燃油热风炉使用说明书

目录一、概述……………………二、工作原理…………………三、规格与技术参数…………四、安装调试与操作使用规程…………………五、维护保养与常见故障的排除………………六、安全事项…………………CONTENTSⅠ.Introduction……………Ⅱ.WorkingPrinciples………Ⅲ.Specificationsandtechniqueinstruction…Ⅳ.Installationadaptationandoperationinstruction…………Ⅴ.Careandmaintenanceandremoveofcommonfault………Ⅵ.Safeitems…………………一、概述YR系列燃油热风炉是我企业在数年实践的基础上自行研制开发的一种高效节能燃油供热设备，供热能力为1×4.18×106kJ/h~30×4.18×106kJ/h。热风炉重要由燃料供应装置、供风装置、燃烧装置、燃烧室、混合室及热工控制系统构成。本产品构造简朴、体积小巧、操作安全、维护简便、使用寿命长、供热范围广，温度可随意调配，广泛应用于水泥、化工、冶金等行业中的烘干、焙烧设备提供热源。二、工作原理燃油热风炉工作原理：燃料由供应装置安全输送到燃烧器，与供风装置送入的空气经燃烧器组织在燃烧室里充足燃烧，产生的高温气体在混合室内与冷空气混合得到符合工艺规定的热烟气。三、规格与技术参数㈠产品型号YR-nD（Z、G）n=1~30，n=1表达1×4.18×106kJ/h供热能力G表达高温型，供热温度为600~1200℃Z表达中温型，供热温度为300~600℃D表达低温型，供热温度为100~300℃燃油热风炉四、安装调试与操作使用规程㈠安装炉体安装：炉子要安装在牢固的基础上,各连接法兰之间应加石棉绳密封,详见燃油热风炉安装图。燃烧机安装：1、燃烧机的喷火口应插入炉膛火口之内,其深度视炉墙厚度而定,不适宜不小于150毫米。炉墙火口内径比燃烧机前端外筒不小于15毫米，火口呈45°～50°锥角，这样可防止烧重油时，在火口锥面上结焦。2、插入深度及倾斜角度等定妥后，把燃烧机外面的活动法兰焊在外筒上。如炉膛有正压，则在法兰与炉墙板之间加垫石棉板，以免炉内火焰外冒。这样可防止烧毁机壳，且节省能源，炉内正压如不小于10毫米水柱以上，顾客应在炉尾加引风机抽炉尾气排出、或加高抽风烟囱。3、燃烧机用3～6个压板螺钉将焊连在燃烧机前端外筒上的法兰或用压板固定在炉墙板面上,或用支撑架固定即可。4、打开风机电机上的电线盖板，接通输入电源，检查电机方向与否对的。5、安装输油泵时，应检查电机方向与否与铭牌方向一致。油管路上应有过滤装置，还应有回油系统，靠燃烧机前应有油管接头及压力表，表之外应安装有可调整针型阀，再用软管连接。6、烧重油顾客，输入油路应有蒸汽保温与蒸汽扫管线的装置。点火前应有蒸汽扫线与预热油路、喷油嘴等。重油到炉前的油温不低于120℃～130㈡操作使用⒈初次点火前的检查工作：检查燃烧机及其配套件安装状况，检查油路、电路、风路与否安全畅通。接通电源，手动检查风机及油泵运转方向与否对的。若是反转了、则应断开电源开关，将反转的油泵、风机接线任意换1相即可变化转动方向。检查油路、风路电磁阀和调整阀与否动作，再将输油软管从喷油嘴上扭下，打开油阀，放油一刻钟到桶中，目的是清除输油管路中的杂质。观测后如无异常状况，可进入手动点火调试工作，手动点火调试工作正常后，方可进行自动或中控操作。每次点火前的准备工作：①清除炉膛中的积渣、杂物，打开风机吹扫炉膛3~5分钟。②若燃用重油，应先打开加热重油的蒸气阀门约三分钟，待管中积水放完，开始冒汽时关阀，再打开扫线汽阀及喷油嘴上手轮阀，使蒸气沿未被保温的油路及喷油嘴喷入燃烧机及炉膛中，将油路及油嘴等预热，约10分钟待油嘴体表面烫手后，可关蒸气。2.调试打开烟道龙门阀，关闭风机风门，启动风机，此时炉膛应有负压，打开风门吹扫炉膛后再关闭风门。调整回油管道上的调整阀，启动油泵，使其油压上升到1.0MPa，点火后发现燃烧冒烟，也许是油压调得过高，手动将回油阀门调大，观测火焰状况，直到不冒烟为止。炉温或料温不够，也许是供油压过低，将回油调整阀慢慢关小，油压升高，火量增大，同步手动调整风门，直到燃烧稳定到达所需要温度为止。如仍达不到温度规定，则检查其他原因或检查与否属选型过小，应换大一型号燃烧机。3.正常安全操作规程①检查机、电设备与否正常，油、气管路与否畅通，清除喷嘴口的积油或焦块。②点火前要打开管道调整阀，启动鼓风机时，风阀要关严密，待正常运行后，打开风阀吹扫炉膛3-5分钟，然后关掉调风阀③点火时，要使炉内处在负压状态，压力保持在-100~-150Pa；如负压大影响点火时，可调整管路阀门，同步保证炉膛处在微负压状态。④一般状况下，炉内温度控制在＜800℃，根据需要通过管路调整阀及炉膛挡火板微调烟气温度使之符合工艺规定(一般在100~300⑤根据尾气温度需要，调整油压，根据燃烧火焰状况调整风阀。在同一油压下,通过调整风阀,保证燃油充足燃烧,火焰不适宜过长。如要加温，先加大油压，同步要加大风门。减压就对应减风。⑥如系冷炉，则不能升温过快，开小火逐渐升温10分钟左右再开大火。⑦停炉时，先关烧嘴进油电磁闸阀，再关油泵。3分钟后停止供风风机，关闭管道调整阀。⑧自动操作时，系统启动后按照程序自动运行，根据尾气温度变化对调整阀进行自动调整使系统到达供热平衡。3.注意事项：①如点火未着，则迅速关闭油阀，开大风量吹扫炉膛，3分钟后再按程序点火，以防炉膛内油雾积累过多汽化再次点火时引起爆炸。②点火时，操作人员必须站在点火孔侧边，注意回火引起事故。③如出现火焰易脱火，燃烧不稳的状况，应调小风阀，将火焰烧到燃烧器里面，再合适调大即可。④如出现燃烧火焰过短，或火焰明显变形，就也许是油枪出现堵塞而异致雾化不良燃烧不好，处理措施是将油枪前端油咀部分折开清洗雾化片和旋流套，然后按次序装配即可（注意要拧紧）。