【课件】Unit+5+Learning+about+language+课件人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选择性必修一Unit5Mylifelongpursuitistokeepallthepeopleawayfromhunger.—YuanLongping

我毕生的追求是让所有人远离饥饿。——袁隆平Buildupyourvocabulary1Todealwiththiscrisis,hechosetostudyagriculture.2Heisaverygoodactorandhecommitshimselftoeveryrolethathetakeson.3YuanLongpingstronglybelievedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthe

creation

ofhybridrice.4YuanLongping,throughintenseeffort,solvedenormousdifficultiesanddevelopedthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarming.5Thishybridenabledfarmerstoincreasetheiroutputgreatly.6Studentsareencouragedtotryavarietyoffree-timeactivitiestoreducetheintensestressfromstudying.______________________________________________________________________________P.52leisuredevoteswasconvincedovercameexpandtackleP.521Thec___________ofapersonarethespecialqualitiesthatmakehimorherdifferent

fromothers.2Scientistsfromdifferentcountrieshavebeenpursuingvariouspossibilitiestoovercomefoods______.3Manyofusa______thatearthquakeswouldneverhappeninourarea.4Withmoreandmorefarmmachinesbeingusedinthefields,thec__________offuelhasbeenincreasing.5Newspapersshouldpaylessattentiontomediac________andmoreattentiontoournationalheroes.6Ourgeneralmanagertriedhisbesttohelpovercomethedifficultieswewerefacingduring

thefinancialc_____.7Mymotherisveryc_________andfindsithardtoacceptthemodernlifestylethatIenjoy.8Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoboosttheprogrammetog_______morenewjobs.characteristicsshortageassumeconsumptioncelebritiescrisisconventionalgenerateP.52tacklevisionconventionaldeepdownbecomprisedofrealityconsumptionAvastundergroundshelterbuiltduringWorldWarⅡhasbeenturnedintoanurbanfarm,supplyingsupermarketsandrestaurantsinLondon.Theshelter,whichcouldprotectupto8,000peoplefromwartimebombs,_____________twolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextensionoftheLondonUnderground.Butthatneverbecame

____and

theshelterwasleftfor70years.Thenbusinessmendecidedtomakeuseofittogrowgreenvegetablestomeetincreasing___________demands.

ThetunnelsarelitwithpinkLEDsasthereisnonaturallight__________belowtheground.Thevegetablesaregrowninspecialliquidsinsteadoftheearththatisusedasin____________farming.Manyexpertssharea______thatthiskindofurbanfarmingcouldhelpnotonlyin_______theproblemofpopulationgrowth,butalsoinadaptingtoclimatechange.iscomprisedofrealconsumptiondeepdownconventionalvisiontacklingP.53Discoverusefulstructures•WhatYuanLongpingreallycaredaboutwasnotmoneyorcelebrity.•ThatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofseawaterricesurprisedthewholeworld.•ItsurprisedthewholeworldthatYuanLongpinghadrealisedhisdreamofdevelopingseawaterrice.WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.(subject)(subject)(subject)However,whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.However,whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself-pollinatingplantssuchasricewasamatterofgreatdebate.P.53Discoverusefulstructures1________remainsanunansweredquestion.2________isanimportanttopicforustoresearch.3_________isthatthesechemicalsmayevencause

cancer.4________thesevegetablescanevenbeplanted

withoutanysoilthroughthisnewtechnology.5_________isthereasonwhysomepeopleprefer

toliveinthecountryratherthaninthecity.AWhatworriesmanypeopleBThatthelifestyleisslowerand

