独立主格用法详解

独立主格用法详解一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点：(1)

\o""独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。(2)

名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。(3)

独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构的形式英语中，\o""独立主格结构的形式是：名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起，构成\o""独立主格结构。1.

名词/代词+不定式。如：Ahousetobebuilt,wemustsaveeverycent.由于要建一座房子，我们必须节省每一分钱。NowhereisLiLei,WeiFangtocometomorrow.现在李蕾来了，魏方明天到。2.

名词/代词+-ing分词。如：Thebuscomingheresoon,weshouldgeteverythingready.汽车很快就要来了，我们应该把一切事情准备好。Motherbeingill,LiLeiwasveryworried.母亲病了，李蕾非常焦急。3.

名词/代词+动词的过去分词。如：Hiscupbroken,heusedhisbowlinstead.茶杯破了，他就用碗来代替。4.

名词/代词+形容词。如：Thegroundmuddy,weshouldbecareful.地面泞泥，我们应该小心。5.

名词/代词+副词。如：Theclassover,weallwentouttoplay.下课后，我们都出去玩。6.

名词/代词+介词短语。如(from)：Glassesinhishand,heaskedwherehisglasseswere.手里拿着眼镜，他问他的眼镜哪去了。三、独立主格结构的句法功能\o""独立主格结构在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件和伴随等情况。1.

作时间状语Schoolover,thestudentswenthome.放学后，学生们都回家了。Theceremonyended,thegamesbegan.仪式结束后，比赛开始了。2.

作条件状语Itbeingfinetomorrow,we’llgoboating.如果明天天气好的话，我们就去划船。LiLeicoming,itisnotnecessarytoaskWuDong.如果李蕾来的话，就没有必要叫吴东了。3.

作原因状语Themeetingbeingputoff,weneedn’thurry.由于会议推迟了，我们就没有必要匆忙了。Mr.Libeingill,MissYangwillgiveusthislessoninstead.李老师病了，杨老师将代他来给我们上这堂课。4.

作伴随状语Mr.Licomeshere,

abookinhishand.李先生手里拿着书过来了。Asmileonherface,sheaskedwhatshecoulddoforus.她面带微笑问道我们要什么。使用独立主格结构的几点注意

1.

独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了教室。

2.

不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havingbeen）不能省略：(1)

独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)

在Therebeing＋名词的结构中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

3.

独立主格结构没有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.

主编来了，我们开始开会。比较动名词复合结构：Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.

4.

独立主格的时态问题6.

Thesoldierrushedintothecave,hisrighthand________agunandhisface________withsweat.A

held;covered

B.

holding;covering

C.

holding;covered

D.

held;covering

7.

Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_________.A.

flowedinthebreeze

B.

wasflowinginthebreeze

C.

wereflowinginthebreeze

D.

flowinginthebreeze8.

Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_________fortheday.A.finishing

B.

finished

C.

hadfinished

D.

werefinished9.

OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.A.their

B.

whose

C.

which

D.

that10.

TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,oneaToyota,________LandRoverofthelatest.A.another

B.

other

C.

theother

D.

theothers【答案与解析】1.

D。halfofthemnovels为\o""独立主格结构，相当于andhalfofthemarenovels。2.

C。考查“with+名词+过去分词”结构。3.

A。mostofthemcarrying...为独立主格结构，相当于andmostofthemwerecarrying...，也可改为：mostofwhomwerecarrying。注意改动后连词and的使用和动词were的使用。4.

C。allofthemover600yearsold为独立主格结构，相当于andallofthemareover600yearsold。5.

D。第一空填being，构成独立主格结构；第二空填不定式表目的。6.

C。\o""独立主格结构，hisrighthand

与hold有主谓关系，故用holding,而

hisface与

cover是动宾关系，故用covered.7.

D。herlonghair

与

flowing

是主动关系，这是“\o""独立主格结构”作状语。8.

B。因lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词。其实，theirlessonsfinishedfortheday为\o""独立主格结构。9.

A。此题容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。其实，句中的theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking

不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词

seated

不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为

seat

作动词用时，是及物动词。10.

D。易误选C。后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式，省略了being。补充完整就是：TheSmithsarerichandtheyhavethreecars,onebeingaToyota,theothersbeingLandRoverofthelatest.(两个\o""独立主格结构均表伴随状语)独立主格结构练习1.

The

weather___fine,

they

decided

to

go

out

for

a

walk.

A.

wereB.

was

C.

is

D.

being

2.The

composition

given

by

the

teacher___

,

Alice

went

to

watch

TV.

A.

being

done

well

B.

has

been

done

well

C.

having

done

well

D.

done

well3.

The

last

plane___

,

they

had

to

stay

in

the

hotel

for

another

night.

A.

left

B.

having

left

C.

having

been

left

D.

be

leaving

4.

It

is

a

beautiful

village

with

a

mountain____

it.

A.

Surrounded

B.

surrounding

C.

having

surrounded

D.

having

been

surrounded

5.

Everything___

into

consideration,

his

work

is

well

done.

A.

taking

B.

taken

C.

has

been

taken

D.

being

taken

6.

All

his

work___,

he

left

his

office

at

ease.

A.

finished

B.

had

been

finished

C.

finishing

D.

to

finish

7.The

power

station

was

built

on

the

river

with

our

village

and

some

others___

with

electricity.

A.

to

supply

B.

supplied

C.

supplying

D.

having

supplied

8.

____five

minutes____

before

the

last

train

left,we

arrived

atthe

station.

A.

There

being;

to

go

B.

It

was;

left

C.

It

had;

left

D.

There

was;

to

go

9.

Christmas____,

the

family

was

full

of

excitement.

A.

was

then

only

days

away

B.

were

then

only

days

away

C.

then

only

days

away

D.

having

been

then

only

days

away

10.

They

first

reach

an

agreement

on

the

basic

principle,

the

details____later.

A.

to

work

it

out

B.

having

been

worked

out

C.

to

be

worked

out

D.

being

worked

out

11.

The

purse_____,

they

went

to

the

police.

A.

not

yet

found

B.

hasn’t

been

found