被动语态练习题

一）语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。因此英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化体现出来的。语态有两种：积极语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为积极语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：Theybuiltthebridge.Thebridgewasbuiltbythem.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现出来的。现以teach为例阐明被动语态在多种时态中的构成。一般目前时：am／is／are＋taught一般过去时：was／were＋taught一般未来时：will／shallbe＋taught目前进行时：am／is／arebeing＋taught过去进行时：have／hasbeen＋taught目前完毕时：have／hasbeen＋taught歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟背面。情态动词的被动语态是常考的一种知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词(三)被动语态的使用方法1)不懂得或没有必要阐明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.某些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不懂得电脑是谁偷的)Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：thewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不懂得，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到（四）积极语态变被动语态的措施与注意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语背面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过度”来使用。(1)一般的措施是：将积极构造中的宾语变为被动构造中的主语，将积极构造中的谓语动词变为“be/get+过去分词”形式，将积极构造中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要阐明则可以省略该by短语)。如：LiLeiplantedthetreelastyear.→ThetreewasplantedbyLiLeilastyear.这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。WorkersmadethemachinesinChangsha.→ThemachinesweremadeinChangsha.这些机器是长沙造的。(2)将具有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动构造的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：Hepaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenyesterday.昨天门被漆成绿色了。注意：表达“使、让”的动词make,have等，以及感官动词see,watch,observe,feel,hear,listento,lookat等，在积极语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：Isawhimgointotheteachers’office.→Hewasseentogointotheteachers’office.看见他进入了教师办公室。(3)带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动构造的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种使用方法。如：Hegavemethepenlastyear.→Iwasgiventhepenlastyear./Thepenwasgiventomelastyear.这支笔是去年给我的。【阐明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,post,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book,buy,call,cook,do,get,make,save等。(4)动词believe,consider,declare,expect,know,report,say,suppose,think等的被动语态，常有两种构造形式。如：Hewassaidtogethurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。Itwassaidthathegothurtinthecaraccident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。(5)短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词背面的介词或副词不能省略。如：Shehasneverbeenoperatedonbefore.她从未动过手术。Thebabywaslookedafterbyhersister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。Hisplanwaslaughedatbyeveryone.他的计划大家都讥笑。（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把todo变成tobedone（五）不用被动语态的状况1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear,die,disappear,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,breakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。(错)Thepricehasbeenrisen.(对)Thepricehasrisen.(错)Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.(对)Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.(错)Thepricehasraised.(对)Thepricehasbeenraised.(错)Pleaseseat.(对)Pleasebeseated.要想对的地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。尤其是一词多义的动词往往有两种使用方法。处理这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留心积累。2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.3)系动词无被动语态：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，互相代词，不能用于被动语态：die,death,dream,live,lifeShedreamedabaddreamlastnight.5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。(对)Shelikestoswim.(错)Toswimislikedbyher.被动语态练习题积极句转被动句1hismothertoldhimnottowastetimeonfishing.2FathergavemeatoyatChristmas.3Thisfactoryproducesmachinetools.4Theyshoulddoitatonce.5Heislikelytoletyoudown.6Theynamedthechildtom.答案1Hewastoldnottowastetimeonfishing(byhismother).2IwasgivenatoyatChristmas(bymyfather).3Machinetoolsareproducedinthisfactory.4Itshouldbedoneatonce(bythem).5Youarelikelytobeletdown.6Thechildwasnamedtom.以上几种例子都是从语法书摘抄的。代表了几种不一样形式的被动变法。1\2是不一样的动宾短语中宾语变被动；3是一般句子变被动；4是情态动词变被动；5是不定式变被动；6是主—动—宾—补构造的积极句变被动。把下列句子变成被动语态1.Wefoundsomejewelsinabox.2.Theteacheriskeepingthepupilsatschoolforarevision.3.Jameshasleftaparcelforyou.4.YoumustfinishthearticlebeforeFriday.5.Theywillnotpaintthehouseagainnextyear.6.TheypromisedMaryanewdollforherbirthday.7.Ihavetoldthechildrenmanytimesnottoskateonthepond.8.Wheredidhetranslatethestory?9.WehadtorepairourTVset.10.Dotheytakegoodcareofthesick?11.Theycompanyhaspaidtheworkersveryhandsomewages.12.Theyshowedmetheroomwheretheylived.把下列句子变成积极语态1.SpanishisspokeninSouthAmerica.2.Theplanswillhavetoberevised.3.Allthewordsmustbelookedupinadictionary.4.HasJohnbeencuredofhisheartillness?5.Thedoorshouldnothavebeenleftopenallnight.6.Weareafraidthatwemaybeattackedatnight.7.Wearebeingtaughthowtooperatethenewmachine.