healthierCHowwecanfindasuitablesolution

toproducesufficientfoodwhile

keepingtheenvironmentsafeDWhenthesewheatfarmerswilljoin

thispilotexperimentEItamazedallofusthatDCAEB1这些小麦农户什么时候会加人试点实验仍然不得面知。2如何能够找到一个在保证环境安全的同时生产足够的粮食的合适的办法，是一个需要我们研究的重要课题。3令很多人担心的是，这些化学制品甚至可能致癌。4令我们所有人惊讶的是，通过这种新技术，甚至可以无土栽培这些蔬菜。5有些人宁愿住在乡下而不愿生活在城市的原因是乡下的生活节奏更慢、生活方式更健康。P.53Grandmahasbeencomplainingaboutthevegetablessoldinthesupermarket,whichhavebeengrownusingchemicalfertilisers.Toher,thattheylookbeautifulontheoutsideisobvious.However,whatsheisunhappyaboutisthelowernutritionalvalueandreducedflavour.Nowthatbothofmygrandparentshaveretiredfromtheirjobsinthecity,howtheyaregoingtospendtheirretirementisanimportantdecisionforthem.Whethertheycanliveahealthylifeisthefirstthingtheyareconsidering.Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomovetothecountryside,wheretheycanliveagreenlife.Grandmahasbeencomplainingaboutthevegetablessoldinthesupermarket,whichhavebeengrownusingchemicalfertilisers.Toher,thattheylookbeautifulontheoutsideisobvious.However,whatsheisunhappyaboutisthelowernutritionalvalueandreducedflavour.Nowthatbothofmygrandparentshaveretiredfromtheirjobsinthecity,howtheyaregoingtospendtheirretirementisanimportantdecisionforthem.Whethertheycanliveahealthylifeisthefirstthingtheyareconsidering.Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomovetothecountryside,wheretheycanliveagreenlife.P.53•his/herdeterminationtotacklethecrisisof…•his/herintenseefforttoovercome…•his/herdreamtodevelop…•his/herloveandcarefor…•he/shesucceededin…•he/shenevergaveup…•he/sheisdevotedto…WhatimpressesmemostisthatYuanLongpinghassucceededinhelpingtofeedsomanypeople.Itisimportantthathenevergaveup,despitemanydifficulties.Thathesucceededinrealisinghisdreamiswhatmakeshimgreat.名词从句分类英语中在句中起名词作用充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的主谓结构称名词从句。由于整个名词从句在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此很多教材将名词从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。但是，学习和使用名词从句的关键是判断用什么引导词引导名词从句，因而引导词的判断才是关键。本课件根据各种引导词引导的从句所表示的意思及引导词的特点对名词从句进行分类，这样更有利于广大中学生理解并掌握名词从句的重难点。一、表示事实和观点：只要从句表示事实或观点且引导词在从句中不充当成分就用that

A.

从句作主语①Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.(2016江苏)②Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimthathehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.(2012江西)③Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.(2009天津)④Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.

(2002上海春)(感叹是对事实的感叹，故表感叹的从句属于事实。但表事实的that在从句中不充当成分，

而what在从句中充当定语限定名词；how在从句中作程度状语修饰形容词)it替代主语从句的句式：A.It+系动词+名词+that从句:Itisnotthetruththathewasmurdered.B.It+vi.+(tosb.)+that从句:Itseemedthattheprojectwasagreatsuccess.C.It+系动词+形容词(tosb.)+that从句:Itisnecessarythateveryonemakesadifference.D.

It

+

vt.

+宾语+that从句:Itsurprisedusallthathefailedtowinthematch.E.

It+be+过去分词+that从句:Itisbelievedthattherewillbemoreconflictsintheworld.B.从句作宾语(how,what引导的是表示感叹的从句)①Itrulybelievethatbeautycomesfromwithin.

(2015北京)

我的确相信美丽源自于内心(这一观点)!②It’sgoodtoknowthatthedogswillbewellcaredforwhilewe’reaway.(2013山东)

得知我们外出时这些狗将会得到精心的护理是一件好事。③Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013北京)

专家相信人们只在必要的时候才购物就可以浪费更少的食物。④Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthat

hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.

(2012北京)⑤Havingcheckedthedoorswereclosed,andthatallthelightswereoff,theboyopenedthedoortohisbedroom.(2007湖南)⑥Theshockingnewsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011北京卷)(感叹)⑦Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.

