DB1306T 234-2023绵羊热应激防控技术规程

ICS65.020.30CCSB43DB1306保定市市场监督管理局发布2DB1306/T234—2023本文件按照GB/T1.1-2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利,本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由保定市农业农村局提出并归口。本文件主要起草单位：河北农业大学动物科技学院。本文件主要起草人：高玉红、孙新胜、张会文、宋连杰、王晓芳、周英昊、符乐、孙瑞臣、李伯森田军、郝云武。3DB1306/T234—2023绵羊热应激防控技术规程本文件规定了绵羊热应激的术语和定义、评价方法及防控措施。本文件适用于绵羊养殖场、户。2规范性引用文件下列文件的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。NY/T388畜禽场环境质量标准NY5027无公害食品畜禽饮用水水质DB13/T556舍饲养羊技术规范3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1绵羊热应激sheepheatstress机体应对高温高湿环境而产生的一系列非特异性生理应答反应总和。3.2温湿指数temperatureandhumidityindex环境温度和湿度相结合用于评价热应激程度的综合指标。羊舍环境温湿指数的计算公式：THI=0.81×T+(0.99×T-14.3)×RH+46.3式中：THI——温湿指数；T——平均环境温度(℃);RH——平均湿度（%）。4热应激程度的评价方法4.1按羊舍温湿指数评价绵羊热应激主要受舍内环境温度和湿度的影响，热应激程度一般采用羊舍环境温湿指数评价。当温湿指数为71.5时，开始出现热应激反应。根据夏季的气候条件，羊舍温湿指数和热应激程度见表1。4DB1306/T234—2023临界热应激：71.5≤THI≤72.1；轻度热应激：72.1<THI≤74.8；中度热应激：74.8<THI≤84.5；重度热应激：THI>84.5。表1温湿度指数(THI)与温度、湿度对应表温度(℃)相对湿度（%）303540455055606570758085909510022.071.622.571.772.172.523.071.772.172.573.073.423.571.672.072.572.973.473.874.324.071.872.372.873.373.874.274.775.224.571.672.172.673.173.674.174.675.175.676.125.071.772.272.873.373.874.474.975.475.976.577.025.571.872.472.973.574.074.675.175.776.276.877.377.926.071.872.473.073.674.274.775.375.976.577.177.678.278.826.571.872.473.073.774.374.975.576.176.777.377.978.579.179.727.071.872.473.073.774.374.975.676.276.877.578.178.779.380.080.627.571.772.373.073.674.375.075.676.376.977.678.278.979.580.280.881.528.071.572.272.973.674.274.975.676.377.077.678.379.079.780.481.081.782.428.572.072.773.474.174.875.576.377.077.778.479.179.880.581.281.982.683.329.072.573.374.074.775.476.276.977.678.479.179.880.681.382.082.783.584.229.573.073.874.575.376.076.877.678.379.179.880.681.382.182.883.684.385.130.073.574.375.175.976.677.478.279.079.880.581.382.182.983.784.485.286.030.574.074.875.676.477.278.078.979.780.581.382.182.983.784.585.386.186.931.074.575.476.277.077.878.779.580.381.282.082.883.784.585.386.187.087.831.575.075.976.777.678.479.380.281.081.982.783.684.485.386.187.087.888.732.075.576.477.378.279.079.980.881.782.683.484.385.286.187.087.888.789.632.576.076.977.878.779.680.581.582.483.384.285.186.086.987.888.789.690.533.076.577.578.479.380.281.282.183.084.084.985.886.887.788.689.590.591.433.577.078.078.979.980.881.882.883.784.785.686.687.588.589.490.491.392.334.077.578.579.580.581.482.483.484.485.486.387.388.389.390.391.292.293.234.578.079.080.081.082.083.084.185.186.187.188.189.190.191.192.193.194.135.078.579.680.681.682.683.784.785.786.887.888.889.990.991.992.994.095.035.579.080.181.182.283.284.385.486.487.588.589.690.691.792.793.894.895.936.079.580.681.782.883.884.986.087.188.289.290.391.492.593.694.695.796.836.580.081.182.283.384.485.586.787.888.990.091.192.293.394.495.596.697.737.080.581.782.883.985.086.287.388.489.690.791.893.094.195.296.397.598.637.581.082.283.384.585.686.888.089.190.391.492.693.794.996.097.298.399.538.081.582.783.985.186.287.488.689.891.092.193.394.595.796.998.099.238.582.083.284.485.686.888.089.390.591.792.994.195.396.597.798.939.082.583.885.086.287.488.789.991.192.493.694.896.197.398.599.739.583.084.385.586.888.089.390.691.893.194.395.696.898.199.340.083.584.886.187.488.689.991.292.593.895.096.397.698.940.584.085.386.687.989.290.591.993.294.595.897.198.499.7临界热应激41.084.585.987.288.589.891.292.593.895.296.597.899.2轻度热应激41.585.086.487.789.190.491.893.294.595.997.298.699.9中度热应激42.085.586.988.389.791.092.493.895.296.697.999.3重度热应激5DB1306/T234—20234.2按呼吸频率评价绵羊正常呼吸频率为16~28次/分钟，当呼吸频率为38~63次/分钟，绵羊处于轻度热应激状态；当呼吸频率为64~153次/分钟，绵羊处于中度热应激状态；当呼吸频率超过153次/分钟，绵羊处于重度热应激状态。5热应激防控措施5.1物理降温5.1.1羊舍建设根据气候条件，顶棚选用聚乙烯泡沫夹芯彩钢板或岩棉夹芯彩钢板等保温隔热材料，夹芯板厚度为8cm~15cm。有窗自然通风的羊舍尺寸应符合DB13/T556的要求。5.1.2遮阳设施运动场、补饲槽和饮水槽搭建遮阳棚或遮阳网。敞棚舍西侧设置卷帘或其他遮阳设施。5.1.3自然通风开启门窗降温。5.1.4风扇降温在采食通道、羊床等适当位置加装风扇。5.1.5绿化降温羊舍和运动场的周围种植树木遮荫。5.2日粮调控根据羊的体重、生理阶段和体况等因素，粗饲料不低于50%，适量添加青绿多汁饲料。日粮中粗蛋白含量增加1%~2%。5.3添加剂应用5.3.1中草药选用香薷、大黄、厚朴和黄芩（3:3:2:2）或者藿香、厚朴、石菖蒲和茯苓（4:2:2:1按比例配制成复方中药，按基础日粮的0.5%添加饲喂。5.3.2微生物饲料添加剂每公斤日粮中添加1.0×1011CFU酿酒酵母、地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的混合微生物饲料添加剂。5.3.3维生素日粮中适当补充维生素C和维生素E。5.4饲养管理5.4.1饲喂时间6DB1306/T234—2023避开正午高温时段，选择清晨和傍晚饲喂。5.4.2饮水保证充足饮水，水质符合NY5027的要求。5.4.3饲养密度适当降低饲养密度，避免拥挤。5.4.4剪毛适时剪毛。5.4.5环境卫生符合NY/T388的要求。7DB1306/T234—2023参考文献[1]郑玮才，郝小燕，张宏祥，等.酿酒酵母和地衣芽孢杆菌对绵羊生长性能和营养物质消化代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报，2020，32(11)：5314-5321.[2]孙丽英.夏季提高肉