【商务英语信函的写作问题探究（英语版）（论文）】

ChapterOneIntroductionResearchBackgroundWiththein-depthdevelopmentofeconomicglobalisationandtheincreaseininternationaleconomicandtradecooperation,cross-borderbusinessactivitiesarebecomingmorefrequent.Businesslettersplayabridgingandlinkingroleintheentirebusinessprocess,fromestablishingbusinessrelationships,signingcontracts,executingcontractstoresolvingdisputes.Agoodbusinessletternotonlyhelpstoestablishandmaintaingoodbusinessrelationships,butalsohelpstoavoidunnecessarymisunderstandingsanddisputesbetweenthecontractingpartiesthrougheffectivecommunication.Inrecentyears,rapideconomicdevelopmenthasmadeChinaavitaleconomyforglobalbusinessactivities.MoreandmoreChinesecompaniesareestablishingcontactswithforeigncompanies,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.Somecompaniestradewithforeignpartnersthroughletterstobuyandsellgoods,whileothersuseletterstogreettheirpartnersortomaintaingoodbusinessrelations.Thereisnodoubtthatbusinesslettersplayanessentialroleasatoolandbridge.Thesuccessofabusinessactivitydependstoalargeextentontheabilityofthecontractingpartiestocommunicateeffectively.Agoodbusinesslettershouldconveyaccurateinformationinsimplelanguage,describethefactsaccurately,communicateeffectivelyandmaintaingoodbusinessrelations.Therefore,understandingthelanguageandwritingagoodbusinessletterinEnglishisessentialforinternationalbusiness.Countlessbusinesslettersaresentandreceivedeverydayaroundtheworldandtheyhavebecomethe'lifeblood'ofeverydaybusinesscommunication.However,onlythosethatarewellwrittenandaccuratelyexpressedcanbeconsideredsuccessful.Thedifferencesinculturalbackground,languageconventionsandexpressionsmakebusinesslettersinEnglishdifferentfrombusinesslettersinChinese.Therefore,inordertosuccessfullydraftagoodbusinessletter,itisnecessarytounderstandandmasterthelinguisticcharacteristicsofbusinessEnglishlettersandtostudytheirwritingstrategies.1.2ResearchSignificanceTheuseofambiguouslanguageisimportantinbusinessEnglishwriting,asitcaneffectivelycontributetothesuccessofbusinesscommunicationandgreatlyenhancethepolitenessoflanguageexpressions,makingbusinesscommunicationmoreflexible.Atpresent,mostoftheanalysisandinvestigationoffuzzylanguageinbusinessEnglishlettersfocusonthecomprehensivedescriptionoffuzzylanguageinbusinessEnglishletters,suchasthephenomenonoffuzzylanguageandtheroleoffuzzylanguage,butrarelyontheapplicationoffuzzylanguage.Inthispaper,welookattheeffectiveuseoffuzzylanguageinbusinessEnglishlettersfromaconformistperspective,inordertomaximisethepositiveeffectsoffuzzylanguage.BusinessEnglishlettersareanindispensabletoolininternationalbusinesscommunicationatatimewhenworldtradeisbooming.Businesslettersareoftenusedthroughoutthewholeprocessofsocialandcommercialactivities,fromthebeginningtotheendofcommunication,andtheybecomeabridgebetweenbuyersandsellers.Inthispaper,wemakeacontributiontoimprovingthequalityofbusinessEnglishlettersbygivingsuggestionsforcountermeasuresagainstsomeoftheproblemsinbusinesslettersfromtheperspectiveofConformityTheory.Throughthecountermeasuresgiven,theuseofambiguouslanguageinbusinessletterscanbemademoreaccurateandreasonable,thuspromotinginternationalbusinesscooperationtobemorereasonable,efficientandsmooth.BusinessEnglishlettersundertheguidanceofthetheoryofconformitycanlargelyachieveeffectivecommunicationandpromotethesmoothdevelopmentofbusinessactivities,thuscontributingtothefinalconclusionofbusinesscooperationandtrade.

