2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解

2023年研究生考试工商管理硕士(MBA)英语历年高频考题带答案难题附详解（图片大小可自由调整）第1卷一.历年考点试题黑钻版(共50题)1.由于你要搬回青岛，并且是和家人永久居住在那儿，因此你要辞去目前的工作，并对领导及同事在工作中给予的信任和支持表达谢意。2.Thereare______thethree-year-oldchildcancount.A.farmorethantoysB.toysfarmorethanC.farmoretoysthanD.farmorethantoys3.邀请信4.Manychangesintheworldofbusinessmayseemsurprisingifwearecompletelyblindtothefuture.Butexpertssaywecansee,atleastpartofitfromwherewestand.Usingchaostheorytounderstandtheinterconnectednessoftheworld—thinkofthe"butterflyeffect"—willhelpusrecognizethecausesofcertain"chancehappenings"andbebetterpreparedtocopewiththem.

TakeAsia'sfinancialcrisis.Inthepast,companieswouldhavesaiditwasjustanotherrandomevent."Thetruthis,manyoftheseseeminglyrandomeventscanaffecttheirbusiness,"saysSanders.

Giventheinterconnectednessoftheglobaleconomy,Sanderssays,it'smoreimportantthaneverthatcompaniesbeawareofemergingissuesandquicklydeterminehowtorespond.Buttodoso,theyneedanorganicandevolvingapproachtoplanning.Theoldplanningmodelfocusedon"forecasting"oneorafewpossiblepathsofevents,whilearevolutionaryparadigmcalled"foresighting"allowsonetomasterthesituationnomatterhowthefutureturnsout.AccordingtoSanders,understandingthepresentistheprimarystepingaininginsightintothefuture.5.______thattheyarefreshfromuniversity,theyoungpeoplehavedoneagoodjob.A.GivingB.BecauseC.GivenD.As6.延误已给我方带来极大不便，望函复我方何时可以发货。7.Togivepraise______thegivernothingbutamoment'sthoughtandamoment'seffort.A.costsB.tellsC.benefitsD.prizes8.Picassowasanartistwhofundamentallychangedthe______ofartforlatergenerations.A.philosophyB.conceptC.viewpointD.theme9.PartB

Directions:

Inthissectionyouareaskedtowriteanessayofnolessthan150wordsonthetopicof"IsStressaBadThingorGoodThing"Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Pleaseremembertowriteitclearly.

Outlines：(1)有些人认为压力太可怕了。

(2)有些人认为压力并不是一件坏事。

(3)你对此评论如何。10.“五一”、“十一”长假丰富了人们的业余生活，促进了旅游经济的发展，同时也带来诸如交通拥挤，环境污染等问题。请就“黄金周”的经济发展与环保问题向政府有关部门写一封信，提出自己的见解和建议。11.Troublewasexpectedatthefootballmatch,sothepolicehadtobethere______.A.inplentyB.infullC.innumberD.inforce12.Allherhardwork______intheend,andshefinallypassedtheexam.A.showedoffB.paidoffC.leftoffD.keptoff13.Britain'sCabinetOfficereleasedasweepingreportonthecountry'sfoodpolicy,anddeterminedthatBritonsarewastingtoomuchfood.

Athirdofthefoodboughtforhomeconsumptioniswasted-6.7milliontonnes.Mostofthiscouldhavebeeneaten.WastingfoodcoststheaverageUKfamily￡420ayear.EliminatingtheunnecessarygreenhousegasemissionsthatthiswastedfoodproduceswouldbeequivalenttotakingoneinfivecarsoffUKroads.Byusing60%offoodthrownawaybyhouseholds,enoughenergycouldbegeneratedtoprovidepowerforallthehomesinGlasgowandEdinburgh.

Thiswasteisaddingtotheriseinfoodprices,thereportsaid,inaworldwherefoodoutputmustrisedramatically.Thereportnotesthat,accordingtoareportbytheWorldBank,cerealproductionneedstoincreaseby50percentandmeatproduction80percentbetween2000and2030tomeetglobaldemand.

Thereportnotedthatfoodwastecontributestogreenhouseemissions,partlybecauserottingfoodinlandfillsgeneratesmethane,apowerfulgreenhousegas.Thereportalsosaidthat,becauseofproblemswithstorageordistribution,asmuchas40percentoffoodharvestedinthedevelopingworldiswastedbeforeitreachestheplate.

Intheforewordtothereport,PrimeMinisterGordonBrownsaidthatfoodwasteisaglobalproblem.