⑤油泵的使用压力在0.5～1.5MPa之间，可根据炉温所需而调整,但不容许将炉膛烧红导致炉体变形。五、维护保养与常见故障的排除㈠维护保养①过滤网应及时拆洗，清除杂质、修补滤网损处。②火焰筒应定期打扫，保持筒壁面的洁净与气道的畅通。尤其当油质差、油温低，空气不洁净时更应勤于打扫。③油枪应定期拆洗，保持流道的畅通。拆卸油枪应按程序与规定进行，不能损坏。④常常检查油温、油压、风压仪表的精确性。⑤常常检查多种阀门的密封性。⑥火口砖锥面上不能有杂物堆积，应及时打扫，否则会引起回火，烧坏燃烧器。⑦常常检查风路、油路的密封性。⑧工作时应保持蒸汽能在重油油路的保温套管中流动。⑨喷油嘴中雾化片零件如发既有磨损，应及时更换，否则影响雾化效果。⑩火焰筒如有损坏应及时修复，否则因损坏而变化空气流通面积，影响燃烧效果。㈡常见故障的排除(见表)六、安全事项1、点火时，工作人员不得站在炉前，以免爆燃喷火伤人。2、火焰熄灭或一次点火不成功，应立即停止点火，关闭供油阀和空气阀，排除炉内未燃烬的油气后再重新点火；燃用重油时，还需接通蒸汽打扫供油管路，排除未燃烬的油气后再重新点火。Ⅰ.IntroductionYRfuelhot-blaststoveseriesareatypeofhighlyenergy-savingfuelheat-providingequipment.Theyareproducedonthebasisofyearsofpracticeofthiscorporation.Ithasthecapacityofprovidingheatpowerof1*4.18*106kJ/hto30*4.18*106kJ/h.Hot-blaststoveismainlycomposedoffuelprovidinginstallation,airinginstallation,combustioninstallation,combustionchamber,mixingchamberandhotworkcontrolsystem.YRseriesaresimple,small,safe,durable,andeasytomaintain.Theyhavebroadscopeofheatadditionandcanbetunedatanytemperature.Therefore,theyarewidelyusedasthermalsourcesindryingandroastingequipmentincement,chemicalindustryandmetallurgyandsoon.Ⅱ.WorkingprinciplesFuelhot-blaststoveworkingprinciples:fuelisconveyedfuelburnerthroughproviderandcombustwiththeairsentbyair-providinginstallationincombustionchamberafterthefuelandtheairarehandledinburnerorganization.Thehigh-temperaturegasproducedbythecombustionmixeswithcoldairinthemixingchamberandbecomeshotfluegas.Ⅲ.SpecificationsandtechniqueparametersProducttypesN=1~30,n=1meansthecapacityofprovidingheatof1*4.18*106kJ/hGmeanshigh-temperaturetype,temperaturerange:600~1200Zmeansmiddle-temperaturetype,temperaturerange:300~600Dmeanslow-temperaturetype,temperaturerange:100~300YRfuelhot-blaststoveⅣ.InstallationadaptationandoperationinstructionInstallationStovebodyinstallation:Stovemustbefixedonsolidbase;jointflangesmustbesealedwithasbestosinbetween.Detailsarereferredtoonfuelhot-blaststoveinstallationpicture.Combustionmachineinstallation:a.Sprayblowholeofthecombustionmachineisputintheblowholeofstovechamber,thedepthdecidedbythethicknessoftheboilersetting,favorablynotdeeperthan150mm.Theinternaldiameteroftheblowholeofboilersettingis15mmlongerthanthatoffrontcanofcombustionmachine.Theblowholeofboilersettingisdesignedataconeangleof45°~50°.sothatnoknotcokeisproducedontheawlsurfacewhenheavyoiliscombusted.Afterthedepthandtheconeangleisdecided,weldflexibleflangeoutsidethecombustionmachineontheoutsidecan.Ifthepressureinthestovechamberispositive,putasbestosboardbetweenflangeandboilersettingboardinordertopreventoftheflameinside.Inthisway,themachinecoatingwillnotbeburnedoutandenergycanbesaved.Ifthepositivepressureisstrongerthan10mmwatercolumn,usersshouldusedrawfantoexhauststoveventgasoraddchimneyofexhaustinggas.Fixtheflangethatisweldedonthefrontoutsidecanofthecombustionmachineontheboardsurfaceoftheboilersettingwith3~6pressingplatescrewsorfixitwithtie-inorwithcarriageOpenthewirecoverboardoftheblowerfanengine,plugitinandcheckthedirectionoftheengine.Wheninstallingtheoilpump,examinewhethertheengine’sdirectionisinaccordancewiththatofthenameplate.Thereshouldbeafilteringequipmentontheoilpipeandareturnoilsystem.Infrontofthecombustionmachineshouldbeanoilpipejointandpressuremeter,besidewhichadaptableneedlevalvemustbeinstalledandconnectedwithsoftpipes.Forheavyoilusers,ontheoilinputrouteshouldbesteamheatpreservationandsteamscavengingpipeline.Beforeignitionthereshouldbesteamscavenginglineandwarming-upoilwayandcarburetorjet.Thetemperatureofheavyoilshouldbenolessthan120℃-130OperationCheck-upbeforethefirstlightingChecktheinstallationofcombustionmachineanditsaccessories;makesurethatoilpath,circuitandairroadarecorrectlyconnected.Switchonandmanuallyexaminetheoperationdirectionofwindmachineandoilrump.Iftheyaregoingotherwise,switchoffimmediatelyandchangeeitherphaseoftheoilpumporwindmachinesothattheoperationdirectionwillchange.Examinetheoilpath,windpathsolenoidvalveandadaptationvalvetoensuretheyareworking;screwthesoftoiltubeoffcarburetorjet,opentheoilvalveandputoilinthebarrelfor15minutesinordertoclearawaytheimpurethingsinthepipe.Preparationsbeforeeachlighting:Al.clearawaytheproductdrugsandmiscellaneousthings;airthesweepcheststovewithfanfor3~5minutes.A2.Openthesteamvalveforwarmingupheavyoilabout3minutesuntilcompletelyemittingtheproductwater.Shutthevalvewhensteamcomesout,andopensweeplinesteamvalveandatomizerstartshipvalvesothatsteamsprayintocombustionmachineandstovechamberalonginjectionvalveandoilpaththatisnotkeptwarm.Preheatoilpathandglibforabout10minutesuntilthesurfaceishotandshutoffsteam.AdaptationOpenthefluevalveandclosethegateofwindmachine,startthemachine.Thenthereisnegativepressureinsidethestove;openthewindgate,sweepthestovechamberandclosethegateagain.Tunetheadaptationvalveontheoilpipepath,starttheoilpumpandincreasetheoilpressureto1.0Mpa.Whensmokeaccompaniescombustionafterignition,itmaybeconcludedthattheoilpressureishigher.Manuallyopenthereturnoilvalvewiderandobservetheflameuntilnosmokecomesout.Ifthetemperatureofthestoveormaterialsisnotsufficientlyhigh,itmaybeduetolowoilpressure;thenturndowntheoiladaptationvalvetoincreasetheoilpressureandstrengthenthefire.Meanwhile,manuallyadaptthewindgateuntilrequiredtemperatureisreachedforstablecombustion.Ifrequiredtemperaturecannotbereachedyet,thenexaminewhetherthemachineistoosmallandhavealargercombustionmachine.SafeoperationinstructionsC1.Examinewhethermachinesandpowerequipmentareingoodconditionandwhetheroilandairpathsareclear;clearawayproductoilandknotcokeatinjectionvalve.C2.Openthetubeadaptationvalvebeforeignition;shutthewindvalvewhenstartingthefan.Airsweepstovechamberfor3~5minutesafteritoperatesproperlyandthenclosethewindvalve.C3.Keepstovechamberatlowpressureof-100~150Pawhenlightingfire;ifnegativepressureistoohighandaffectslightingfire,adaptpipelinevalveandensurestovechamberatlownegativepressure.C4.Generally,stovechambertemperatureshouldbeunder800℃；theairtemperaturecanbeadaptedbypipelinevalveandstovechambergearfieryboardtosuittherequirementsofcraftsmanship(ordinarily100~300C5.Adaptoilpressureaccordingtotheneedofstovetemperature;adaptairvalveinaccordancewiththeconditionofflame.Underthesameoilpressure,makesurefuelburnsfullybyadaptingairvalve.Flameshouldnotbetoolong.Iftemperatureneedstoberaised,increaseoilpressurefirstandopentheairvalvewideratthesametime.Decreasingpressurewilldecreaseairvalveaccordingly.C6.Temperatureshouldnotbeincreasedtooabruptlyincoldstove.Weakfirefor10minutes,thenstrongfire.C7.Whenstoppingcombustion,turnoffburnerinputoilfloodgatevalve,andthenshutoilpump.Turnoffairprovider3minuteslaterandclosethetubeadaptationvalve.C8.Havethemachineoperatingautomaticallyinaccordancewiththeprescribedprocedureafteritisstartedinthecaseofmanualoperation.Adapttheadaptationvalveautomaticallyaccordingtothechangesoftemperatureoftailgassoastoachieveheatsupplybalanceofthesystem.AttentionD1.Iflightingisnotsuccessful,shutoilvalveimmediately;increaseairtoblowsweepstovechamber;lightfire3minuteslateraccordingtoproceduretoavoidexplosioncausedsteamoutofoilfoginstovechamberatthesecondfire-lighting.D2.Operatorshouldnotstandrightinfrontoffire-lightingholewhenlightingfireinordertoavoidanydangercausedbyreturnfire.D3.Ifflameisstableorcombustionisunsteady,turndownairvalvesothatflamekeepsburningincombustionchamber,andthenturnupairvalve.D4.Ifflameistooshortorobviouslyinunusuallyshape,itispossiblybecauseoilgunisjammed,whichleadstoatomizationandbadcombustion.Takeapartthefrontglibofoilgunandcleanatomizationplateandspiralflowcover,andthenassemblethenastheyare(pleasescrewtight).D5.Pressureinuseofoilpumpisbetween0.6and1.5Mpa,adaptableaccordingtotheneedofstovetemperature.