高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练六 含解析

课下天天练(六)阅读语言运用组合练姓名________班级________考号________时间：45分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2022·长春市高三模拟]ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonievanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1，600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大镜)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaquefrombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”．Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes(微生物).Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek'sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromtinyorganismsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur'stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek'soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethis__legacy．Ina1716letter,hedescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI'vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy,butchieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ithoughtitwasmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformed.”1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A．Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B．Acuriousamateurwhomadepioneeringstudiesofmicrobes.C．Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D．Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.2．Theunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inParagraph3refersto________．A．thediscoveryofmicrobesB．Pasteur'stheoryofdiseaseC．Leeuwenhoek'scontributionD．theoriginofthetinyorganism3．WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek'slettersuggest?A．Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B．Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C．Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople'slivingconditions.D．Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.4．Whatisthecorrectorderforthefollowingevents?a．Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b．The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c．Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwater.d．Leeuwenhoek'sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e．Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A．a­d­c­e­b.B．d­a­c­e­b.C．a­c­d­b­e.D．d­a­e­b­c.B[2022·唐山市二模]A293­million­milejourneyoftheNASAPerseverancerover(探测器)toMarsendedsuccessfullyonFebruary18,2021,withapicture­perfectlandinginsidetheJezeroCrater.Thecar­sized,six­wheeledrover,nicknamedPercy,istheUSspaceagency'sbiggestandmostadvancedexplorertodate.Itsprimarymissionistosearchforsignsofancientmicrobial(微生物的)lifeonMars.LandingonMarsisextremelytricky.TheRedPlanet'sgravitational(引力的)pullcausesapproachingspacecrafttogofastertohighspeeds,whileitsthinatmosphere—just1percentthatofEarth's—doeslittletohelpslowitdownasitapproachesthesurface.ThescientistshadtoreducePercy's12，000mphspeedtoasafelandingspeedoflessthanfivemph—injustsixandahalfminutes.Thetargetentryanglealsohadtobeaprecise12degrees—anysteeper,andthespacecraftwouldburnup;anyflatter,anditwouldgetlostinspace.Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe“sevenminutesofterror”．Uponattainingamanageablespeed,PercybrieflyflewovertheMartiansurfacetoseekouttheperfectlandingspot.Itscomplexmap­readingsystemrapidlyscannedtheareaandmatcheditwithmapsinitsdatabasetofindthebestlocation.TheNASAscientistswillspendthenexttwomonthstestingPercy'sscientificinstruments.Onceready,theroverwillbegintocarryoutitsmission.