Recentfoodpricerisesareapowerfulreminderthataccesstoevermoreaffordablefoodcannotbetakenforgranted,anditisthefamilyfinancesofthepoorestinoursocietythatarehithardestwhenfoodpricesincrease.ButtheprincipalfoodsecuritychallengefortheUKisaglobalone.WecannotdealwithhigherfoodpricesintheUKinisolationfromhigherpricesaroundtheworld-attemptingtopursuenationalfoodsecurityinisolationfromtheglobalcontextisunlikelytobepracticable,sustainableorfinanciallyrational.

AmericansdonotseemtobedoingmuchbetteratconservingfoodthantheircounterpartsacrosstheAtlantic.Lastmonth,TheNewYorkTimesciteda1997studyfromtheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculturethatfoundthatAmericansdiscardanestimated27percentofthefoodavailableforconsumption,aboutapoundperdayperperson.14.Britainhasthehighest______ofroadtrafficintheworld--over60carsforeverymileofroad.A.popularityB.densityC.intensityD.prosperity15.PartA

Directions:

Inthissection,youarerequiredtowritea"LetterofComplaint"accordingtothesituationbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsneatly.

SituationandRequirements:

LiMingrecentlyboughtalaptopcomputer.Afewdayslaterthelaptopstoppedworking.Whenhetookitbacktotheshop,theyrefusedtodealwiththeproblem.Nowyouarerequiredtowritealettertothecustomerservicedepartmentatthecompany'sheadofficeinthenameofLiMing.Yourlettershouldincludethefollowinginformation:

(1)Theproblemwiththelaptop.

(2)Whatexactlyhappenedwhenyoureturntotheshop?

(3)Whatyouwouldlikethecustomerservicedepartmenttodoandanyotherrelevantinformation?

LetterofComplaint

__________16.Manybusinesses'promotioncampaigns______becausetheyneverfulfillwhattheyhavesaidintheirads.A.passawayB.getbyC.fallthroughD.giveaway17.Iwouldneverhave______acourtoflawifIhadn'tbeensodesperate.A.soughtforB.accountedforC.turnedupD.resortedto18.SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent,writehimanemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and

2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.19.Weshouldconcentrateonsharplyreducinginterestratestopulltheeconomyoutof______.A.rejectionB.restrictionC.retreatD.recession20.Tomplacedthebanknotes,______thechangeandreceipts,backinthedrawer.A.morethanB.butforC.thankstoD.alongwith21.Heistheonlyonethatisseniorinage______hersoshecalledhimoldpal.A.overB.againstC.toD.above22.Directions:

Youboughtadigitalcamerainastorelastweek,andyouhavefoundthatthereissomethingwrongwithit.Writealettertothestoremanagertoexplaintheproblem,expressyourcomplaintsandsuggestasolution.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.23.Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally______oftherealitythattheyrepresent.A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions24.Hisactionsweremore______ofhisrealpurposethanwerehiswords.A.magnificentB.significantC.splendidD.superb25.Theprocessofenteringtheconfinesofpoliticalandeconomicpowercanbepicturedasasysteminwhichpersonsarechosenfromapoliticalelitepool.(1)Inthisreservoirofpossibleleadersaretheindividualswiththeskills,education,andotherqualificationsneededtofillelitepositions.Itisherethatcompetitiondoesexist,thatthehighestachieversdodisplaytheirabilities,andthatthebestqualifieddogenerallysucceed.Here,whatismoreimportantisenteringthisreservoirofqualifiedpeople.

(2)Manyinthemassesmayhaveleadershipabilities,butunlesstheycangainentranceintotheelitepool,theirabilitieswillgounnoticed.Thoseofthehigherclassandstatusrankentermoreeasilyintothiscompetitionsincetheyhavebeenaffordedgreateropportunitiestoacquiretheneededqualifications.

