非谓语动词市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件

非谓语动词1/49

动词不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词称作非谓语动词，在句中能够起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当主语、表语、宾语、补语和状语。非谓语动词含有动词特征，能够有自己宾语、状语或逻辑主语。

2/49一、非谓语动词时态和语态不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词普通时tododoingdoingdone完成时tohavedonehavingdonehavingdone进行时tobedoing完成进行时tohavebeendoinghavingbeendoinghavingbeendoing3/49不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词普通被动式tobedonebeingdonebeingdone完成被动式tohavebeendonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone4/49二、复习难点1、分词有现在分词和过去分词，主要起副词和形容词作用，能够作状语、定语、补语和表语。（1）过去分词做表语与被动态中区分：过去分词作表语，表示主语状态，而被动语态中过去分词只表示一个被动动作。e.g.Thedoorislocked.(门是锁着。分词作表语，表示状态)Thedoorwaslockedbyhismother.（门是他妈妈锁。过去分词组成被动。）5/49（2）不定式、现在分词与过去分词做主语补语（表语）时区分：A.不定式和现在分词作主语补语时，意义上区分不大。e.g.Themostdifficultjobistocleanthegreasykitchen.Themostdifficultjobiscleaningthegreasykitchen.6/49B.现在分词和过去分词作主语补语区分：e.g.Thegamesoundsinteresting.(表示主语特征，惯用于事物。）Iaminterestedinthegame.(表示主语状态，多用于人。）7/49常见作主语补语现在分词和过去分词有：amused,amusing;astonished,astonishing;bored,boring;shocked,shocking;disappointed,disappointing;tired,tiring;confused,confusing;discouraged,discouraging;frightened,frightening;excited,exciting;frustrated,frustrating;amazed,amazing;interested,interesting;surprised,surprising;fascinated,fascinating;offended,offending;……8/49Exercises:1.Hisremarks_________Lisa.Shefelt________.Hisremarkswere________toher.(offend)2.Thelecture__________us.Wewere__________withthelecture.Thelecturewas__________.(bore)3.Math___________Ann.Annis__________bymath.Mathis___________.(frustrate)9/494.Thestory_________thechildren.Thechildrenwere_________bythestory.Thestorywas________.(amuse)5.Thefilm__________Jeff.Jeffwas__________.Thefilmwas___________.(confuse)6.Thelongjourney_________Jim.Jimwas__________afterthelongjourney.Thejourneywas__________.(tire)10/49(3)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语区分：A.不定式、现在分词和过去分词短语作定语区分：e.g.Thesearetheletterstobesentthisafternoon.(不定式，表示即将发生动作）Thewomansendingherchildrentoschoolismyhistoryteacher.(表示正在进行）We’vemetthedoctorssenttoworkherebythecityhospital.(表示已经发生动作。）11/49B.单个现在分词和过去分词都能够作前置修饰语来修饰名词，所表示动作，相当于一个定语从句，前者表示主动意义或进行，后者表示完成或被动意义。e.g.runningwater=waterthatisrunningadevelopingcountry=acountrythatisdevelopingfallenleaves=leaveswhichhavefallenthebrokenvase=vasethathasbeenbroken12/49C.普通情况下，分词短语结构作定语时，用后置修饰法。e.g.IhaveagoodfriendworkinginBeijing.ThewarfoughtbytheAmericansagainstIraqhasshownwhatamodernwarmeans.13/49Exercises:1.Isthisroad__________?(通往乡村学校）2.Ilikethepark____________.(建在湖边）3.Thereisabus_____________________.(行驶于学校和购物中心之间）4.Didyoureadtheinstructions_________________？(写在盒子上）5.Water______________(从这条河里取）israrelypureenoughtodrink.6.__________(冷冻）fooddoesn’ttasteasgoodasfreshfood.7.Those_____________(想去野营），pleasewritedownyournames.8.Tellthechildren________________(在外面玩）nottomaketoomuchnoise.14/49(4)动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词做宾补区分：A.不定式和现在分词做宾语补足语区分：e.g.Iheardhimtalkingtohismother.(现在分词表示正在进行）Iheardhimtalktohismotherforanhour.(不定式表示完成动作，全过程）有时候，用不定式和现在分词形式作宾补都能够，意义差异不大。e.g.Whenhewasaboy,heliketowatchcarscoming/comeandgoing/gointhestreet.15/49B.现在分词与及物动词过去分词做宾语补足语区分：e.g.Hetriedtostartthecargoing.(表示主动动作）Davidwillgethiscarwashed.(表示被动动作）C.少数几个不及物动词过去分词作宾补表示完成动作。e.g.Ihurriedthereonlytofindeverybodygone.16/49Exercises:1.HucksawTom________(drop)thebottleand______(break)it.2.Hefeltastone________(hit)hishead.3.Hehadtroublemakinghimself____________.(understand)4.Doyousmellsomething________.