“Perseveranceisthesmartestrobotevermade,butconfirmingthatmicrobiallifeonceexistedcarriesanunusuallylargeburdenofproof，”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision.“Whilewe'lllearnalotwiththegreatinstrumentswehaveaboardtherover,itmayverywellrequirethefarmorewell­equippedlaboratoriesanddelicateinstrumentsbackhereonEarthtotelluswhetheroursamples(样本)carryevidencethatMarsonceharboredlife.”5．WhatistheextraordinarychallengefortherovertolandonMars?A．Thespeedreduction.B．Theatmosphereanalysis.C．Thelocationsearch.D．Thetimemanagement.6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Waystofindthepreciseentryangle.B．Consequencesofwrongentrydegree.C．Factorstosurvive“thesevenminutes”．D．Reasonsforthenecessityofspeedreducing.7．Whatdoes“it”refertoinParagraph4?A．Thespot.B．Thearea.C．Thesystem.D．Thesurface.8．WhatcanbeinferredfromLoriGlaze'swords?A.Instrumentsaboardtheroverarenotquitereliable.B．Perseveranceisabletocollectenoughevidenceneeded.C．ManstillhasalongwaytogotoprovelifewasonMars.D．SamplesofMarswillbereturnedsoontoourlabsontheEarth.Ⅱ.七选五[2022·烟台市诊断性测试]EarthHourisorganizedbytheWorldWideFundforNature.It'sabigeventusuallyattheendofMarcheveryyear.Onthisevening,people“godark”．__1__It'struethatturningofflightsforjustonehoursavesonlyasmallamountofpower.__2__Ononelevel,joininginEarthHourmakespeoplethinkabouttheproblemofclimatechangeandwhatwecandoineverydaylifetoprotectnature.Butonanotherlevel,alargenumberofpeople'sactingtogethersendsapowerfulmessagetogovernmentsandcompanies.__3__Theybeginconsideringgreenissueswhenmakingbigdecisions.Thelogo(标识)ofEarthHouris“60＋”.Thenumber60isforthe60minutesofEarthHour.__4__Infact,peoplewhojoininEarthHoursaythattakingpartmakesthemwanttodomorefortheenvironment.__5__Musiciansgiveconcertsbyplayingacoustic(原声的)instrumentsinsteadofelectricones,andusingcandlesinsteadofelectriclights.Celebritychefshavecreatedspecialrecipesforfamiliestoprepareandeatbycandlelight.Tree­plantingsessions,groupwalksandrunsarealsoamongtheoptions.A．Butthisisonlythebeginning.B．EarthHourrepresentseveryhourofeveryday.C．Afterall,everyonehastoanswerforwhattheyhavedone.D．Besidesturningoffthelights,peoplegetinvolvedinotherevents.E．Itpushesthemtotakeurgentmeasuresbymakingchangestopolicies.F．Thatis,theyswitchoffallunnecessarylightsatthesametimeforonehour.G．TheplusinvitespeopletocontinuetheiractionevenafterEarthHourisfinished.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·河南省名校联盟模拟]Onmy61stbirthday,myhusbandplannedaspecialtreatforme.He__1__howmuchIlovebeinghighintheair.Hedrovemetoa__2__fieldinJamulwhereIsoonlearnedI'dbeskydiving.AsseveralotherpeopleandIclimbedintothejumpsuits,theinstructortoldusnotto__3__ifourmainparachute(降落伞)failstoopensincewehavea__4__parachutecontrolledbyacomputer.BeforeIknewit,Iwas__5__asmallplanewiththeothers.Astheplanenearedthedropspot,myinstructor__6__himselftome,andweinchedourwaytowardtheopendoor.Withno__7__torethinkwhatIwasdoing,wewereoutoftheplaneandfallingthroughtheair.Iwasflyingfreelylikeabirdthroughthesky.Theonly__8__wasthatIhadamanlyingonmyback.Ilookedaroundand__9__theviewspreadoutbelowme.How__10__！