Chapter2LiteratureReview2.1AboardResearchThedictionarystudyofFuzzywordsbeganwithMencken,anAmericanlinguist.InhisbooktheAmericanLanguage:aninquiryintothedevelopmentofEnglishintheUnitedStates,combinedwiththehistoricalandculturalfactorsoftheUnitedStates,thispaperanalyzesthecausesofFuzzywords,leavingavaluablelegacyforthefuturestudyofFuzzywords.In1981,adictionaryofFuzzywordsandotherdoubletalkwascompiledbyBritishlinguistRawsonThisbookembodiestheachievementsofBritishandAmericanlinguistsonFuzzywords,becauseitnotonlytracesthehistoryofFuzzywordsresearch,butalsodiscussesthedefinition,characteristics,classificationandscopeofFuzzywords.ItcanbecalledtheclassicworkofFuzzywordsresearch.Kingwords,athesaurasofFuzzywords,writtenbyAmericanscholarsNeamanandsilverin1983,isanotherexcellentbookforthestudyofEnglishFuzzywords.Theauthorgivesadetailedintroductiontothehistory,characteristicsandmotivationofEnglishFuzzywords.Inaddition,adictionaryofFuzzywords,firstpublishedbyholderin1987andreprintedin1995,isalsoagoodworkforthestudyofEnglishFuzzywords,whichprovidesvaluableinformationforthestudyofEnglishFuzzywords.Semanticsisasubjectthatstudiesthemeaningofwordsinnaturallanguage.ScholarswhostudyFuzzywordsfromtheperspectiveofsemanticsmainlyfocusonthesemanticrelationshipbetweenFuzzywordsandtaboos,andthesemanticcharacteristicsofFuzzywords.Leech,afamousBritishlinguist,discussesthecausesandmeansofFuzzywordsfromtheperspectiveofemotionalassociation.DangllibelievesthatFuzzywordsisanimportantsourceofsynonymsinlanguagevocabulary.Hepointsoutthatbecausepeoplealwaysseekmoreappropriatelanguagetoexpresstheirmeaningincommunication,manysynonymswitheuphemisticnaturewillbecreated.AustralianlinguistsAllanandBurridgeusefacetheorytoexplainFuzzywordsinFuzzywordsanddysphemism:languageusesasshieldandweapon.TheythinkFuzzywordsisanimportantmeanstoavoidconflictincommunication.Intheirotherbook,forbiddenwords,tabooandthecensoringoflanguage,theyhavedevotedalotoftimetothechoiceofFuzzywords,dysFuzzywordsandneutrallanguageindifferentcontexts.Manyscholarsathomeandabroadhaveappliedmanytheoriesofpragmatics,suchasfacetheory,adaptationtheory,speechacttheorytoanalyzeFuzzywords.Sincethe1980s,cognitivelinguisticshassprungupandmademanyinnovativecontributionsinthefieldoflinguistics.Thetheoriesofcognitivelinguisticsincludeprototypecategorytheory,conceptualmetaphorandmetonymytheory,conceptualintegrationtheoryandsoon.Thesetheorieshavemadegreatcontributionstolanguageresearch.ManyscholarsusethemtoexplainFuzzywordsanddeepenourunderstandingofFuzzywords.Fernández,aSpanishscholar,appliesconceptualmetaphortheorytoanalyzeFuzzywordsandtautologyrelatedtosexinEnglish,andemphasizestheimportantroleofconceptualizationininterpretingFuzzywordsandtautology.Inanotherarticle,FernándezusesconceptualmetaphortheorytoanalyzetheFuzzywordsintheobituariesoftheVictorianperiod,andgivesadetailedexplanationoftheconceptualizationprocessofdeathFuzzywords.2.