赏他面对各种困难的做法。2023/9/19262）activitiessamplestypesproblemscontradictionsbookssizescontentstargetscircumstancescauses2023/9/1927活动→各种活动样品→各种样品型号→各种型号问题→这些问题矛盾→这些矛盾书籍→各类书籍尺寸→各类尺寸内容→各项内容指标→各项指标情况→种种情况原因→种种原因4.用动词取代抽象名词2023/9/19281）I

marveled

at

the

relentless

determinationof

the

rain.雨无情地下个不停，我感到惊异。

He

had

surfaced

with

lessvisibilityin

the

policydecisions.在决策过程中，他已经不那么抛头露面了。High

blood

pressure

is

a

contradiction

for

this

drug.高血压患者忌服此药。5.

用具体的词语阐释抽象的词义2023/9/1929The

stars

twinkled

in

transparent

clarity.星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。No

country

should

claim

infallibility.任何国家都不应该自称一贯正确。She

wondered

whether

her

outspokeness

might

be

aliability

to

Franklin.她怀疑自己那么心直口快，是否会成为弗兰克林的包袱。4).This

rambling

propensity

strengthened

withyears.