(3)Inadditiontoformalqualifications,therearelessobvioussocial-psychologicalfactorswhichtendtonarrowthepotentialelitepoolfurther.(4)"Self-assertion"and"self-elimination"areprocessesbywhichthoseofhighersocialstatusassertthemselvesandthoseoflowersocialstatuseliminatethemselvesfromcompetitionforelitepositions.Ayoungmanwhosefamilyhasbeenactiveinpolitics,whohasattendedHarvard,andwhohasestablishedanetworkofconnectionstothehighpositioninthebusinessorpoliticalworld.(5)Ontheotherhand,ayoungmanwithlessprestigious(有名望的)familybackground,noconnections,andonlyahighschooleducationorevenacollegedegreefromastateuniversitywouldnotlikelyexpectafurtherplaceforhimselfatthetop.AsPrewittandStoneexplain,suchanindividual"hasfewmodelstofollow,nocontactstoputhimintotherightchannels,andlittlereasontothinkofhimselfaspotentiallywealthyorpowerful."Thus,self-selectionaidsinfilteringoutthoseoflowerincomeandstatusgroupsfromthepoolofpotentialelites.Mosteliminatethemselvesfromthecompetitionearlyinthefame.26.Asinmostethicalsituations,makingatrueorfalsepromiseinvolvesotherpeople.Almosteverytimeweask"WhatshouldIdo?"weareawarethatotherpeopleareinvolvedinourbehavior.Whyshouldsomeoneaskhimselfbeforemakingafalsepromise,"Isitright?"Itmaybethatheisafraidofbeingfoundout.Hemay,however,wonderwhetheritisfairtotheotherperson.Howwerelateourselvestoothersorhowwebehavioraffectsothersmakesupmostofthesubjectmatterofethics.Beingawareofothersismorethanwonderinghowouractionswillaffectthem;wearealsoConcernedabouthowthebehaviorofotherswillaffectus.Thereisnosatisfactorywayforustoavoidthepresenceofotherpeople.Themostwecandoistrytoarrangetherulesofbehavior,ofethics,inordertoreducetheamountoffrictionandconflictandtherebyachievethegreatestamountofharmony.Whetherouractionsarerightandgoodwilldependtoagreatextentontheeffecttheywillhaveonothers.Actionssuchastellingafalsehood,stealing,injuring,andkillingareconsideredwrongmostofthetimebecausetheyresultinvaryingdegreesofharmtosomeone.Theyalsoproducereactionsfromthevictims,whoineffectsay,"Ifitisrightforyoutodothattome,thenIwillnothesitatetodothesamethingtoyou."27.Womenareentitledto______statuswithmeninprivateandprofessionallife.A.identicalB.equalC.sameD.alike28.Nowadays,wehavetechnologythat'simprovedsothatwecanbringpeoplebacktolife.Infact,therearedrugsbeingdevelopedrightnow--whoknowsifthey'llevermakeittothemarket--thatmayactuallyslowdowntheprocessofbrain-cellinjuryanddeath.Imagineyoufast-forwardto10yearsdowntheline;andyou'vegivenapatient,whosehearthasjuststopped,thisamazingdrug;andactuallywhatitdoesis,itslowseverythingdownsothatthethingsthatwould'vehappenedoveranhour,nowhappenovertwodays.Asmedicineprogresses,wewillendupwithlotsandlotsofethicalquestions.

Butwhatishappeningtotheindividualatthattime?What'sreallygoingon?Becausethereisalackofbloodflow,thecellsgointoakindofafrenzytokeepthemselvesalive.Andwithinabout5min.orsotheystarttodamageorchange.Afteranhourorsothedamageissogreatthatevenifwerestarttheheartagainandpumpblood,thepersoncannolongerbeviable,becausethecellshavejustbeenchangedtoomuch.Andthenthecellscontinuetochangesothatwithinacoupleofdaysthebodyactuallydecomposes.Soit'snotamoment;it'saprocessthatactuallybeginswhentheheartstopsandculminatesinthecomplete'lossofthebody,thedecompositionsofallthecells.However,ultimatelywhatmattersis,what'sgoingontoaperson'smind?Whathappenstothehumanmindandconsciousnessduringdeath?Doesthatceaseimmediatelyassoonastheheartstops?Doesitceaseactivitywithinthefirst2sec.,thefirst2min.?Becauseweknowthatcellsarecontinuouslychangingatthattime.Doesitstopafter10min.,afterhalfanhour,afteranhour?Andatthispointwedon'tknow.29.Readthefollowingadvertisementcarefullyandwritealetterofapplicationabout120words.Youhaveseenthefollowingrecruitingadvertisementinthelocalpressandwouldliketoapplyforit:

ASSISTANTSALESMANAGERwantedbyinternationalcompanymanufacturingtextilepiecegoods.Theapplicantmusthavehadadequateexperienceinthesalesdivisionofalargecompanyandbewillingtoacceptresponsibility.

Write,givingdetailsofpreviousexperience,salary,etc.,toBox135before1stMay,2009.30.ThehardesthitofallthatweekwereWallStreet'sspecialistfirms,thetraderswhowerechargedwithmaintainingorderlymarkets.Thattaskrequiredthemtopurchasestockswhentherewerenootherbuyersandtomakesaleswhenothersellersdisappeared.Untiltheendofthatweek,atotal52specialistfirmshadworkedontheflooroftheNewYorkStockExchange:eachhadhandledthesharesof20to30specifiedBigBoardcompanies.OnBlackMonday,thespecialistsgrimlyfulfilledtheirresponsibilities,buyingmillionsofsharesaspricesplungedallaroundthem.Theirlossescouldamounttoasmuchas$750million.SecuritiesfirmsoutsideWallStreetalsofeltmortalpain.The4500accountsoftheNewYorkStockExchangememberweretakenoverbyRodman&Renshaw,aChicagofirm.31.Theeldestson______allthefamilymemberstodiscusshowtocelebratethe50thweddinganniversaryoftheirparents.A.clusteredB.resembledC.assembledD.rendered32.TedRobinson______thesedays.A.wasworriedB.isworriedC.hadbeenworriedD.hasbeenworried33.PartA

Directions:

Inthissection,youareaskedtowrite"LetterofJobApplication"toapersonnelmanagerbasedontheinformationofavacantpositionofsalesmanagerinFoundGroup.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.