Ⅴ.Careandmaintenanceandremoveofcommonfault1.Careandmaintenancea.Filternetshouldbetakenapartandwashedintime;clearproductwastesandmendbreakage.b.Flamecanmustbecleanedatregulartimetokeepcanwallcleanandairpathunblocked.Especiallywhenoilqualityisnotgood,oiltemperatureislowandairisnotclean,cleaningshouldbemorefrequent.c.Oilgunshouldbetakenapartandwashedatregulartimetokeepoilpathunblocked.Takingapartoilgunshouldtakeplaceaccordingtoproceduresandregulations.Donotdamageoilgun.d.Checkoiltemperature,oilpressureandairpressuremeterfrequently.e.Examinesealingofallthevalves.f.Clearawayproductdrugsonthebrickawlsurfaceofblowholeintime,ortheywillcausereturnfireandburncombustionmachine.g.Examinesealingofairandoilpath.h.Keepsteamflowingininsulationcasingpipeofheavyoilpathatworkingtime.Changeintimetheaccessoriesofatomizationplateifdamageisfoundout,oritwillaffectatomization.Restoreflamecanifanydamageisfoundout,oritwillchangeaircirculationareaandinfluencecombustioneffect.2.RemovalofproblemsProblemsCausesSolutionsIgnitionisunsuccessful.1.noatomizationIncreasetheoilpressureandtemperaturetotherequired2.electronicignitiongunnotworkingExaminethewidthofclearanceofignitionelectrode,clearelectrodebesmirchorchangeanignitiontransformer.3.nofuelExaminewhetherfuelsolenoidvalveisopenorhaveanotherone;examinewhetheroilgunisjammedandcleanit.4.windgateistoowideShutthewindgate.5.noignitionsourceExaminewhetherthesolenoidvalveandoilpumppressureSmokeundernormalcombustion.1.oilpressureistoolowIncreasetheoilpressure.2.distributivevalueistoohighortoolowAdapttheoilpressureorhaveanotheratomizationplate.3.oiltemperatureistoolowIncreasetheoiltemperature.4.windgateistoowideortoonarrow.Adapttheairinputgate.5.flamecanisburntoragglomerated.Cleantheagglomerationorhaveanotherflamecan.FlameoutUndernormalcombustion.1.oilprovisionpumpisdamaged.Haveanotheroilpump.2.oilprovisiontubeisjammed.Cleanthetubelineorfilter.3.windgateistoowide.Turndownthegate.4.oilgunisjammed.Cleanthegun.5.oilprovisionsolenoidvalveisnotopen.Examinewhetherthesolenoidvalveorlightsensorisdamaged.Heavyagglomeration1.windpressureistoolow.1.increasewindpressure2.cleantheairinputpathofflamecan.2.oilfogistoothick.Followtheproceduresofatomizationimprovement.3.dustintheair.Installanairinputcanatthehat