Aswegotclosertotheground,myinstructorsaid,“Okay,we'rereadytoland.Bringyour__11__up.”Wehittheground,anditdidn'ttakelongto__12__whymykneesneededtobeliftedhigh.Myfeettouchedthelandbeforetheinstructor'sdid,andI__13__face­firstontothedirtwithhimspread­eagleontopofme.Theinstructor__14__unhooked(解开)himselffromme,stoodup,andofferedhishandtohelpmeup.Ilaythereforawhile,very__15__.IknewIneededtostandup.__16__，mykneesandarmswerehurting.Slowly,Irose,__17__thedirtoffmyface,andlimped(一瘸一拐地走)towardtherestroom.Onceinsidetheladies'room,theagingwomaninthe__18__wholookedbackatmehadasmileof__19__onherface.Afterall,I'djustjumpedoutofanairplaneandflownthroughtheair—mygreatesthigh­flying__20__ofmylife！,1．A.admittedB．knewC．wonderedD．guaranteed2．A.deepB．richC．dryD．wide3．A.panicB．escapeC．hesitateD．quit4．A.usefulB．modernC．spareD．flexible5．A.sharingB．boardingC．visitingD．piloting6．A.attachedB．offeredC．droveD．introduced7．A.courageB．intentionC．needD．time8．A.challengeB．differenceC．treatmentD．dilemma9．A.admiredB．judgedC．soughtD．remembered10．A.realisticB．significantC．beautifulD．primitive11．A.armsB．kneesC．handsD．feet12．A.giveoutB．pointoutC．bringoutD．findout13．A.fellB．bentC．walkedD．jumped14．A.unexpectedlyB．unwillinglyC．abruptlyD．quickly15．A.excitedB．confusedC．embarrassedD．disappointed16．A.HoweverB．BesidesC．InsteadD．Therefore17．A.movedB．pulledC．brushedD．washed18．A.posterB．mirrorC．pictureD．cupboard19．A.regretB．comfortC．welcomeD．delight20．A.dreamB．lessonC．experienceD．trialⅣ.语法填空[2022·海口市调研考试]AfewweeksagoIwasoutwithmyfamilyattheopeningofanewplaygroundinourcommunity.Theadvertisementswereputup,1.________(state)therewouldbecoffeeavailableandactivitiesforchildren,andIwasconvincedthatitwasagoodideaforustoattend.Soafterwesettledin,andfoundaplaceforthekids2.________(play)in,Iheadedovertothecoffeestation.I3.________(break)myreusablecoffeecupseveraldaysbefore,4.________Iknockedoffatableontoahardfloor,soIdidn'thaveanythingwithme.Feeling5.________(guilt)thatImightneedtouseathrowawaycup,Iwasdelightedtoseetheywereusinggoodoldceramic(陶瓷器)coffeecupsthatare6.________(rare)seentoday.Itlookedliketheysearchedthecupboardsandgrabbedeverycuptheycouldfind.Afterwefinished,thecupswentintoabigcontainerwheretheywould7.________(wash)later.Whatafantasticwayofsolvingtheproblemofreusablecups!Yes,thereisthewashingtodoafter,but,8.________anyplasticorpaperwastebeingcreated,itisworthwhile.9.________isgreattoseealocalcouncilleadingthewayinasignificant10.________(reduce)ofwaste.课下天天练（六）阅读语言运用组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——人物故事——AntonievanLeeuwenhoek与微生物学【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了微生物研究的先驱者AntonievanLeeuwenhoek为微生物所做的贡献及他对自己所做的贡献的看法。1．答案与解析：B考查推断的能力。根据第一段的第一句可知，Leeuwenhoek没有接受过正式的科学教育；再根据第一、二段的内容可知，Leeuwenhoek制造研究工具去探索微生物世界，他的观察结果是对微生物最早的描述之一；综上所述，Leeuwenhoek是一个充满好奇心的业余爱好者，他做出了开创性的微生物研究。故选B项。2．答案与解析：C考查理解词汇的能力。根据画线词语前面提到的“所有的这些突破都是Leeuwenhoek原先工作成果的结果”可推知，画线词语所在句表示“Leeuwenhoek没有预见到他所做的贡献”，故选C项。3．答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据最后一段的最后一句可知，Leeuwenhoek认为把他的发现记录下来是他的义务，这样科学界才可能对这些发现有所了解，由此可推知，他认为分享知识是科学进步的关键，故选D项。4．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。浏览全文，根据第一和第二段可知，Leeuwenhoek从放大镜上获得灵感制造了显微镜，再发现了微生物。根据第三段第一句可知，在Leeuwenhoek发现微生物两百年后，即大约19世纪后半叶，一种疾病理论被提出。由最后一段可知，他阐述对自己所做的贡献的看法的信是在1716年写的。故选A项。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——“毅力号”探测器成功登陆火星【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了“毅力号”探测器的主要任务，以及其登陆火星过程中的情况。5．