用动词的对的时态填空Ourdesksandchairs________________(make)ofwood.Thepaperofbooksandnewspapers______also___________(make)fromwood.Evensomekindsofcloth__________________(make)fromit.Manypeople____________(burn)woodtokeepthemselveswarminwinter.Indeed,wood_______(be)importantinoureverydaylife.Where________wood__________(come)from?It________________(take)fromtreeswhich_____________(grow)inthemountains._________you____________(know)howit____________(get)tousfromthemountains?Firstofall,trees___________(cut)downwhenthey______________(grow)bigenough.Thentheirbranches_______________(cut)off,andlogs_______________(make).Theseheavylogs________________(put)togetherindifferentwaysand_________________(take)downtothefootofthemountains.Someofthem_________________(float使漂流)downthesmallriversandothers_________________(carry)downontrains.Bigtrees________________(cut)downinthemountainseveryyear.Thenyoungones______________________(must,plant)sothatwe______always________________(can,have)enoughwood.Wehavetotakegoodcareofmountainssothatthey__________always_________________(may,cover)withgrowingtrees.翻译1.Theshirtwasheswell.2.Theshirtisbeingwashednow.3.Thedoorwon’tlock.4.Theshopisclosednow.5.Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.6.Itisreportedthatthebigfirehasbeenputout.7.台湾属于中国.8.韩寒的书很畅销.9.这录音机不转.10.火灾是怎样发生的?11.这个问题值得讨论.12.这种布摸起来很柔软.选择对的答案1.WhenIgottohisoffice,I__________thathe_________out.A.told,hadbeenB.wastold,wasC.hadtold,wasD.wastold,hadbeen2.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______fortoolong.A.cookedB.werecookedC.hadcookedD.hadbeencooked3.Theanti-Japanesewar______in1937andit______eightyears.A.wasbroken,lastedB.brokeout,lastedC.breakout,lastedD.brokeout,waslasted4.Shewasheard__A______anEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang5.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen7.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use8.Johnhasneverdreamtof_________.A.takentoAthensB.takingtoAthensC.betakingtoAthensD.beingtakentoAthens9.Nobodylikes__________.A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed10.Thebridge___________willbecompletednextyear.A.builtB.beingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.building11.Itissaidthattigers________inAsiayearafteryear.A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____toyourmother?A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout14.Yournewcomputerwillsoonbecomeoutdated,becausetechnology_______sofast.A.isdevelopedB.isbeingdevelopedC.hasbeendevelopedD.willdeveloped15.Iwon’tgotothepartyunless_________.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.beinvitedD.inviting16.Theproblem________lastweekisveryimportant.A.wasdiscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.bediscussed17.Weshouldkeeptheanimalsfrom________.A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangered18.Therearenorivers_______outoftheDeadSea.A.flowedB.flowingC.beingflowedD.beflown19.Thisplacehasbeendestroyed.Sothereisnobamboo______forpandastofeedon.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.beleft20.Allthepreparationsforthetask________,andwearereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted高一英语被动语态基本功过关一、选择题（每题1分共40分）1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened3.Cotton____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives6.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone7.Thedoctor_____foryet.A.isn'tsentB.hasn'tbeensentC.won'tbesentD.wasn'tsent8.--When___thiskindofcomputer______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used9.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written10.Mary____showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asksto11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump13.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter14.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened15.Insomepartoftheworld,tea_______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served16.Itwasreportedthatthemurderer_______arrested.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.hasD.had17.Doyouthinkthatthebridge______inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompletedD.isbeingcompleted18.Greatchanges_______inChinasincethePeople’sRepublicofChina_______in1949.A.havetakenplace;wasfoundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedD.tookplace;founded19.—WhydoesLingLinglooksounhappy?—Shehas_______byherclassmates.A.laughedB.laughedatC.beenlaughedD.beenlaughedat20.Doctors_______ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.given.C.togiveD.begiven23.I___tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding26.Thisbike________lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdecidingC.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided29.Thepen_______me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongtoC.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hear.Chadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.（全国03）A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.(上海春季,27)A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?—Since1990.(NMET北京春季,27)A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?—_______.(NMET北京春季,34)A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He_______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling(NMET北京春季,27)37.Rainforestsandburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(上海春季,30)A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut38.