重庆市重庆市2022-2023学年高一下学期6月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

重庆缙云教育联盟2022-2023学年(下)期末质量检测高一英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚;2.每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，在试卷上作答无效;3.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回;4.全卷共9页，满分120分，听力部分另行测试，考试时间100分钟。第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWheretoEatinBangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodlovers.Ithasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptions.HerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventure.NahmOfferingThaifinedining.NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹饪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(场所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods. B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs. D.Theyarebasedinhotels.2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan. B.Bo.lan. C.IssayaSiameseClub. D.Nahm.3.WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia. B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes. D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLoodon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.(主厨大卫·汤普森(DavidThompson)在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题IssaysStameseClub下的段落中“IssayaSiameseClubisintematoionallyknowThaicheflanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.(IssayaSiameseClub是国际知名的泰国厨师lanKittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知，Nahm和IssayaSiameseClub的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Bo.tan下的段落中“Forthoseextremelyhungrythere’salargesetmenu.(对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知，Bo.tan提供大型套餐。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.(在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。【点睛】BInthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof“likes”andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(关系浅表的)friends.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,”saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate.“Theresearchshowsthatolderadults’smallernetworksdon’tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,”saidBruinedeBruin.4.Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey______.A.havefriendsofhugequantity B.haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC.havealotoffollowersonsocialmedia D.makefriendswitholderpeople5.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A.Olderpeople’sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B.Youngerpeopledon’tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C.Olderpeople’shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D.Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.6.WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A.Sad. B.Happy. C.Lonely. D.Concerned7.Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?ADifferenttypesoffriendsinone’slife.B.Changesinpeople’shappinesslevels.C.Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D.Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们在拥有的朋友质量高而不是数量多时更快乐。研究发现有着少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐，而且孤独与朋友数量关系不大，与和朋友相处的感觉关系较大。但对于老年人来说，他们的幸福感和对孤独的看法却不太受社交圈大小的影响。【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第二段第三句提到“Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial（关系浅表的）friends.（研究人员发现，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有着大量肤浅朋友的人更快乐。）”可知，那些有少数亲密朋友的人通常比那些有许多关系浅薄的朋友的人更快乐。故选B项。2.推理判断题。根据第四段“Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.（他发现，老年人的社交圈往往比年轻人小，但社交圈里的人往往与他们更亲近。他还发现，年轻人往往有更大的社交圈，这些社交圈由“外围人”组成——这些人不是他们真正的朋友，只是他们认识的人。这些人对他们的幸福没有影响。）可知，研究发现，尽管较年长的人的社交圈比年轻人小，但圈子里的人往往和他们之间的关系更亲密。由此可知，较年长的人的朋友质量更高。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据最后一段BruinedeBruin的话中的“Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults（事实上，老年人往往比年轻人更幸福。）”可知，她认为较年长的人往往比年轻人的幸福感更强。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappiestwhentheirfriendsarehighquality-nothighquantity.（但事实证明，人们最快乐的时候是他们的朋友质量高，而不是数量多）”可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于人的幸福感与其朋友数量和质量的关系的研究。研究发现，影响一个人幸福感的并非是其拥有朋友的数量，而是其朋友的质量。故选D项。CAscitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant’sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“listeningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.8.Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A.Pocketparksarenowpopular. B.Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C.Manycitiesareoverpopulated. D.Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.9.Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A.Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers. B.Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C.Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark. D.Tofindpatternsinthevisitors’summaries.10.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph5?A.Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.11.WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A.Languagestudy. B.Environmentalconservation.C.Publiceducation. D.Interculturalcommunication.