外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-质量BotC企业网站的综合评估的一个索引系统

原文2AnIndexSystemforQualitySynthesisEvaluationofBtoCBusinessWebsiteABSTRACTItisimportantforsuccessfulelectronicbusinesstohaveahi-qualitybusinesswebsite.Soweneedanaccurateandeffectiveindexsystemtoevaluateandanalysesthequalityofthebusinesswebsite.Inthispaper,theevaluationindexsystemfollowingthe‘greybox’principleisproposedwhichconsidersbothefficiencyofbusinesswebsiteandperformanceofelectronicbusinesssystem.UsingR-Hierarchicalclusteringmethodtoextractthetypicalindexesfromsub-indexesistheoreticallyprovedtohavearationalityandeffectiveness.Finally,theevaluationmethodisbrieflydiscussed.CategoriesandSubjectDescriptorsTP393.4KeywordsBusinesswebsite;Evaluationsystem;R-Hierarchicalclustering;Systemperformance1.INTRODUCTIONBusinesswebsiteisanonlinemediabetweenbuyerandseller.Ahi-qualitywebsiteiscrucialtoacompanyforasuccessfule-business.Whatisahi-qualitybusinesswebsite?Intermsofmaintainingthewebsite,whatdowefocusonsothatthequalitymeetstheusers’needs?Apparently,usingclick-throughratetoassessthepopularitycannotobjectivelyandaccuratelyevaluatethequalityofthebusinesswebsites.Instead,weneedtorelyonscientificevaluationindexsystemandmethods.Atpresent,therearemanymethodsavailableforbusinesswebsitecomparisonorranking,suchasUsageRanking,PurchaseComparison,ExpertOpinionandSynthesisEvaluationetc.Youcanfindbothofficialauthorityandnon-governmentalorganizationthatissuetheirpowerranking.Theformeroneistomonitorandregulatethemarket,suchasCNNIC,whichorganizedthecompetitionfortheTopTenWebsitesindomestic.Thelatterone,suchasConsumerreports(www.consumerreports.org),BizRate(),ForresterResearchetc.,ismainlytoguidethewebusers’activity.Thesekindsofcomparisonorrankinghavespecialvalueingettingreputationandincreasingrecognitionofthebusinesswebsitesamongtheusers,however,e-businessenterprisecannotimprovethequalityoftheirwebsitesdirectlybasedontheresultsofthesekindsofassessments.ThemainpurposeofthispaperistodevelopanindexsystemforquantitativeevaluationoftheBtoCwebsites,whichdosenotemphasizetheincomeofthewebsitebutfocusonevaluatingofitssynthesisquality.Wehopethattheapplyingofthisindexsystemwillprovidethetechniquedevelopersandmaintainerssomereferencesfordesigning,appraisinganddiagnosingtheire-businesssystemtoimproveitsqualitylevel,andtosupportmanagerstomakedecisionsforoperationofthewebsites.2.OVERVIEWOFPREVIOUSSTUDIESComparingtothefastgrowingofe-businesswebsitesintheworld,currentlywecanrarelyfindtheparticularresearchonheevaluationindexsystemofbusinesswebsite.QEM(Thewebsitequalityevaluationmethod)proposedbyOlsinaandGodoyetc.in1999canbeconsideredasoneoftherepresentativeapproaches.Itbasedonthemainfactorstoevaluatethequalityofthewebsites,includingfunctionality(globalsearch,navigability,andcontentrelativity),usability(websitemap,addressesdirectory),efficiencyandreliability.In2000,Americanresearcher,PanlaSolaman,presentede-SERVQUALmodelbasedontheconventionalservicequalityevaluationmodelSERVQUAL.Itcontainssomefactorslikeefficiency,dealcompleteness,reliability,privacyprotection,responsiveness,recompenseandcontactetc.Inthesameyear,anotherAmericanresearcher,Hauler,introducedane-QUALmodelwhichincludesthefactorsofcontent,accessibility,navigability,designandpresentation,responsiveness,background,personalizationandcustomization,etc.In2004,F.J.MirandaGonzalezandT.M.BanegilPalaciosdevelopedanuniversalevaluationindexsystemWIS(WebAssessmentIndex)thatcanbeemployedtoassesswebsitesbydifferentorganizations.Itconsistsoffourindexesofaccessibility,navigability,speedandcontent.However,theuniversalindexsystemcannotmeasureawebsiteexactlyandabsolutelyduetotheindustryspecialty,organizationalcharacteristicsanddifferentusages.OneoftherepresentativeresearchesisMr.Itassessesthebusinesswebsitesbytestingifthedesignofthewebsitecoincideswiththeshoppingprocessofonlineconsumers.Thisstandardhasfivefactors,suchassearchandbrowse,merchandiseinformation,shoppingcart,registerandpay,serviceandsupport.Anotherindexsystemforsmallandmediumbusinesswebsitescoversthefactorsofgeneralfeatures,design,promotion,informationandtheothers.Herewelistourmajorfindingsfromthepreviousresearches:2.1UnreasonableSelectionoftheIndexSomeresearchconsidernotonlytheoriginaldesignbutalsothefactorssuchaspromotionandincomeofbusinesswebsite.Someevaluationsystemshavecorrelativeorcontradictiveindexes.Forexample,itconsidersthedownloadspeed,atthesametime,itrequiresthewebdesignersnottoexcessivelyuseflashandsoundstoslowdownthespeed.2.2UnilateralEvaluationMostoftheresearchtakestheusers’viewtoevaluatethefunctionanddesignofwebsite.Ittreatsthebusinesssystemasa‘blackbox’andignorestheimpactofsystemperformanceonthewebsitesquality.Butconsideringthefactorsofsystemperformancealoneisalsonotacompleteevaluationforimprovingservicequalityofwebsite.2.3LackofaCompleteSetofQualitySynthesisEvaluationSystemAcompletesetoftooltoevaluatethewebsitesmustincludethefollowingimportantelements:categories,factors,weights,rankingsstandardandassessmentmodel.Sofar,wehavenotseenanyliteraturediscussingcompletesetofevaluationindexsystemaimingatthequalityofBtoCwebsites.3.PRINCIPLEFORTHEQUALITYSYNTHESISEVALUATIONFirst,thethreefundamentalprinciplesweneedtofollowaretobecomprehensive,tobescientificandtobefeasible.Weshouldevaluateallthefacetsofthewebsitefromdifferentdimensionsandavoidmissingvalueofimportantfactors.Moreover,thedefinitionoftheevaluationindexshouldbeaccurate，objectiveandlogicalsoitcaneliminatetheimpactontheevaluationresultbroughtbythecorrelativeindexes.Concurrently,weneedreducethequantityofindexesoradoptthesimpleoneswhichdataiseasiertobecollected,andpreventfromcomplicatedcalculationduetotheexcessiveindexes.Themainpurposeofimprovingbusinesswebsitesistoservetheusersbetter.Theyareconcernedonlyaboutthewebsites’externalattributes,suchascontent,function,presentationandbrowsespeed,etc.So,evaluatingonlybytakingtheirviewscannotdirectlyguidetodevelop,maintainandadministratethewebsite.Justliketreatingthepatient’ssymptombutnotthediseaseitself,thetechniquedeveloperormaintainercannotradicallyimprovethequalityoftheirwebsitesbycorrectingsystemstructureandwebdesignaccordingtotheevaluationresult.Onlyafterweadoptthe‘greybox’indexsystemthatconsidersbothefficiencyofbusinesswebsiteandperformanceofe-businesssystem,wecanestablishaqualitysynthesisevaluationindexsystemtobenefitthemanagementofBtoCwebsites.4.QUALITYEVALUATIONINDEXESFORBUSINESSWEBSITESelectionofindexitemslaysdownthefoundationforconstructingevaluationindexsystem.Afterwethoroughlyanalyzetheevaluationobjectivesbasedonthecharacteristicsofbusinesswebsite,weproposeaninitialindexsystemincludes5categoriesandtotally28indexitemsshowninthefollowingTable1.Websiteself-adaptabilityreferstocapabilityofe-businesssystemintelligentlyprovidingpersonalizedserviceanddynamicoptimizingsystemperformance.SystemEfficiencyreferstotheabilitythatthesystemresponsequicklytotherequestsofnumbersofwebusers.Itcanbemeasuredthroughvaluesofsomequantitativeindexes,suchasresponsetime,throughputorutilizationrate,etc.5.OPTIMIZINGTHEEVALUATIONINDEXEItisnecessaryforourinitialevaluationsystemtooptimizeifitcanbeappliedinpractice.First,theindexesaremoreorlesscorrelativewhichwillaffectstheobjectivenessoftheevaluation.Second,therearetoomoreindexesthatwillresultinlowerefficiency.Therefore,wetrytoextractandsimplifytheindexesbyusingR-Hierarchicalclusteringmethod.Generally,Rindicatesthecoefficientofcorrelationbetweentwoitems.R-Hierarchicalclusteringmethodisusuallyappliedtoclustertheindexes.Thestepsaredescribedasfollowing.5.1CalculateCoefficientofCorrelationandClusteringItfirstlytreatseveryindexasonecluster.So,wehave28clusters.Then,coefficientofcorrelationiscalculatedbetweeneverytwoclustersbyminimum-distancemethod.Next,thetwoclusterswiththemaximalcoefficientofcorrelationareclusteredintoanewone.Thesameprocessisrepeateduntilalltheindexesareclusteredintoone.5.2AnalyzetheClusteringProcessandDetermineClustersWeanalyzethevariationofminimumcoefficientofcorrelationduringtheclusteringprocesstofindtheleappoints.Accordingtothenumberofleappointsandtheknowledgeofspecialfield,wecaneventuallydeterminehowmanyclustersweneed.ThewholeprocessisillustratedinthefollowingFigure1.FollowingtheprincipleofsimplificationandfeasibilityandconsideringthecharacteristicsofBtoCwebsite,weclusterthe28indexitemsinto10.Theprecisionrateisover0.75.5.3CalculateCorrelationIndexandExtracttheRepresentativeIndexesFirst,wecalculatethecorrelationindexthatistheaverageofRbetweenoneindexandeveryotherindexinthesamecluster.一个公式miinthisformulaisthenumberoftheindexesintheclusterthatindexXjbelongsto.Then,weselecttheindexwiththemaximalcorrelationindexinthetotal10clustersindividuallyandidentify10ofthemasthemostrepresentativeindexes.Finally,theweightsoftheindexesarederivedbytheexpertgrademethod.Thefinalindexesandtheirweightsareshowninthefollowingtable2.6.CONCLUSIONInthispaper,wehaveproposedanindexsystemforqualitysynthesisevaluationanddiagnosisoftheBtoCwebsitesfollowingthe‘GreyBox’evaluationprinciple,andscientificallydeterminedandsimplifiedtheindexitems.Usually,factoranalysisorprincipalcomponentanalysisisusedtosolvetheproblemofcommon-factorandmultipleindexes.Butthesemethodsareonlysuitableforthequantitativeindexes,andtheevaluationprocessisnottrulysimplified.Becausethenewindexisthelinearfunctionofsomeoriginalones,itstillneedstocalculatethevalueofnewindexesbycollectingallthevaluesoftheoriginalones.Inourindexsystem,mostofindexisdescriptiveone.SowehavefinalizedtheindexesbyusingtheR-Hierarchicalclusteringmethod.Itreallyhasreducedthenumberoftheevaluationindexeswithoutlosingthemajorinformationfromtheoriginalindexes.Furthermore,ithaseffectivelyavoidedtheimpactofcommon-factorsontheevaluationresult.Onlytheindexofsystemefficiencycanbemeasuredthroughquantitativesub-indexessuchasresponsetime,etc.Mostofdepictiveindexesaresubjectiveandfuzzy.Inviewofthis,weshouldusefuzzycomprehensiveanalysismethodtoevaluatetogetmoreefficiencyresult.InourfutureworkweareintendedtoproposeanevaluationmodelandconductevaluationtosomefamousdomesticBtoCwebsitestoproveifthisindexsystemisscientificandfeasible.Moreover,wewillimprovethissetofindexsystemincludingevaluationmodeltomakethewholesetofindexsystemmorefeasibility.

译文2质量BotC企业网站的综合评估的一个索引系统摘要：对于成功的电子商业来说，拥有一个高质量的商务网站是很重要的。因此，我们需要一个准确有效的评价指标体系来衡量分析商务网站的质量。此论文在全面考虑了商务网站的效率和电子商务系统的性能提出了基于灰盒原则建立的评价指标体系。R型系统聚类的网站质量评价指标优化方法已被证实是一种从三级指标中提取典型指标的合理有效方法。最后，笔者简略地讨论了这种评价方式。关键词：商务网站，评价体系，基于R型系统聚类的网站质量评价指标优化，系统性能1.介绍商务网站是一个介于买卖双方的网上沟通媒介。对于想要获得成功电子商务事业的公司来说，一个高质量的网站是十分关键的。怎么才是一个高质量的商务网站呢？就维持运行网站而言，为满足用户的需要，我们最需要关注的是什么？显然，仅通过点击率评价一个网站的受欢迎度并不是一个客观精确的方法来衡量商务网站的质量。反而，我们需要的是科学的评价指标体系和方法。现下，有很多可利用的方式来比较与排名商务网站，例如使用排名，购买比较，专家意见，综合评估等等。既有官方机构又有非官方组织发布了他们的实力排行。前者主要是监督调节市场，比如中国互联网络信息中心（其在国内组织竞赛评选十大影响力网站）。而后者的功能是引导网站用户的活动。例如Consumerreports(www.consumerreports.org),BizRate(),ForresterResearch等等。这种类型的比较和排名能够帮助商务网站在用户中树立名望和增加认知度，但是电子商务公司并不能直接依靠这些评估结果来提高他们的网站质量。本文的主要目的就是为电子零售网站的定量评估建立一个指标体系，这个体系并不是强调网站的收入高低，而是关注网站的综合质量。我们希望通应用这个指标体系，可以促进技术发展以及提供一些参考用于网站的设计，评估和诊断，以此达到提高网站质量水平，帮助管理者抉择网站的运行。2.早期研究概要相较于当今世界上的电子商务的高速发展，现今我们几乎很难找到商务网站的评价指标体系的特定研究。由Olsina和Godoy等人于1999年提出的网站质量评估方法可被认为一种较为典型的评估方式。这个评估方式主要从函数性（全球研究，可靠性和内容相对论），可用性（网站视图，地址目录），效能和可靠性等作为主要因素来评价网站的质量。2000年，美国学者PanlaSolaman，基于传统的服务质量评估模型“服务质量”提出的“电子服务质量”模型。其包括了一些因素，例如效能，协议完整性，可靠性，隐私保障，回应性，赔偿和接触等。同一年，另一位美国研究者Hauler提出了另一种电子服务质量模型，其中包括了内容，可达性，可航性