2011年1月份mba联考英语真题及答案

SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERTheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybe bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseems3Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense10bytheGoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”.Still,theadministration’splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“dirve’slicense”Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet .TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.11．A.carryB.lingerC.setD.log12．A.InB.InC.InD.InSection ReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points) RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearshebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor [A]gainingexcessiveprofits[B]failingtofulfillherduty[C]refusingtomakecompromises[D]leavingtheboardintoughWelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedto generousinvestors[B]unbiasedexecutives[D]independentadvisersAccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto becomemorestable[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket[D]performworseinlawsuitsItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors [A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirmTheauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis TextWhateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitalltheIthasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.ButcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperBysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthat neglectedthesignofcrisis[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies[C]werenotcharitablecorporations[D]wereinadesperatesituationSomenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause [A]readersthreatenedtopayless[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproductsComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecause havemoresourcesofhavemorebalancednewsrooms[C]arelessdependentonadvertising[D]arelessaffectedbyreadershipWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe [A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStory WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomebythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“lessismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Mies’ssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-materialsthatwetakeforgrantedtodaybuythatinthe1940ssymbolizedthefuture.Mies’ssophisticatedpresentationmaskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthoseintheirolderneighborsalongthecity’sGoldCoast.Buttheywerepopularbecauseoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.Thetrendtoward“less”wasnotentirelyforeign.Inthe1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestandefficienthouses-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandtheearly20thcentury.The“CaseStudyHouses”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazinebetween1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”trend.Aestheticeffectcamefromthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightdetailing.InhisCaseStudyHouse,Ralpheverydaylife–fewAmericanfamiliesacquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers–buthisbeliefthatself-sufficiencywasbothdesirableandinevitablewaswidelyshared.ThepostwarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’ [A]prosperityandgrowth[C]restraintandconfidence[D]prideandfaithfulnessWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.[C]MostAmericanarchitectsusedtobeassociatedwithit.[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.Miesheldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign [A]wasrelatedtolargespacewasidentifiedwithwasnotreliantonabundantwasnotassociatedwithWhatistrueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.Whatcanwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaseStudyHouse”?[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyused.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.[D]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.TextWilltheEuropeanUnionmakeit?Thequestionwouldhavesoundedstrangenotlongago.Noweventheproject’sgreatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.Aswellasthosechronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitseconomiccore,the16countriesthatusethesinglecurrency.Marketshavelostfaiththattheeurozone’seconomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothedisciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’ssinglecurrencyfromdisintegrationisstuck.Itisstuckbecausetheeurozone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,butdisagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-automaticsanctionsforgovernmentsthatdonotobey.ThesemightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregionsandEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’svotingrightsinEUministerialcouncils.Itinsiststhateconomicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:”Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninnercoreofeuro-zonemembers.Translated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistributionfromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscaltransfers.Finally,figuresclosetotheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscalandsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.ItistoosoontowriteofftheEU.Itremainstheworld’slargesttradingblock.Atitsbest,theEuropeanprojectisremarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopentogoods,capitalandlabourthananycomparabletradingarea.Itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.TheEUisfacedwithsomanyproblems ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinevenitssupportersbegintofeelsomeofitsmembercountriesplantoabandonitintendstodenythepossibilityofThedebateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecausethedominant arecompetingfortheleadingarebusyhandlingtheirownfailtoreachanagreementondisagreeonthestepstowardsTosolvetheeuroproblem,Germanyproposed EUfundsforpoorregionsbestricterregulationsbeonlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeTheFrenchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimplies ［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytoget［B］strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoor［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorich［D］richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolRegardingthefutureoftheEU,theauthorseemsto PartBReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment'sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersimpose"fattaxes"onunhealthyfoodandintroducecigarette-stylewarningstochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.Thedemandsfollowcommentsmadelastweekbythehealthsecretary，AndrewLansley，whoinsistedthegovernmentcouldnotforcepeopletomakehealthychoicesandpromisedtofreebusinessesfrompublichealthregulations.Butseniormedicalfigureswanttoshopfast-foodoutletsopeningnearschools，restrictadvertisingofproductshighinfat，saltorsugar，andlimitsponsorshipofsportseventsbyfast-foodproductssuchasMcDonald's.TheyarguethatgovernmentactionisnecessarytocurbBritain'saddictionunhealthyfoodandhelphaltspiralingratesofobesity，diabetesandheartdisease.ProfessorTerenceStephenson，presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPaediatricsandChildHealth，saidthattheconsumptionofunhealthyfoodshouldbeseentobejustasdamagingassmokingorexcessivedrinking."Thirtyyearsago,itwouldhavebeeninconceivabletohaveimaginedabanonsmokingintheworkplaceorinpubs,andyetthatiswhatwehavenow.Arewewillingtobejustascourageousinrespectofobesity?Iwouldsuggestthatweshouldbe,"saidtheleaderoftheUK'schildren'sdoctors.Lansleyhasalarmedhealthcampaignersbysuggestinghewantsindustryratherthangovernmenttotakethelead.HesaidthatmanufacturesofcrispsandcandiescouldplayacentralroleintheChange4Lifecampaign,thecenterpieceofgovernmenteffortstoboosthealthyeatingandfitness.HehasalsocriticizedthecelebritychefJamieOliver'shigh-profileattempttoimproveschoollunchesinEnglandasanexampleofhow"lecturing"peoplewasnotthebestwaytochangetheirbehavior.A."fattaxes"shouldbeimposedonfast-producerssuchas41.AndrewLansleyheldA."fattaxes"shouldbeimposedonfast-producerssuchas41.AndrewLansleyheldB.Thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutletstheneighborhoodof42.TerenceStephensonagreedC."lecturing"wasaneffectivewaytoschoollunchesin43.JamieOliverseemedtobelieveD.cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbeintroducedchildrenaboutthedangersofapoor44.DineshBhugrasuggestedE.Theproducersofcrispsandcandies 45.ADepartmentofHealthproposedF.parentsshouldsetgoodexamplesforchildrenbykeepingahealthydietatG.thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthesenseresponsibilityamongSectionⅢ InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese,writeyourtranslationANSWERSHEET2.Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhousegasesastheworld’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?Manyeverydaytaskstakeasurprisingtollontheenvironment.AGooglesearchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsofCO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”answer.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.However,Googleandotherbigtechprovidersmonitortheirefficiencycloselyandmakeimprovements.Monitoringisthefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.SectionⅣPartASupposeyourcousinLiMinghasjustbeenadmittedtoauniversity.Writehim/heralettercongratulatehim/her,givehim/hersuggestionsonhowtogetpreparedforuniversitylife.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“ZhangWei”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartBwriteashortessaybaesdonthefollowingchart.inyourwriting,youshould:1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourYoushouldwriteatleast150WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET 6~10 11~15 TEXT Coutsidedirectors有几处，helpfulbutlessbiasedadvisor，但是Bexecutive,拼凑答案，Dweatheredtheirowncrises对forecasters。C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stockislikelytoperformworse是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。25．B。态度题：文章各个段落都说outsidedirector的方面。因此是positive。TEXT2 savenewspaper中出现27．Breadersarepayingmoreforslimmernewspaper.因此说明even表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成本Dcarsandfilmreviewershavegone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。TEXT3Crestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceCelegancedidnotderivefromabundanceDButthearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartBAestheticeffectcameformthelandscape,newmaterialsandforthrightTEXT4BButcheerleaderEUdebt，decline和lowergrowth。Bbystricterruleson….borrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobonds.DEUworld’slargesttradingblock.itisanambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesofglobalization,andmakecapitalismbenign都是说EU正面的信息。PartBE。原文第6段第2行：manufacturerofcrisps….PlayacentralroleintheChange4life….B。原文第10段：imposefast-food-freezone45．G。原文第11段全部。IT行业释放的温室气体与全球航空公司产生的一样多呢？许多日常工作对环境造成了令人震惊的破坏。根据每次你搜索并得到正确答案的尝试次0.2至7DearIamwritingtocongratulateyouonyourbeingsuccessfullyadmittedtoHarvardUniversity,whichenjoysaninternationalreputationforitsacademicexcellenceandgiveyousomeastohowtomakepreparationforthecomingcollegeInorderforyoutoadaptyourselftotheuniversitylife,youareadvisedtogetpreparedphysicallyandintellectually.Firstandforemost,youneedtobuildastrongbodyforthefutureacademicpursuit,soyoucantakesomeexercisesduringthebreaks.Secondly,sincethestudyinuniversityismoredemandingthaninyoursecondaryschool,youarehighlysuggestedtofindsomeintroductorybooksfromthelibrarysoastohaveagoodideaofthespecialtyyouaregoingtotakeinyourcollegelife.Givenyoursoundability,youaresuretohaveasuccessfulcollegelife.Congratulateyouagainandwishyouafruitfulcollege

SincerelyZhangThisbarchartindicatesdifferentmarketsharesofautomobilesofthreetypesofbrandaffiliationsbetween2008and2009.In2008,carswithJapanesebrandstoppedthethreetypesofvehicles,accountingfor35%ofthetotalmarket.WhatfollowsisthecarswithChinesebrands,hitting25%oftheautomarket,withtheshareofAmericanbrandbottomedoutat15%.In2009,somedevelopmentsarenoticeableinthatthecarswiththelargestsharebecamethoseofChinesebrands,whichoccupiedroughly32%ofthemarket,whilecarswithJapaneseandAmericanbrandstook25%and15%ofthewholemarketItisobservedthatbetween2008and2009,carsofChineseandJapanesebrandstookturnstobetheNo.1intermsofmarketsharewhilethosewithAmericanbrandsrankedt