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的野生自然。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段内容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(编码)experiencesintodifferentcategories.(他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分类，再根据第四段“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.(在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目的。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.(命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit,”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.(“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。DAgrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(肠)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.12.WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A.ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B.Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C.Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D.Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.13.Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A.Bycontrollingdata. B.Byidentifyinggenes.C.Byanalyzingsamples. D.Bycomparingsymptoms.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A.Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B.TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C.CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D.ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AGutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B.Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C.Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D.NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是强烈的疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”可知，慢性疲劳综合症是一种有全身性症状的疾病。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(粪便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.(哥伦比亚大学和杰克逊实验室的研究小组对慢性疲劳综合症患者粪便样本中的微生物进行了详细分析，并将其与健康对照进行了比较)”可知，研究人员通过分析样本进行的研究。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.(杰克逊实验室团队的类似发现表明，产生丁酸盐的细菌可以用来诊断慢性疲劳综合症)”；倒数第二段“Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.(如果这些发现被复制，特定的肠道细菌可以用来诊断疾病，目前仅根据症状来识别疾病)”以及最后一段“Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.(研究结果还指出了可能的治疗方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群为重点的饮食调整——尽管长期患病的患者可能需要药物来减轻对新陈代谢或免疫系统的损害)”可知，A选项“促进丁酸盐的多种功能”不是研究的意义。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃肠道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(越来越多的研究表明，肠道微生物群可能在越来越多的慢性疾病中发挥重要作用，这些疾病会使我们的身体变得更弱。这种疾病通常被称为慢性疲劳综合征（CFS），其特征是剧烈疲劳、胃肠道问题、肌肉疼痛和认知挑战，如头痛和注意力不集中等症状)”结合文章介绍了一项研究开展的过程以及其研究发现的意义可知，这篇文章的主要讲述肠道微生物群可能是慢性疲劳综合症的关键。故选A。第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning._____16_____Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining,thoseextranucleiaren’tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Theyareretained(保留),essentiallywaitingtobereactivated.Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon(马车)duringthepandemic,don’tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity._____17_____Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.Itdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas,howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising._____18_____Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity._____19_____Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport._____20_____Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了运动中肌肉记忆这一现象，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆就会储存得越多。即使健身中断，当重新健身，还是有明显的优势的。【16题详解】下文“Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.(这是一种现象，以前训练过的肌肉在一段时间不使用后获得力量)”是从生理学对运动作的一个定义。结合选项，B项“Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.(另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它)”引起下文，语意一致。故选B。【17题详解】前文“Ifyoufelloffthefitnesswagon(马车)duringthepandemic,don’tbefrustrated.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.(如果你在疫情期间放弃了健身计划，不要沮丧。一旦你有了额外的核，你就储存了容量)”介绍如果健身计划中断，也没有关系。下文“Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoregainyourformerfitness.(事实上，最近的一项研究表明，不到八周的再训练就能恢复你以前的健康)”介绍如果中断健身以后，不到八周的再训练就能恢复你以前的健康。结合选项，A项“Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.(进入这种状态的最好方法是“重新开始”)”承接上文的“因为疫情放弃了健身计划”，所以要重新开始，启下“重新开始很快就能恢复以前的状态”。故选A。【18题详解】下文“Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.(这意味着当你恢复到以前的健康水平时，你仍然有明显的优势)”介绍即使健身中断，当重新健身，还是有明显的优势的。结合选项，G项“Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.(所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对那些放弃健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的)”与后文之间为前后照应关系，鼓舞人心的是：当你恢复到以前的健康水平时，你仍然有明显的优势。故选G。【19题详解】前文“Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.(恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度)”介绍恢复肌肉记忆的具体方法。结合选项，E项“Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.(一般来说，每一两周增加5%的这些元素是安全的)”仍为恢复肌肉记忆的具体方法，为细节的延续。故选E。【20题详解】前文“Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.(最终，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报)”介绍肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动所付出的所有努力的回报。结合选项，F项“Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.