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.C.willhavechangedD.willchange(NMET,24)39.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.(NMET北京春季,12)A.loseBwillbelostC.arelostD.willlose40.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt(NMET北京春季,17)1234567891011121314151617181920BDACCBBBBBBDBABBBADC2122232425262728293031323334353637383940BABCBCDACBADDBACCABD练习题1)Itissaidthatanewrobot____byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned2)Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm____bythetimewegettothecinema.A)willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstarted3)Shewillstopshowingoffifnonotice____ofher.A)istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastaken4)Diamond____inBrazilin1971.A)isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound5)“Haveyoumovedsintosthenewflat?”“Notyet.Theroom____.”A)hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpainted6)Mypictures____untilnextFriday.A)won'tdevelopB)aren'tdevelopedC)don'tdevelopD)won'tbedeveloped7)Tim____sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.A)hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployed8)Agreatnumberofcollegesanduniversities____since1949.A)hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablishedD)hadbeenestablished9)I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe____ifweleaveithere.A)wouldbefinedB)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined10)“____twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?”A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)Theyhavegiventome11)Thesubjectoftheselectures____bythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannounced12)Ifoundanaspirinbottle____droppedonthefloorofDavid'sroom.A)wasB)hadC)hadbeenD)is13)Thegoods____whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingB)werejustbeenunloadingC)hadjustunloadedD)werejustbeingunloaded14)Ifone____bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomesB)isovercomeC)hasbeenovercomeD)overcome15)Mostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem____takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenotC)werenotbeingD)hadnotbeen16)Yououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,now____sour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmelling17)Aftertherace____,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwonB)iswonC)willbewonD)hasbeenwon18)Hewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon'tknowswhereshe____now.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeen18)Theyoungteacherhas____competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeing19)Pluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem,____photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscovered20)Togetabetterviewofthestage,____.A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyus22)Aftersynthetic____,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreated23)Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpaytoD)shouldbepaidto24)Since1970,millionsofenthusiasts____VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentaking25)Idon'tremember____thechancetotrythismethod.A)shavingsbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)shavingsgivenD)tohavegiven26)Wecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit____.A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknown27)Theconstructionofthelaboratory____bytheendofnextmonth.A)mustbecompletedB)musthavebeencompletedC)willbecompletingD)willhavebeencompleting28)TheywouldtellhowtheAfrican____onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughtB)couldhavebeenbroughtC)hadbeenbroughtD)wastobebrought29)Hedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses____toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelonging30)Negotiation____againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opens31)Thereasonforallthechangesbeingmade____tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplained32)Experimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects____inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)wereconductingB)wereconductedC)hadbeenconductedD)hadconducted33)Whenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimself____byamaninblack.A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeentailed34)Acandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination____atthismoment.A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewedC)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewing35)Asweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen____thenewhouse.A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuild36)Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____.A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekeptC)mustkeepD)mustbekeptup37)Thecomposition____anymore.A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn'tneedtobecorrectedC)doesn'tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrect38)Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper____inbroaddaylightyesterdayA)toberobbedB)tohavekeenrobbedC)robbedD)shavingsbe