2DomesticResearchThedictionaryofEnglishFuzzywords,firstpublishedbyChinesescholarLiuChunbaoin1993,introducesandexplainsEnglishFuzzywordsindetail.Intheintroductionofthebook,theauthordiscussesthetypes,causes,changingrules,constructionmethodsandprinciplesofEnglishFuzzywordsfromanacademicpointofview,whichmakesanimportantcontributiontothestudyofFuzzywordsinChina.Foralongtime,thestudyofFuzzywordshasbeencarriedoutfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric.Fuzzywordsisregardedasafigureofspeechandaskilltoexpresslanguagemorebeautifully.InhisbookadetailedintroductiontoEnglishfiguresofspeech,LiXinhua,aChinesescholar,elaboratesonthedefinitionofEnglishFuzzywords,theuseofFuzzywordsandtherelationshipbetweenFuzzywordsandtaboosfromtheperspectiveofrhetoric,andcreativelystudiestheaestheticvalueofFuzzywords.Inhisbook"figuresofspeechandvocabulary",thescholarLiGuonantakesFuzzywordsasafigureofspeechandmakesadetailedcomparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseFuzzywordsintermsoflanguagemeans,etymology,cultureandstyle.WuTieping,aChinesescholar,explainsthemechanismofFuzzywordsbyusingtheWesternfuzzytheory.HethinksthatthemainmethodsofproducingFuzzywordsare"usingfuzzywordstoFuzzywordsprecisewords","usingprecisewordstoFuzzywordsanotherpreciseword","usingwordswithgreaterfuzzydegreebelongingtothesamesettoFuzzywordswordswithlessfuzzydegree"and"usingonefuzzywordbelongingtodifferentsetstoFuzzywordsanotherpreciseword"Thefirstmockexam.WangYongzhonganalyzesthefivecommunicativefunctionsofFuzzywordsfromtheperspectiveoflinguisticfuzziness,whicharepolitenessfunction,taboofunction,persuasionfunction,coverupfunctionandself-protectionfunction.GuTongqinganalyzedthesemanticconstructionmeansofEnglishFuzzywords(semanticpromotion,semanticfuzzinessandloanwords),theuseofassociativemeaningintheuseofEnglishFuzzywords,andthesemanticchangescausedbyEnglishFuzzywords.Inaddition,GaoLijiaandTianPinganalyzedthesemanticfeaturesofEnglishandChineseFuzzywordsfromfiveaspects:semanticpromotion,generalization,indirectness,humorandnationality.Thestudyofpragmaticsfocusesonthecontextoflanguageuse.StartingfromtherelationshipbetweenFuzzywordsandcontext,ZhongWendividesFuzzywordsintoconventionalFuzzywordsandnonconventionalFuzzywords.Shudingfangputsforwardtheprincipleofself-protectiononthebasisofcooperativeprincipleandpolitenessprinciple.Hethinksthatpeoplewilltrytheirbesttoprotecttheirowninterestsintheprocessofcommunicationandusegoodwordstodescribethemselves.HealsoputsforwardthreecharacteristicsofFuzzywordsfromtheperspectiveofpragmatics,anddiscussesthethreefactorsthataffecttheuseofFuzzywords,namelygender,powerandcivilization.XuLinadiscussesthestrategiesofFuzzywordsinterpretationinEnglishChinesecross-culturalcommunicationfromapragmaticperspective.Shebelievesthatinadditiontoculturalfactors,structuralform,cooperativeprinciples,occasionsandobjectscannotbeignoredintheprocessofcommunication.Languageisthesubjectivereflectionoftheobjectiveworld,Fuzzywordsanditssocialandculturalenvironmentareinseparable.Asataboophenomenon,languagetabooisalsoasocialpsychologicalphenomenon.ThesocialpsychologyofFuzzywordsincludesanxietyandfear,seekinggoodfortuneandavoidingevil,honestyandshame,shynessandsoon.LiuRuiqinandotherselaboratedtheimportantroleofvariouspsychologyintheformationofFuzzywordsintheirbooks.Fromtheperspectiveofsociolinguistics,PengWenzhaosystematicallycombsthesocialattributesandfunctionalfeaturesofFuzzywords,anddiscussestherelationshipbetweenFuzzywordsandsocialculturaldomain.JiangBingqingalsoelaboratedthesocialpsychologyofFuzzywordsinhisarticle.Asarhetoricaldevice,Fuzzywordsoriginatesfrompeople'sanxietyandfear,andformsagrouppsychologicalsetindifferentregionsandgroups.GuTongqingregardsFuzzywordsasaphenomenonoflanguagevariation,anddiscussestherelationshipbetweenFuzzywordsandthesocial,ethnic,culturalbackgroundoflanguageusersandthecommunicativecontextoflanguageuse.IntheBookSociolinguisticswrittenbyChenYuan,aChinesesociallinguist,aspecialchapterisdevotedtothediscussionofFuzzywords.ItgivesadetaileddescriptionofthehistoricalandsocialpsychologicalbackgroundoftheemergenceofFuzzywords,andanalyzesthecompositionandusecharacteristicsofFuzzywordswithalargenumberofexamples.ItisaclassicworkofFuzzywordsresearchinChina.WangYongzhongdiscussesthecognitivemotivationofFuzzywordsfromtheperspectiveofprototypecategoryFuzzywordsistheevolutionfromprototypicalmeaningtomarginalmeaning,whichweakensthetypicalityoffamilyresemblance.ChenLiwenusedconceptualmetaphortheoryandcrossspatialmappingtheorytostudyFuzzywords.ShebelievesthatthecognitivemotivationofFuzzywordsmetaphoristomapthesourcedomainconceptwithstrongpsychologicalaccessibilitytothetargetdomainconceptwithweakpsychologicalaccessibility.Inanotherarticle,sheusesthetheoryofcrossspatialmappingtoexplainthesimilaritiesanddifferencesinthemeaningconstructionofChineseandEnglishFuzzywords,tryingtoexploretheconceptualintegrationmechanismofdifferentChineseandEnglishFuzzywords.JiangYixuananalyzestheinterFuzzywordsofthesemanticconstructionofFuzzywords.ShebelievesthatintheprocessofmeaningcognitionconstructionofFuzzywords,intersubjectivitycanplaythegreatestrelevance,sothatbothsidesofFuzzywordscanachievethelogicalinheritanceofSemanticConnotation,andfinallyachievetheintersubjectivity.LuWeiandKongShujuandiscussthewaysandcharacteristicsofthegenerationandunderstandingofFuzzywordsfromtheperspectiveofcognitivemetonymy.TheythinkthatthetypesofthegenerationofFuzzywordsbymetonymycognitivemodelmainlyincludethereplacementofthewholepartandthereplacementbetweentherelatedthings.TheyalsoanalyzethemeansofthegenerationofFuzzywordsbymetonymyfromthethreelevelsofvocabulary,grammarandpragmatics.Inaddition,manyscholarsusevarioustheoriesofcognitivelinguisticstoanalyzeFuzzywordsofdifferentmaterials,whichprovidesaplatformforpeopletounderstandFuzzywordsmoredeeply.