(burn)5.Nancykeptme__________(wait)foranhour.6.Jimkeptthedog___________(chain)up.7.Ifoundhim__________(peep)throughthekeyholewhenIhappenedtolookoutofthewindow.17/498.Afteracarefulsearch,theCustomsofficersdiscoveredthedrugs________(hide)insideaboxlabeled“confidential.”(机密）9.I’veneverseentheexpression_________(use)informalEnglish.10.IsawJack_________(wave)tomefromacrossthestreet.11.Hefelttears_________(run)downhischeekswhenhereadthestory.12.---Oh,howyoumakemejump!---Youdidn’thearme________(come)in,didyou?18/49(5)不定式和动名词做宾语区分：A.动词+带to不定式后面能直接用不定式动词有：want,agree,decide,aim,manage,wish,hope,ask,happen,like,love,choose,pretend,promise,continue,plan,learn,fail,expect,appear,seem,arrange,beg,conclude,dare,need,demand,offer,afford,prepare,refuse,design,intend,等e.g.Irefusedtoaccepthisexcuse.HeofferedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.【注】help之后动词不定式既可带to,也可不带to。continue之后既可带to不定式，也可跟动名词。19/49B.动词+动名词以下动词或短语动词只跟动名词作宾语，而不跟不定式：finish,enjoy,dislike,forgive,resist,advise,allow,admit,avoid,consider,delay,excuse,lookforwardto,listento,devoteto,be(get)usedto,objectto,stickto,giveup,insiston,imagine,include,keepon,keep,mind,miss,putoff,practise,risk,suggest,escape,appreciate,permit,can’thelp,can’tstand,feellike,forbid等e.g.Sheenjoyslisteningtolightmusicinhersparetime.HeusuallypractisesreadingEnglishaloudinthemorning.20/49C.动词+不定式或动名词以下动词后面既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词，而且意义相同：like,love,begin,start,continue,prefer等。e.g.Hecontinuedgoingoverhislessons.=Hecontinuedtogooverhislessons.但上述动词后跟不定式与后跟动名词有时也有不一样之处：用动名词往往表示普通或抽象屡次性行为，用不定式则表示详细或一次性动作。e.g.Shebegantoplaythepianohalfanhourago.Shealwaysbeginsplayingthepianoaftersupper.21/49D.一些动词既能够接不定式，又能够接动名词，但表示意义不一样。A）rememberIrememberlockingthedoor.(动名词动作发生在remember之前）Iremembertolockthedoor.(不定式动作还未发生）B）forgetIforgettellinghimaboutit.(动名词动作发生在forget之前）Iforgettotellhimaboutit.(不定式动作根本没发生）22/49C）tryItriedclosingthewindow.(表示试一试）Itriedtoclosethewindow.(表示设法）D）meanSuccessmeansworkingveryhard.(表示意味着）Johnmeanttodrivehere,buthiscarbrokedown.(表示企图，打算）E）regretIregretnothavingmarriedhim.(动名词动作先于谓语动词发生）Iregrettotellyouthatyoufailedintheexam.(不定式表示要发生动作）23/49F)preferIpreferwalking.我更喜欢步行。(动名词动作已经有经历，表示普通性抽象动作。）Iprefertocycletoday.我今天更喜欢骑车。(不定式动作晚于谓语动词，而且是详细动作。）G)chanceDickchancedclimbingMountJolmoLungmawithoutcarryingtheoxygencontainer.(表示冒险试试）Tomchancedtofindhislostbikeinfrontofastore.(表示恰巧）24/49H）goon,quit,stop后面-ing形式时宾语；不定式是状语，表示目标。Hewentonworkinginspiteofthenoisearoundhim.(尽管周围噪音很大，他仍不停地工作。）Hegaveusabriefingandwentontoshowusaroundthecampus.(做了简短介绍后，他接着带我们参观校园。）I）advise,allow,encourage,permit等东西后面带-ing形式作宾语，带不定式作宾语补语。Mr.Smithdoesn’tpermitgoingtosleepinclass.Mr.Smithdoesn’tpermithisstudentstogotosleepinclass.25/49J)Understand直接带-ing形式作宾语，也带“特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语。Ican’tunderstandyourreadingtheboringnovel.Ican’tunderstandhowtodivideanumberbyzero.Exercises:1.We’llsetoffassoonasitquits________.(snow)2.Atnoon,allstaffmembersquit________(have)anap.(小睡，打盹）3.AnnadvisedBill________(eat)morevegetableandthedoctoralsoadvised_________(have)abalanceddiet.26/494.Hetried_______(eat)sweetsinsteadof_______.(smoke)5.Ican’tunderstand__________(hold)meetingwithnopositiveresults.6.Doyouregret________(leave)yourhomeland_______(go)toaforeigncountry________(study)?7.Ourteacherencourages_________(use)calculators.Butmyfatherwouldlikeme________(do)themathexerciseswithout_______(use)thecalculators.8.Thedishesneed_______(reheat).Wouldyoumind________(attend)toit?9.Idon’tunderstandhow_______(put)thesepiecestogether.10.---Doyourparentsallow_______(stay)outlate?---No,theydon’tallowme________(stay)outafter10:00p.m..27/49(6)不定式、现在分词和过去分词作状语A.不定式和现在分词作状语区分：a)不定式通常表示意想不到结果，现在分词则没有这个意思。e.g.Hejumpedintothepooltosaveachildonly