千万不要让失败使你灰心，因为你可能永远不知道自己离成功有多近。(2013湖南)⑧Parentsaretaughttounderstandhowimportanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(2004广东)

C.从句作表语①Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(2016北京)雨季最令人愉悦的情况就是人可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰(这一事实)。②PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,wasthatitwasrather

closelymodeledonhisownlife.(2010北京)查尔斯·狄更斯喜爱他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是这本书几乎是以

他自己的真实生活为原型创作的。③Onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeisthatshecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.(2010上海)她更喜欢城市生活的原因之一是在城市里她容易找到像商店和餐馆这样的地方。④Whatmadetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春)

使该校骄傲的是该校90%以上的学生被重点大学录取了。D.从句作同位语(用于表示某种事实或观点的名词后)①Whiletheyarerarenorthof88,thereisevidence

thattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国I卷)②Themanagerputforwardasuggestion

thatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(2016天津)③Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief

thatyouarebetterthananyone

elseonthesportsfield.(2013浙江)达到最高水平的唯一的成功之路就是有在运动场上你比任何人都更棒的坚定的信念。④Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoonthatthemeetingwouldbepostponed.(2012江苏)⑤Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.(2012浙江)

⑥Whenthenewscamethatthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.(2011辽宁卷)⑦Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request

thattheschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(2009重庆)⑧Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.

(2009江西)⑨AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomethatImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.(2006安徽)⑩

Danbyleftwordwithmysecretarythathewouldcallagainintheafternoon.(2005浙江)二、表示疑问A.一般疑问：只要从句表示一般疑问(引导词在从句中不充当任何成分)就用whether或

if

(if多用于宾语从句，不用于位于句首的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)

a.从句作主语①Itisnotaproblemwhetherwecanwinthebattle;it’sjustamatteroftime.(2020·江苏卷)我们是否能赢得这场战斗不是问题；问题只是时间。②Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.

新成立的委员会的政策是否能实施还得拭目以待。(2013陕西)③Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.

(2012天津)④Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,butwhetherhereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.(2012安徽)⑤Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotel

ornot.(2011重庆卷)b.从句作宾语①Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakif/

whethershecoulddosoremotely.(2022年浙江1月)对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她演讲的组织者她是否可以远程进行演讲。

②We’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknowwhethershe’llacceptit.(2011山东卷)③Atfirst,hehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeifitgotanybetter.(2009北京)起初他讨厌这个新工作,但决定给自己几个月时间看看是否能感觉好点。c.从句作表语①Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

(2001上海春)②Thequestionremainswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.问题还是他们能否帮我们。d.从句作同位语(用于表示“问题”的question等名词后)①Thestudentaskedmethequestion

whetherthebookwasworthreading.

学生问了我那本书是否值得一读这一问题。②Yourquestion

whetheryou’llachieveyourdreamishardtoanswer.B.特殊疑问：引导词在从句中充当成分——代词作主语、宾语、表语、定语；副词作状语

(注意：wh-开头的引导词引出的从句与ask,not

sure,wonder等表示不确定意义的词语搭配时可

看作表示“疑问”，而与thisis,that’s等表示确定意义的词语搭配时可看作表示具体对象)

引导词用法疑问代词who引导词指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语whom引导词指人，在从句中作宾语whose引导词指人，在从句中作定语，表示其后的名词的物主what引导词指物或事，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语which引导词指物或人，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，表示限定范围的选择疑问副词when引导词指时间，在从句中作状语where引导词指地点，在从句中作状语why引导词指原因，在从句中作状语how1引导词指方式、方法，在从句中作状语，修饰动词，说明动词发生的方式how2引导词指程度，在从句中作状语，修饰形容词或副词，表示它们的程度说明：表示疑问的名词从句用正常语序，即谓语动词或助动词在主语后a.从句作主语①Whenthedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.(2014陕西卷)延误的航班何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气。②ExactlywhenthepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.

(2014全国大纲卷)③Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.(2012全国)

总统能采取什么措施来结束罢工这点完全不清楚。④Beforeaproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobviouswhattheproblemitselfis.(2011湖南卷)⑤Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.(2010浙江)⑥It’sprettywellunderstoodwhatcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmosphere

today.(2000上海)D.

It

+

vt.

+宾语+名词从句E.

It+vi.+(tosb.)+名词从句it替代主语从句的句式：A.It+系动词+形容词+名词从句B.It+系动词+名词+名词从句C.It+be+过去分词+名词从句b.从句作宾语①I'mnotsurewhoismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2018全国III卷)

②Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingwhereshewasheading.(2017北京)

③IwonderhowMaryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.(2015福建)④Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictoseewhatuseanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.