ChapterThreeTheoreticalFramework3.1IntroductiontoConformismConformism,asatheoryoflinguisticconformity,isatheoryofpragmaticsfoundedinthe1980sbythefamousBelgianlinguistYvesVissolon.In1995,heeditedandpublishedthefirstHandbookofLinguistics,whichmarkedthebasicformationofthetheory.In1999,Vissolon'sNewInterpretationsofPragmatics,asystematicexpositionofthetheory,markedthetheory'smaturation.ThephilosophicalbasisofthetheoryofconformityisderivedfromDarwin'stheoryofevolutionandPeirce'sideaoflogicalsemantics.Bysystematicallyanalysingandsummarisingthevariousfeaturesoflanguagechoice,WissoloncreativelycombinesDarwin'stheoryofnaturalselectionwithlanguageuse,andfurtherillustratesitwithconcreteexamplesintheprocessoflanguage-rightcommunication.Thisisnotonlyafar-reachingguidetotheconstructionofatheoryofpragmatics,butalsotriggerslanguageuserstothinkphilosophicallyabouthumanexistenceintheprocessofselectingandusinglanguage.(Zeng,2009:86)"ForWisolon,languageuseisaprocessinwhichlanguageperformsitsownfunction,thatistosay,inwhichlanguageusersflexiblychooselinguisticdevicesaccordingtotheneedsofthecommunicativecontextinordertoachievecommunicativeintentions."(LiJie,HeNaturally,2010:129)Wissollenarguesforapragmaticsynthesisinwhichlanguageuseisasocialactandlanguageusersmustanalyseandstudylinguisticphenomenaandlanguageusefromanintegratedsocial,culturalandcognitiveperspective.ForWieselen,variabilityisapropertythatisspecifictolanguageitself.Thispropertystipulatesthattherangeofitemsavailableatanylevelofthelinguisticstructureisnotstaticandclosed,butconstantlychangingandopen,fromaco-temporalorephemeralperspective.Choicesatanylevelofthelinguisticcommunicationprocessare'madeonthebasisofhighlyflexibleprinciplesandstrategies,ratherthaninamechanicalwayoraccordingtofixedrules'(Verschueren,1999).(Verschueren,1999:173)ForVerschueren,languageuseishighlynegotiable.Conformityreferstothelinguisticprocesswherebylanguageusersmakeflexibleandappropriatechoicesfromthedifferentcontentoptionsavailableinordertosatisfycommunicativeneedsasmuchaspossible.Thelinguisticcharacteristicofconformismisthatitenablesflexiblelinguisticchoicestobemadefromawiderangeofpossibilitiesinordertoconstantlyapproachthepointofsatisfactionofcommunicativeneeds.(Verschueren,2000:61)3.2TheDevelopmentofConformityTheoryIn'TheCooperativePrincipleinConformism',YanjunZhangdiscussesthepossibilityofbridgingthegapbetweenconformismandthecooperativeprinciple.Thepaperpointsoutthatsemanticgravityisthekeytotheintegrationofthecoreconceptsofthetheoryofconformityandthecoreofthefoursub-criteriaoftheprincipleofcooperation,thatsemanticgravityensuresthefeasibilityoftheinterlockingofconformityandcooperation,andthatthechoiceoflanguageinthetheoryofconformityisaconcretemeanstorealisetheprincipleofcooperation,andthatfromtheverybeginningoflanguageuse,semanticgravitymakesconformitytakeonthecorrespondingcharacteristicsoftheprincipleofcooperation.Zhangconcludesthatsemanticsisthebasisandprerequisitefortheinterlockingofthecooperativeprincipleandthetheoryofconformity.Inhisarticle'ConformityTheoryandAssociationTheory-AComparisonofTwoContextualPerspectives',ChenChunhuafirstbrieflyintroducesthemaincontentsofassociationtheoryandconformitytheory,andcomparesthe'contextual'and'communicative'perspectivesofthetwotheories."Inthepaper,thedifferencesbetweenthetwotheoriesandtheirrespectivestrengthsandweaknessesarecompared.RanYongpingpublishedapaperentitled'AConformity-ConformityAnalysisofVerbalCommunication',whichisbasedonverbalcommunicationandintegratesthetwoprocessesofdiscourseproductionanddiscoursecomprehension,andtriestoproposeacorrelation-conformitymodel.Inresponsetotheshortcomingsofassociationtheoryandconformitytheory,YangPingproposestheconformity-associationmodel.Accordingtotheassociation-conformitymodel,theprocessoflanguageuseisaprocessofconformingtoassociation,i.e.thechoiceanduseoflanguageisaprocessinwhichthespeakerseeksassociationtoconformtothecontextofassociation.Theassociation-conformitymodelovercomestheshortcomingsofSperbelandWilson'stheoryofassociation,whichisnotsufficientlydescriptive.Inaddition,theassociation-conformitymodelovercomestheshortcomingsofVerschucren'sinadequateexplanationofconformitytheorybyexplainingthemechanismofconformityintermsofcognitiveassociation.Thismechanismhasasolidfoundationincognitivepsychologyandbiologicalevolution,anditsexplanatorygeneralityismuchdeeperandbroaderthantheso-called'consciousness'inVerschueren'stheoryofconformity.(Li,YuanSheng,2007)TheCooperative-Relational-Adaptivemodel,ortheC-R-Amodelforshort.LiaoQiaoyunhasbeentryingtointegratetheprinciplesofcooperation,associationtheoryandconformitytheory,andshepointsoutin"TheCooperation-Relationship-ComplianceModelandCommunicativeSuccess"thatcooperationisaprerequisiteforcommunicativesuccess;associationisanecessaryconditionforcommunicativesuccess;andcomplianceisaregulatorymechanismforcommunicativesuccess.Thefollowingyear,theauthorrevisitedtheCR-Amodel,whichtouchesonthemodelthatverbalcommunicationisaverbalcognitiveprocessinwhichcommunicatorsmakeconformitywithintheframeworkoftheirexperience.Inherdoctoralthesis,'TheC-R-AModel:AThree-DimensionalInterpretationofVerbalCommunication',sheexplainsthestrengthsandlimitationsofthethreemajorrepresentativetheoriesofpragmatics:theCooperativePrinciple(CP),theTheoryofAssociation(RT)andtheTheoryofConformity(AT),andcreativelyproposesathree-in-onemodelthatcombinesthestrengthsandweaknessesofthethree.C-R-A"model.ThisinnovativemodelisaboldstepforwardinthefieldofpragmaticsinChina.(HeZhaoxiong,2005)3.3PrinciplesofConformityTheoryLinguisticconformityisdependentoncontextualrelations,thatistosay,contextualconformityisthemostimportantaspectoflinguisticconformity.Thespeakerandthelistenerarethecoreofthecontext,becauseonlywhenboththespeakerandthelistenerareinvolvedisitpossibletoproduceanexchangeofideasthroughthemediumoflanguage,andthecontextualrelationshipcanbeactivated.(He,Naturally,Ran,2009:292)Inthematerialworld,thedenotativerelationshipbetweentimeandspacehasacrucialinfluenceonthechoiceoflanguage,typicallyintheuseofgreetingsandindications.Thus,theviewheldbyVesolononcontextisadynamicviewofcontext.Conformityreferstotheprinciplethatthestructureandcontentofthevariouslevelsoflanguageareinharmonywitheachother.Itconsistsofthreemainaspectsoflinguisticstructure:firstly,thechoiceofcode,languageandstyle.Secondly,thechoiceofdiscoursebuildingblocks.Thirdly,thechoiceofdiscourseanddiscoursesegments.Thedynamicprocessofconformitytakesplacewithintheinteractiveprocessanditsideationalframework.Accordingtothetheoryoflinguisticconformity,dynamismisfirstandforemostreflectedinthetemporalandspatialdimensions.Moreover,thereisnotjustasinglelinearrelationshipbetweenlinguisticchoices.Infact,thelinguisticchoicesthathavealreadytakenplaceconstantlybecomethecontextsforthelinguisticchoicesthatarenowandwillsoontakeplace.Thirdly,theproductionofmeaninginanideationalframeworkisalwaysaccompaniedbytheuseofstrategies.(LiJie,HeNature,2010)Inessence,consciousnesssalienceistheself-reflexiveconsciousnessinvolvedinlanguageuse.