(很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆就会储存得越多)”为前文的同义句，努力越多，回报越多；锻炼越多，肌肉记忆就会储存得越多。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IzziDymalovskiisayounggirlfromMelbourne,Australia.Attheearlyageofjusteight,sheaskedhermotherifshecouldusesomeofherskincareproductsto___21___makeupafterherdanceperformance.Hermothersaidthattheproductsweremeantforadults___22___thechemicalstheycontained.Theywerenot___23___foryounggirlswhowerestilldeveloping.Izzi’smother___24___thatsheshouldusebabyproductsinordertocleanmakeup.However,itwasnotsatisfyingtousebabyproductsforyoungkids.Izziwasabit___25___.Izzi’smothergaveasuggestiontoherdaughter:allowtimeandmakea(n)___26___tocreateherownskincareproducts.Theproductformulas(配方)couldbe___27___usingingredients(成分)thatweresafeforkids.Izziimmediatelyjumpedintoactionandbeganworkingonthelogo,brand,andevenpackaging___28___.ThenIzzicreatedafacewash,bodywashandfacemoisturizer.Attheageofthirteen,she___29___herownskincareline.Later,shebecameayoungentrepreneur(企业家).Bydoingso,Izzichangedanunhappyexperienceintoanamazing____30____.Atpresent,her____31____sellwellonline.Manyteenswantto____32____differentjobswhenpossible.Insteadof____33____thesamesummerjobeachyear,tryfillingyourtimewithotherdifferentwork.Ifyou’rereally____34____,tryyourhandatstartingyourown____35____andbecomingateenentrepreneur.21.A.cover B.improve C.protect D.remove22.A.inspiteof B.dueto C.exceptfor D.regardlessof23.A.suitable B.effective C.necessary D.practical24.A.requested B.complained C.regretted D.advised25.A.embarrassed B.delighted C.upset D.puzzled26.A.reply B.effort C.agreement D.promise27.A.designed B.discovered C.copied D.refused28.A.honestly B.actively C.gratefully D.proudly29.A.launched B.imagined C.recorded D.valued30.A.task B.habit C.dream D.career31.A.products B.collections C.books D.pictures32.A.observe B.judge C.explore D.abandon33.A.applyingfor B.troublingwith C.reactingto D.cheeringfor34.A.young B.brave C.careful D.generous35.A.performance B.course C.business D.duty【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.B29.A30.D31.A32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了IzziDymalovski在妈妈建议下，推出了自己的护肤品系列，成为了一名年轻的企业家的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她八岁的时候，她问母亲是否可以在她的舞蹈表演后用一些护肤品来卸妆。A.cover覆盖；B.improve改进；C.protect保护；D.remove去除，移除。由下文“Izzi’smother4thatsheshouldusebabyproductsinordertocleanmakeup.”可知，Lzzi这里是想“卸妆”。故选D项。【22题详解】考查介词词组辨析。句意：她的母亲说，由于它们含有化学物质，这些产品是为成年人准备的。A.inspiteof尽管；B.dueto由于；C.exceptfor除…以外；D.regardlessof不管，不顾。由下文“Theywerenot3foryounggirlswhowerestilldeveloping.”可知，护肤品的成分使得它们适用于成年人，而dueto引出可以给成年人使用的原因，符合语境。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们不适合仍在发育中的年轻女孩。A.suitable合适的；B.effective有效的；C.necessary必要的；D.practical实际的。由下文“younggirlswhowerestilldeveloping”可知，这种含化学物质的产品“不适合”正在发育的年轻女孩子。benotsuitablefor意为“不适合...”，符合句意。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Izzi的妈妈建议她应该使用婴儿用品来清洁化妆品。A.requested要求；B.complained抱怨；C.regretted遗憾；D.advised建议。由下文“should”和“asuggestion”可知，上文是在提“建议”。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Izzi有点不高兴。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.delighted高兴的；C.upset悲伤的；D.puzzled困惑的。由上文“However,itwasnotsatisfyingtousebabyproductsforyoungkids”可知，Izzi有点伤心；再从下文“Bydoingso,Izzichangedanunhappyexperienceintoanamazing10”也可知，这里应表示她有点“悲伤”。故选C项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Izzi的母亲给了女儿一个建议：慢慢来，努力创造自己的护肤品。A.reply回答；B.effort努力；C.agreement同意；D.promise承诺。由下文“createherownskincareproducts”可知，她妈妈建议她“努力”打造自己的护肤品。makeaneffort意为“努力”，符合语境。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：产品配方可以使用对儿童安全的成分设计。A.designed设计；B.discovered发现；C.copied抄写；D.refused拒绝。由下文“usingingredients(成分)thatweresafeforkids”以及结合语境可知，新“设计”的产品配方成分应该对孩童无害。故选A项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Izzi立即行动起来，开始积极地设计标志、品牌，甚至包装。A.honestly诚实地；B.actively积极地；C.gratefully感激地；D.proudly骄傲地。由上文“jumpinto(急于做某事；开始投入)”可知，她是非常“积极的”做这些事。故选B项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：13岁时，她推出了自己的护肤品系列。A.launched推出（新产品）；B.imagined想象；C.recorded记录；D.valued估量。由下文“herownskincareline”以及结合语境可知，她“推出了”自己的护肤品系列。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，Izzi将一段不愉快的经历变成了一份令人惊叹的职业。A.task任务；B.habit习惯；C.dream梦想；D.career事业。根据上文“Later,shebecameayoungentrepreneur”可知，Izzi成就了自己的“事业”。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，她的产品在网上卖得很好。A.products产品；B.collections收藏；C.books书；D.pictures图片。根据上文“Attheageofthirteen,she9herownskincareline”可知，所以这里应指的是她的“产品”。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多青少年想尽可能去探索不同的工作。A.observe观察；B.judge判断；C.explore探索；D.abandon放弃，舍弃。由上文“she9herownskincareline”以及结合语境可知，作者这里建议其他青少年也可以“探索”新工作。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：与其每年申请同一份暑期工作，不如试着用其它不同的工作来打发时间。A.applyingfor申请；B.troublingwith麻烦；C.reactingto对...作出反应；D.cheeringfor为...庆祝。由下文“tryfillingyourtimewithotherdifferentwork”可知，作者这里不建议每年都“申请”同一份暑期工。故选A项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你真的很勇敢，试着自己创业，成为一名青少年企业家。A.young年轻的；B.brave勇敢的；C.careful仔细的；D.generous慷慨的。由下文“tryyourhandatstartin