(2011重庆卷)⑤Wehaven’tdiscussedyetwherewearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.(2010全国Ⅰ)⑥Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyonwhohegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(2010四川)⑦Whenchanginglanes,adrivershouldusehisturningsignaltoletotherdriversknowwhich

laneheisentering.(2010上海)⑧Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfindingouthowfar

theycangowithanewteacher.(2008安徽)⑨Wecan’tfigureoutwhyquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)c.从句作表语(用于表示疑问等不确定意义的名词question,problem或名词从句后)①Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.

(2000上海)②Theproblemiswhowilltakechargeofthisshop.问题是谁将接管这家店铺。d.从句作同位语(用于表示疑问等不确定意义的名词question或haveany/noidea后)①—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea

whyhedidit;that'soneofhisfavouriteuniversities.(2014重庆卷)——昨天Mike拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取是真的吗？

——是真的，但我不知道他为什么这么做。那可是他最喜爱的大学之一。②TomorrowisTom’sbirthday.Haveyougot

anyidea

wherethepartyistobeheld?(2008陕西)③Doyouhaveanyidea

whatisactuallygoingonintheclassroom?(2005辽宁)三、表示具体对象：从句表示人和非人(物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式)等具体的对象(注意：wh-开头的引导词引出的从句与ask,not

sure,wonder等表示不确定意义的词语搭配时可

看作表示“疑问”，而与thisis,that’s等表示确定意义的词语搭配时可看作表示具体对象)

引导词用法连接代词who整个从句指特定的人，who在从句中作主语、宾语或表语what整个从句指物或事，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语连接副词when整个从句指时间，when在从句中作状语where整个从句指地点，where在从句中作状语why整个从句指原因，why在从句中作状语how整个从句指方式，how在从句中作状语，修饰动词，说明动词发生的方式说明：表示特指的人、物、事、时间、地点、原因、方式的名词从句用正常语序A.特指对象：引导词在从句中充当成分——代词作主语、宾语、表语、定语；副词作状语a.从句作主语①Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.

(2021全国I卷)这段经历让人叹为观止的东西是那些超凡脱俗的场景。②WhereLiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptit.(2015江苏)

中国的一位伟大的诗人李白出生的地方是众所周知的，但有些人不愿承认。③Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.(2015北京)

④Ithinkwhatimpressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.(2014·天津卷)

我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的东西是他使用的颜色。⑤Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.(2013重庆)

那部电影最打动我的东西就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。⑥

WhatIwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.(2013天津)我想对你说的内容是我对父母亲的深深的爱和尊重。⑦Itwasneverclearwhythemanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.(2011江苏卷)b.从句作宾语①Mentalhealthinvolveshowyouprocessthingssuchasstressandanxiety.(2022天津卷)心理健康包括你处理诸如压力和焦虑之类的事物的方式。②Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.这个可怜的老妇人不能给他提供她住的地方的任何信息。(2021年北京卷)③ThestudentcompletedthisexperimenttomakecometruewhatProfessorJosephhadsaid.那个学生完成了这个实验来让约瑟夫教授所说的东西变成现实。(2020天津卷)④Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethanwheretheygo.(2019北京卷)学生在大学里的作为(做的事)似乎比去上大学的地方更重要。⑤Readingherbiography,IwaslostinadmirationforwhatDorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.(2015陕西)

读了多丽丝•莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上取得的成就赞叹不已。⑥Theexhibitiontellsuswhyweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2015·四川)展览让我们明白了我们要采取措施来阻止空气污染的原因。⑦Theseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake

whatitis.(2007天津)⑧Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.(2004天津)⑨Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetatwhatIthoughtwasadangerousspeed.

(2004上海春)c.从句作表语①TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.(2023新高考II卷)②WhatpuzzlesLily'sfriendsiswhyshealwayshassomanycrazyideas.(2021年天津卷)令Lily的朋友们感到不解的是她总是有这么多疯狂的想法的原因。③ItseemedthatIhadbecomewhatmyparentshadwantedmetobe.(2021年天津卷)

似乎我当时已经成为了我父母希望我成为的那样的人。④Ashipinaharborissafe,butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.(2015安徽)

停放在海港里的船倒是很安全，但那可不是造船的目的。⑤Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’swhereIwasborn.”(2014四川卷)奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”⑥Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.(2014北京卷)⑦Iamafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.(2011山东卷)⑧—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.—That’swhereIdon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.

(2010江苏)⑨Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,whenitwassopoorlyequipped.(2005安徽)B.泛指对象(只能用“wh-代词+ever”，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语)

(指人用whoever，指物、事用whatever，表示限定范围的选择用whichever)

a.从句作主语①Everyyear,whoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.

(2017北京)②Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucando

helps.(2016北京)③Somepeoplebelievewhateverhashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.(2014北京卷)

有些人相信过去发生或现在正发生的任何事将来仍然会重现。④Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindow

willhavetopayforit.(2013江西)

不管是你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。⑤WhicheverteamwinsonSaturday

willgothroughtothenationalchampionships.(2006山东)表示泛指对象的名词从句的引导词用法whoever从句泛指所涉及的任何人，引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语whatever从句泛指所涉及的任何物或事，引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语whichever从句泛指或明或暗限定范围的物或人，引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语whosever从句泛指所涉及的某物的物主——任何人，引导词在从句中作定语b.从句作宾语①Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowhoeverwinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.(2018年天津卷)②Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedforwhateverhecouldfindabout

MarkTwain.(2012辽宁)③Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosewhicheversuitsyoubest.

(2012陕西)④Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.

(2012福建)⑤Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelptowhoeverwantstodothejob.(2009陕西)⑥CouldIspeaktowhoeverisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?(2009全国I)⑦

Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodowhatever

ittakestosaveherlife.(2009湖南)名词性从句引导词引导词类别引导词用法①表事实或观点that在从句中不充当成分，引导宾语从句可省略②表示一般疑问if在从句中不充当成分，一般只引导宾语从句whether在从句中不充当成分，引导各种名词从句③表示特殊疑问who/what等疑问代词

在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语(what,which)when,how等疑问副词在从句中分别作各种状语表示时间、程度等④表示特定对象who/what等连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语(what,which)when,where等连接副词在从句中分别作各种状语表示时间、程度等⑤表示泛指对象whoever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等表示任何人whatever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语表示任何物、事whichever在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语表示任何物、事说明：what和how可以表示感叹；表示疑问时，what没限定选择范围，which限定范围；

表示泛指的对象时，whatever没限定范围，而whichever或明或暗地限定了选择范围

名词性从句引导词的类别名词从句引导词用法引导词能否引导定语从句①表示事实或观点that能②表示一般疑问if/whether不能③表示特殊疑问who/what/when/etc.有的能，有的不能④表示人、物、时间等特定对象who/what等代词有的能，有的不能⑤表示人、物、事等泛指对象whoever,whatever等代词+ever不能引导词引导名词从句的用法引导定语从句的用法that连词，在从句中不充当成分在从句中充当代词能充当的成分if/whether连词，表“是否”，在从句中不充当成分不能引导定语从句who/what/etc.表示特殊疑问或特定的具体对象，充当成分仅能用who,whom,whose,which

when/where/how/etc.表示特殊疑问或特定的具体对象，充当成分

仅能用when,where,why

whoever等代词+ever(不表疑问)表示泛指的具体对象，充当成分

不能引导定语从句

as不能引导名词从句代词，thesame,such后或非限定从句练习：用适当的连词填空1.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.2.Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbewherewearenow.3.Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.4.Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobe

tomakethecycleworkonmostdays.5.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfofwhatitusedtocharge.6.WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.7.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigatewhatisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.8.Youhavetoknowwhereyou'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.9.Itisdifficultforustoimaginewhatlifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.10.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.11.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoingwhatyou'reafraidtodo.12.—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,Mum.Iamwhatyouhavemademe.

13.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence

thatplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.

14.Policehavefoundwhatappearstobethelostancientstatue.15.Whatmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.16.Scientistsstudyhowhumanbrainsworkt