tobreakhisownleg.(意外地折断了腿）Hejumpeddownfromtheburninghouse,breakinghislegs.b)不定式经惯用在形容词后面表示原因。e.g.Hewashappytoseehisparentsingoodhealth.Hewassurprisedtomeetahighschoolclassmateinthemountainvillage.28/49B.现在分词与过去分词作状语区分：分词作状语能够表示时间、条件、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等，普通与句子主体用逗号隔开。当分词放在句首时，多表示时间、原因、条件等状语，用以取代对应状语从句；当其放在句末时候，常表示结果、方式、伴随情况等。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，不然需要采取独立主格结构。比如：Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwentoutforawalk.Timepermitting,I’lltellyouanotherstory.【注】表示时间关系分词有时能够由连接词while或when等引出，也能够由if,though,asif等引出。e.g.Whileworkinginthefactory,Ilearnedalotfromtheworkers.Thoughpunished,hestillinsistedondoingso.

29/49a)现在分词含有主动意义。e.g.Seeingthateveryonewasbendingoverhis/herbook,westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.Followingitsfootprints,thezoologistsspottedthehungrypanda.b)过去分词含有被动意思，或者表示状态e.g.Seenthroughtheeyesofayoungfriend,Einsteinwasasimple,modestandordinaryman.Thepopsinger,followedbytwobodyguards,cametomeethisfans.Greatlyinterested,Iaskedhimtoshowmehowtocomposeasongwiththecomputer.30/49Exercises:1.（脱下湿衣服），hedriedthemoverafire.2.Thesunshinesbrightinthesky,(给我们光和热）。3.(被新闻记者包围着），Johnwastooexcitedtospeak.4.(假如放在冰箱里），thefruitcanremainfreshforalongtime.5.(不知道该说些什么），shekeptsilent.6.(感到很累），hewenttobedearly.7.(建于上一世纪)，thestonehouseistheoldestbuildinginourtown.8.(住在农村），wehavefreshvegetableseveryday.9.Hesatthereallafternoon,(观看电视上体育节目）。10.（被男孩子事迹深深感动），theydecidedtopayforhiseducation.31/49(7)不定式和动名词作主语区分：有时候不定式和动名词作主语在意思上区分不大e.g.ToknowallaboutEnglishisonething;toknowEnglishisquiteanother.KnowingallaboutEnglishisonething;knowingEnglishisquiteanother.Itisimpossibletogettherebeforedark.Itisimpossiblegettingtherebeforedark.32/49但在一些固定结构中不能交换，在以下结构中只能使用动名词。 beworth, havedifficulty(in), Itisnogood/nouse/worthwhile… Thereisnoneed/nopointin… Howabout/Whatabout… What’sthepointof… What’stheuseof…33/493、deserve,need,require,want后面跟主动语态动名词，但含义却是被动，相当于tobedonee.g.Themurdererdeserveshanging.(=Themurdererdeservestobehanged.)Yourwindowneedscleaning.(=tobecleaned)4、现在分词用于习惯用语，在句中没有逻辑主语，表示说话人对所说内容持有观点及态度。类似短语有：generallyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof,judgingfrom……e.g.Generallyspeaking,Englishisnotveryd