答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段可知，火星引力会使得接近火星的航天器更快速行进，并且火星稀薄的大气层对减缓航天器的速度几乎没有帮助，故减速是“毅力号”探测器登陆火星的特别挑战。6．答案与解析：C考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第三段内容可知，该段尾句“Itisnowonderthatthefinalapproachisoftenreferredtoasthe‘sevenminutesofterror’”为本段总结句，再结合该段上文可知，该段主要介绍了“七分钟内生存下来的因素”：降低速度，精确的切入角度，故C项正确。7．答案与解析：B考查理解词汇的能力。分析第四段尾句句子结构可知，it的指代对象为map­readingsystem或thearea。再结合句意“其复杂的地图读取系统快速扫描该地区，并将其与数据库中的地图进行匹配，以找到最佳位置”可知，it指代该句中的“thearea”，故B项正确。8．答案与解析：C考查推理的能力。根据尾段可知，确认火星曾经存在过微生物需要大量的证据而携带这些证据的样本又需要装备齐全的实验室以及将精密仪器送回地球才能进行分析。据此可推知，人类要证明火星上曾有生命还有很长的路要走，故C项正确。Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然——保护地球——“地球一小时”活动【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了由世界自然基金会组织的“地球一小时”活动的具体做法及意义。1．答案与解析：F空格前讲地球一小时是每年三月底的一件大事。当天晚上，人们要“经历黑暗”。F项“也就是说，他们将在同一时间关掉所有不必要的灯一小时”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。2．答案与解析：A空格前讲的确，仅关灯一小时只会节省少量的电能；空格后讲一方面，加入地球一小时（活动）让人们思考气候变化的问题，以及我们在日常生活中可以做些什么来保护自然。A项“但这只是开始”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。3．答案与解析：E空格前讲但另一方面，大量民众的共同行动向政府和企业发出了一个很强的信号；空格后讲当他们在做重大决策时开始考虑环保问题。E项“它（这个信号）促使他们通过改变政策来采取紧急措施”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。4．答案与解析：G空格前讲地球一小时的标识是“60＋”。数字60表示60分钟；空格后讲事实上，参加此活动的人想为环保做更多的事情。G项“这个加号邀请人们在地球一小时（活动）结束后继续他们的（环保）行动”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。5．答案与解析：D空格后讲音乐家利用原声乐器而不是电子乐器、使用蜡烛而不是电灯开音乐会。名厨为家庭创作了在烛光下享用的特别食谱。植树、集体散步和跑步也是其中的选择。D项“除了关灯以外，人们参与了其他的（环保）活动”引出下文，符合语境。故选D。【长难句分析】Ononelevel,joininginEarthHourmakespeoplethinkabouttheproblemofclimatechangeandwhatwecandoineverydaylifetoprotectnature.（第二段第三句）分析：本句是一个复合句。动名词短语joininginEarthHour作主语；thinkabout作makes的宾语补足语；what引导宾语从句；动词不定式短语toprotectnature作目的状语。译文：一方面，加入地球一小时（活动）让人们思考气候变化的问题，以及我们在日常生活中可以做些什么来保护自然。词汇积累：celebrityn.名人recipen.食谱optionn.选择Ⅲ.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与自我——旅游——一次高空飞行经历【语篇解读】主要讲的是作者的一次高空飞行经历。1．答案与解析：B由上文的“myhusbandplannedaspecialtreatforme”可知，我丈夫知道我有多喜欢在高空，故选B。2．答案与解析：D句意：他开车带我去了贾穆尔的一片广阔的田野，我很快就知道我要去跳伞。由“whereIsoonlearnedI'dbeskydiving”可知，我要去跳伞，肯定是广阔的田野，故选D。3．答案与解析：A句意：当我和其他几个人爬进跳伞服时，教练告诉我们，如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，因为我们有一个备用的降落伞由电脑控制。由“sincewehavea4parachutecontrolledbyacomputer.”可知，教练是叫我们如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，因为有一个备用的降落伞由电脑控制，故选A。4．答案与解析：C句意：当我和其他几个人爬进跳伞服时，教练告诉我们，如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，因为我们有一个备用的降落伞由电脑控制。教练叫我们如果主降落伞打不开不要惊慌，由此推知有备用的降落伞，因此空格处为“备用的”，故选C。5．答案与解析：B句意：我还没反应过来，就和其他人一起登上了一架小飞机。由“asmallplanewiththeothers”可知，我是和其他人一起登上了一架小飞机，因此空格处为“上飞机”，故选B。6．答案与解析：A句意：当飞机接近降落点时，我的指导员把自己绑在我身上，我们慢慢地向敞开的舱门走去。由常识和“weinchedourwaytowardtheopendoor”可知，我们一起向敞开的舱门走去，由此推知指导员把自己绑在我身上，空格处为“使依附”。且下文的“Theinstructor14unhooked（解开）himselffromme”也是提示。7．答案与解析：D句意：没有时间重新思考我在做什么，我们离开了飞机，从空中坠落。由“rethinkwhatIwasdoing”可知，没有时间重新思考我在做什么，故选D。8．答案与解析：B句意：唯一的区别是有个男人躺在我的背上。由上文的“Iwasflyingfreelylikeabirdthroughthesky”和“Ihadamanlyingonmyback”可知，我感觉自己像只鸟在飞，但是和鸟的区别在于有个男人躺在我的背上，因此空格处为“区别”，故选B。9．答案与解析：A句意：我环顾四周，欣赏着下面展开的景色。由后面的“theview”可知，此处表示在空中“欣赏”风景，故选A。10．答案与解析：C由“9theviewspreadoutbelowme”可知，从上往下所看到的景色应该是很美的，故选C。11．答案与解析：B由下一段的“whymykneesneededtobeliftedhigh”可知，快着陆的时候应该是要抬起膝盖，故选B。12．答案与解析：D句意：我们撞到了地面，没过多久我就明白了为什么我的膝盖需要被抬得很高。由后文的“Myfeettouchedthelandbeforetheinstructor'sdid,andI13face­firstontothedirtwithhimspread­eagleontopofme”可知，此处表示“我明白了为什么我的膝盖需要被抬得很高”，因此空格处为“明白”，故选D。13．答案与解析：A句意：我的脚比教练先着地，我脸朝下倒在地上，他在我身上手脚伸展