(Li,Jie,He,2010:135)Notalllanguagechoicesareconsciousandpurposeful;somearealmostautomaticandunconscious,whileothersinvolveahighdegreeofconsciousness.Thisdifferenceinthedegreeofconsciousnessreflectstheconsciousaccentuationoftheconformityprocess,i.e.thedegreetowhichthelanguageuser'smeta-linguisticconsciousnessbecomesvisibleintheprocessoflanguageuse(Verschueren1999:67,173).3.4PrinciplesofwritingbusinesslettersInwritingbusinessEnglishletters,attentionshouldbepaidtotheprinciplesofbrevityandprecision,completenessandspecificity,andpoliteness.BusinessEnglishlettersarenotordinarycorrespondence,butbusinessactivitieswithacertaintaskandpurpose.Therefore,businessEnglishlettersmustfollowtheprinciplesofsimplicityandprecision.InbusinessEnglishletters,inordertomakecommunicationeasier,itisimportanttodiscardtheneedforpoliterhetoric,sothatthelettercanbeexpressedinthesimplest,mostintuitivewords.Therefore,inbusinessEnglishletters,trynottousephrasesifyoucanexpresstheminwords,andtrynottouselongsentencesifyoucanexpresstheminshortones,especiallyavoidingconjunctions(suchasbut,however,and,consequently,etc.),whichcanmakesentenceslong.Thewritingprocessshouldaimtoachievethepurposeinthemostconciseandclearexpressiontosavetimeforyourselfandtheotherparty.AsbusinessEnglishlettershavetoconveycertaininformationaboutbusinessactivities,theseinformationrelatetotherights,obligationsandinterestsofbothpartiesinabusinesstransaction.Therefore,itisimportanttoensuretheaccuracyofbusinessEnglishletters.Forthisreason,itisimportanttofocusontheaccuracyofeverypunctuation,everywordandeverysentenceintheletterwritingprocess,aswellastheaccuracyofthecentralideatobeexpressed.Itisalsoimportantnottousemorethanonewordwiththesamemeaninginthesameletter.Forexample,ifyouhaveusedgoodshavebeensent,thendonotuseotherwordssuchasforward,dispatch,etc.whenreferringtothematterlater,otherwiseyouwillmisleadtheotherpartytounnecessarilyconsiderwhetherthesewordshaveanothermeaning.Abusinessletterisaletterthatrequiresacompleteexpressionofthecontenttobeexpressed,involvingbusinessactivities,andthereforeneedstofollowtheprincipleofcompleteness,i.e.who,when,where,what,why,how,etc.Thelackofsomeofthesefactorswillresultinanincomplete,non-specificandpoorlyprofessionalbusinessletter.Therearemanyetiquettestobenotedinbusinessinteractions,andtheprocessofwritingbusinessEnglishneedstofollowtheprincipleofpoliteness,reflectingcertainetiquetteintheexpressionofwords,toneofvoice,etc.,soastomakethelettermoresincere.Differencesofopinionareboundtooccurinbusinessinteractions,butpolitenessandcommunicationmayresolvethemwithoutaffectingthegoodrelationshipbetweenthetwoparties.Therefore,intheprocessofletterwriting,itisimportanttofullyconsidertheuseofwordsandsentencestoensurethattheyarepolite.IntheprocessofwritingbusinessEnglishletters,itisimportanttostandardisethestructureandvocabularyofthewriting,totakefullaccountoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncultures,andtofocusonthetoneandintonationoftheletterinordertomakethebusinessEnglishletterthemostdignifiedanddecent.IntheprocessofwritingbusinessEnglishletters,thestructureandvocabularyofthelettershouldbeverycareful.BecausebusinessEnglishletterscanreflectthecommitmentandstanceofbothsidesofthetrade,reflectingthequalityandimageofbothsidesofthetrade,socomparedtoordinaryletters,businessEnglishlettersaremoreconcernedwiththestandardisationandsolemnityofthewording,andthewords,phrasesandsentencesusedshouldbemorerigorous.ThisiswhybusinessEnglishlettersareoftenwrittenusingcompletesentences,fixedpoliteidioms,declarativesentencestoexpresstheimperativetone,orusingderivednounsinsteadofverbstoexpressactionbehaviour,avoidingtensesandotherfactors,makingthelettermoreobjectiveandformal.Businessletterscanalsobewrittenwithmultiplelevelsofcomplexsubordinateclausesandlongsentencestoconveymultiplelevelsofcomplexlogicalrelationshipsandinterrelatedmeaningsthatcannotbematchedbyshortsentences.Inaddition,businessEnglishletterscanhavesomefixedstructureorformat,suchas