美国历史英语演讲

HistoryoftheUnitedStates

From1607tocivilwarChapterIColonizationofNorthAmerica1.TheIndians

2.Theearlyexploration

3.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesTheIndiansBeforeChristopherColumbusdiscoverthenewworld.TherelivedagroupofpeoplewhichColumbusmistookforthepeopleofIndia.Thosepeople,whohadcrossedfromAsiasome2000yearsearlierleftabeautifulvirginlandscapelargelyuntouched.TheearlyexplorationAfterColumbusdiscovertheNewWorldin1492theEuropeanpowerssentmanyexplorerstothenewcontinentsandtheybegantocompeteagainsteachotherinoccupyingtheNewWorld.Asaresultoftheearlyexploration,itlaidthefoundationforthecreationofnationinNorthandSouthAmerica.Theexplorersalsoexclaimedlargeareasoflandfortheirkings.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesa.Jamestownb.Massachusettsc.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesJamestownThefirstofBritishcoloniestoholdinNorthAmericawas

Jamestown（詹姆士顿）

.Agroupofabout100mensetoutfortheChesapeakeBay（切萨皮克湾）in1607

.TheysetupthefirstcolonizationsiteJamestown.Thissitewasdevelopedintooneofthe13colonies–Virginia（弗吉尼亚）.MassachusettsIn1620,inordertoescapefromreligiouspersecutionathomeagroupofpuritans（清教徒）

–nowknownaspilgrimFather（移民始祖）

securedalandpatentfromVirginiaCompany,thesepeoplesetoutforVirginiaonboardtheMayflower（五月花号）

,AstormsentthemfornorthandlandedinNewEnglandonCapeCod（科德角）

.TheMayflowerThanksgivingDayThePilgrimFathersufferedterriblehardshipsatfirst,andhalfofthemdiedinthefirstwinter.Butthosewhosurvivedthefirstyearmanagedtoliveonfishand,withthehelpoffriendlyIndians,reapaharvestfromthelandinthesummer.Thesettlersfixedadatetocelebratetheirharvest.FirstThanksgiving-Daytocelebratetheharvest,expressingtheirthankstoGod.TheFoundingofthethirteencoloniesIttookmorethanacenturyfortheBritishtoestablishthe13coloniesalongtheAtlanticcoast.The13weredivided,accordingtotheirgeographicallocationsfromSouthtoNorth,threesections:thesoutherncolonies,themiddlecoloniesandNewEngland.southerncolonies:Virginia,Maryland,NorthandSouthCarolina,andGeorgia.MiddleColonies:NewYork,NewJersey,Pennsylvania,andDelaware.NewEngland:Massachusetts,NewHampshire,ConnecticutandRhodeIsland.北美十三个殖民地在殖民时期，南北两种截然不同的社会制度已经产生，北部建立起小土地所有制，同时发展起了资本主义经济，南部则建立起种植园奴隶制，而中部则介于两者之间。两种不同制度的产生为19世纪中叶美国内战的爆发埋下了种子。Americanrevolution1.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.2.Theunityofthecolonies.3.ThefireofLexingtonandDeclarationofIndependence.4.ThewarofAmericanIndependence.5.Thesignificanceofthewar.6.TheConfederationandtheConstitution.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.

1.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.2.TheBostonMassacre.3.BostonTeaParty.Thesharpeningcontradictionbetweencoloniesandmothercountry.

Withthegrowthofthecolonies,however,Englandexercisedmoreprofitsoutofhercolonies.SuchasStampAct(印花税）

,TownshendActs（汤森法案）

,TeaAct（茶叶税）.TheBostonMassacreBostonTeaPartyTheunityofthecoloniesTheFirstContinentalCongresswasaconventionofdelegatesfromtwelveofthethirteenNorthAmericancoloniesthatmetonSeptember5,1774,atCarpenters'HallinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,earlyintheAmericanRevolution.CalledinresponsetothepassageoftheCoerciveActs(alsoknownasIntolerableActsbytheColonialAmericans)bytheBritishParliament,theCongresswasattendedby56membersappointedbythelegislaturesoftwelveoftheThirteenColonies,theexceptionbeingtheProvinceofGeorgia,whichdidnotsenddelegates.大陆会议会址---费城木匠厅ThefireofLexingtonThesecondcontinentalcongressTheSecondContinentalCongresswasaconventionofdelegatesfromtheThirteenColoniesthatmetbeginningonMay10,1775,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,soonafterwarfareintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarhadbegun.ThesecondCongressmanagedthecolonialwareffort,andmovedincrementallytowardsindependence,adoptingtheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4th,1776GeorgeWashingtonGeorgeWashington(February22,1732December14,1799)servedasthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStatesfrom1789to1797andasthecommanderoftheContinentalArmyintheAmericanRevolutionaryWarfrom1775to1783.BecauseofhissignificantroleintherevolutionandintheformationoftheUnitedStates,heisoftenreveredbyAmericansasthe"FatherofOurCountry”TheContinentalCongressappointedWashingtoncommander-in-chiefoftheAmericanrevolutionaryforcesin1775.UnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence

TheUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceisastatementadoptedbytheContinentalCongressonJuly4,1776,whichannouncedthatthethirteenAmericancoloniesthenatwarwithGreatBritainwerenowindependentstates,andthusnolongerapartoftheBritishEmpire.WrittenprimarilybyThomasJefferson,theDeclarationisaformalexplanationofwhyCongresshadvotedonJuly2todeclareindependencefromGreatBritain,morethanayearaftertheoutbreakoftheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.ThebirthdayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica—IndependenceDay—iscelebratedonJuly4,thedaythewordingoftheDeclarationwasapprovedbyCongress.DeclarationofIndependenceThomasJefferson,mainauthoroftheDeclarationofIndependenceDeclarationofIndependenceWeholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertain

unalienablerights,thattheyareamongthesearelife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Thattosecuretheserights,governmentsareinstitutedamongthem,

derivingtheirjustpowerfromtheconsentofthegoverned.我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。ThewarofAmericanIndependenceAtfirstAmericansufferedalotTurningpoint:greatvictoryatSaratogaWiththehelpofFranceandothercountriesAmericanfinallywintheindependence.英军司令康华利和他手下7000名英军在约克镇向美军投降ThesignificanceofthewarTheAmericanWarofIndependencewasofgreathistoricalimportanceandinfluence.AnewrepublicemergedanditmarkedanewbeginningofAmericanhistory.ThevictoryoftheAmericanpeoplealsogreatlyencouragedthepeopleinthecoloniesruledbytheSpanishandpromotedthenationalliberationstruggleoftheothercoloniesintheworld.TheConfederationandtheConstitutionConstitutionalConventionUnitedStatesConstitutionConstitutionalConventionThePhiladelphiaConvention(nowalsoknownastheConstitutionalConvention)tookplacefromMay25toSeptember17,1787,inPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,toaddressproblemsingoverningtheUnitedStatesofAmerica,whichhadbeenoperatingundertheArticlesofConfederationfollowingindependencefromGreatBritain.ThedelegateselectedGeorgeWashingtontopresideovertheconvention.TheresultoftheConventionwastheUnitedStatesConstitution.TheConventionisoneofthecentraleventsinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.ConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaTheConstitutiondefinesthethreebranchesofthenationalgovernment:alegislature,thebicameralCongress;anexecutivebranchledbythePresident;andajudicialbranchheadedbytheSupremeCourt.TheConstitutionspecifiesthepowersanddutiesofeachbranch.宪法序言美国宪法的序言只有一句话，由52个单词构成。WethepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectunion,establishjustice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefense,promotethegeneralwelfare,andsecuretheblessingsoflibertytoourselvesandourposterity,doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.我们合众国人民，为建立更完善的联邦，树立正义，保障国内安宁，提供共同防务，促进公共福利，并使我们自己和后代得享自由的幸福，特为美利坚合众国制定本宪法。ThegrowthofthenationLouisianaPurchaseTheexpandingofUnitedStatesThewarin1812MonroeDoctrineTheMonroeDoctrine,expressedin1823,proclaimedtheUnitedStates’opinionthatEuropeanpowersshouldnolongercolonizetheAmericasorinterferewiththeaffairsofsovereignnationslocatedintheAmericassuchastheUnitedStates,Mexico,andothers.Inreturn,theUnitedStateswouldnotinterfereinEuropeanaffairs.ThemainpointsTheEuropeancountriesoughtnottostartanynewcoloniesinNorthorSouthAmerica.TheEuropeancountriesoughtnottointerferewiththenewlyestablishedSouthAmericanrepublicsTheUnitedStatesoughtnottointerferetheaffairsofEuropeancountriesWesternMovementTime:theyearsfollowingtheendofthecivilwarin1965People:minersPurpose:seekforgoldandsilverPlace:RockymountainregionFamousfigures:hiredhorsemen-cowboysResults:IndiansarewithdrewandbuffaloweredestroyedThefirstsocialmovementSpurredbytheJacksondemocraticspirit,andworriedaboutthegrowingsocialinequality,thereform-mindedreligiousandsocialgroupslaunchedreformmovementsoneafteranotherfrom1830to1850,aperiodrememberedinAmericanhistoryasatimeofthefirstsocialmovement.

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