虚拟语气课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习

虚拟语气英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thefishisnotalive.祈使语气（theImperativeMood）用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Don’tbeworry.虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、多是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。真实条件句:如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气Iftimepermits,we’llgofishingtogether.

如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。虚拟条件句:如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。If从句主句现在haddone过去未来过去式（were）1.过去时2.should+V.3.weretodoWould/could/should/might+V原Would/could/should/might+havedone.would/could/should/might+V原if引导的虚拟条件句If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhewerefree,hewouldgowithyou.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。Ifhehadbeenthere,hecouldhaveseenthefilm2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.=Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形=Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,…….条件状语的省略倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,

Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,

wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented--Ifhe_________,he___________thatfood.--Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIfthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchild__________.A.wouldn’tbelyingtherefortwohoursB.wouldn’thavelaidtherefortwohoursC.wouldn’thaveliedtherefortwohoursD.wouldn’thavelaintherefortwohours_______theexam,hewouldhaveattendedacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.willWere

ittorain注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合/错综时间条件句):

有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

如果我是你，我就听从他的建议了。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果那些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）

Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词

suggest,advise,propose,order,command,demand,request,require,desire,insist,etc.后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，(should)+v原Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.

Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.我们都建议他先把作业做完。船长下令所有的水手马上开始工作。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.注意:当suggest表示“暗示，表明”insist表示“坚持认为、说”

HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistedthathewaswrongHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.不用虚拟！他的口音表明他来自湖南。我坚持说他错了。他坚持说做早操对身体有好处。It’ssuggested(proposed,advised,ordered,commanded,demanded,requested,requireddesired,decided,insisted,)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，(should)+v原.

It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)be

taughtatschools.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wear

schooluniformsatschool.命令是，学校只能教德语。要求所有的学生在校都要穿校服。以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。

order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire

以上这些动词的名词形式order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，(should)+v原.

Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.

Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossibleIt’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.wish引导的虚拟句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）Iwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatclausedid/werehaddonewould/might/woulddowish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangry

withme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach虚拟语气特殊句型：

wouldrather（that）现在/未来：过去：过去时过去完成时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:过去时过去完成时could/might/would+v原Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.她爱这个孩子，好像是自己的儿子似的。Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.他说话的样子好想他以前去过美国似的。HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

Itlooksasifyouaretired.注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken2.Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would3.It’s(about/high)time+that---过去时should+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！5.Ifonly要是就好了=Iwish现在：动词用过去式过去：动词用过去完成时将来：动词用would/could+动词原形IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.8.sothat与inorderthat

二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.9.用“maysb+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首Maygoodluck

be

yours!祝你好运！

Mayyou

be

happy!祝你快乐！

Mayyou

do

evenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Long

live

thepeople!人民万岁！

“God

bless

you,”saidthepriest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”4.without和butfor构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.7.otherwise和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.I’mgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?

含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:

1.条件暗含在短语中。如：

WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中)

Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中)

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含条件是butforyourhelp)

Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中)Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.(暗含条件是连词or)Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.(暗含条件是alone)2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

Yourreputationwouldberuined.(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

Youwouldn’tknow.你不会知道。

Iwouldliketocome.我愿意来。

Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。

Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样

1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.wouldn’t

D.benot

2Itisstrangethathe

so.

A.thinks

B.think

C.thought

D.willthink

3IwishI

myuncleyesterday.

A.met

B.havemet

C.wouldmeet

D.hadmet

4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment

before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished

5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthome

D.ifshehadleft7It’shightimehe

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

8

yousucceedand

youbehealthy.

A.May…may

B.Wish…wish

C.Hope…hope

D.Should…may

9Galileoinsistedthattheearth

roundthesun.

A.shouldmove

B.move

C.moves

D.AorB10IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto

12I’dratheryou____

methenews.

A.nottell

B.nottotell

C.didn’ttell

D.hadn’ttold

1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.

Iftheboyhadn’tgoneswimmingintheNo-swim