ALetterofJobApplication

__________34.Johnsaysthathispresentjobdoesnotprovidehimwithenough______forhisorganizingability.A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.range35.Theyhavewideconnectionswithanannual______ofabout5milliondollars.A.levyB.exemptionC.saleD.turnover36.Thatboyissuchagoodviolinistthathewillprobablymakequitea______forhimself.A.nameB.gloryC.fameD.character37.Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshewas______ofcheatingcustomers.A.accusedB.chargedC.scoldedD.blamed38.Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.Writeanoticeto

1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and

2)callforvolunteers.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity,

Donotwriteyouraddress.39.Chinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.A.whatB.ofwhatC.ifD.which40.Liquidssuchaswaterandoiltakeupspaceandtheyaremeasuredinunitsofliquid______.A.vesselB.barrelC.tankD.volume41.Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation.Writeacompositionofabout150wordstotellwhichoneyouagreeandexplainwhy.42.Forthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositionofatleast150wordswiththetitle"OnSuccess"accordingtothefollowinginstruction."Whenpeoplesucceed,itisbecauseofhardworkandluckhasnothingtodowithsuccess."Doyouagreeordisagreewiththequotationabove.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestoexplainyourposition.43.Anunremarkedconsequenceofournewinformationage—onethatwillinfluencereaders,writers,andpublishersinthefuture—isthatbadwriting,chatspeak,text,millionsofmessageboardpoststhatcomefromandleadnowhere,arehavingacheapeningeffectonallwrittencontent.EditorsandnewsdirectorstodayfretabouttheInternetastheirpredecessorsworriedaboutradioandTV,andallnowseethehugethreattheWebrepresentstothewaytheydistributetheirproduct.

TheideathatthepracticeandcraftofwritingcansimplyretoolitselfforthedigitalageoverlooksthefactthattheWebisgivingrisetototallyuniqueformsofexpression,awritingthatisdifferentfromthekindtraditionallyfoundinbooks.

Forloversofliterarywriting,whoarenowwatchingthemarketplaceandInterneterodetheremainsofnineteenth-centuryprintculture,theseassurancesmaynotbeparticularlyconsoling.Wehavenochoicebuttoacceptthem.Arguingagainsttheforcesofdigitalizationisasmuchalosingbattleascursingthecomingoftheeveningtide.44.SettlersofthePlainsalsohadtocontendwithsocialisolation.TheEuropeanpattern,wherebyfarmerslivedtogetherinavillageandtraveledeachdaytotheirnearbyfields,wasrareintheAmericanWest.Instead,variouspeculiaritiesoflanddivisioncompelledtheruraldwellerstoliveapartfromeachother.TheHomesteadActof1862andothermeasuresadoptedtofacilitatewesternsettlementofferedfreeorcheapplotstopeoplewhowouldliveonandimprovetheirproperty.Becausemosthomesteadsandotherplotsacquiredbysmallfarmerswererectangular--usuallyencompassing160acres—atmostfourfamiliescouldliveneareachother,butonlyiftheycongregatedaroundthesamefour-cornerboundaryintersection.Inpractice,farmersusuallylivedbackfromtheirboundarylines,andatleastahalf-mileseparatedfarmhouses.Oftenadjacentlandwasunoccupied,makingneighborsevenmoredistant.

ManyobserverswroteaboutthelonelinessandmonotonyoflifeonthePlains.Menescapedtheoppressivenessbyworkingoutdoorsandtakingoccasionaltripstosellcropsorbuysupplies.Butwomenweremoreisolated,confinedbydomesticchorestothehousehold,where,asonewriterremarked,theywere"notmuchbetterthanslaves.Itisaweary,monotonousroundofcookingandwashingandmendingandasaresulttheinsaneasylumis1/3filledwithwivesoffarmers."45.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwellbutifyou______,youwillsucceedintheend.A.hangupB.handaboutC.hanginD.hangonto46.Directions:Writeanarticleofabout150wordsonthecartoonbyfollowingtheoutlinebelow.

(1)Describethecartoon;

(2)Drawimplicationsofthecartoon;

(3)Makecomments.

Note：鸡毛掸featherduster47.Youworkasanaccountantforanelectricequipmentproducer.Youdeliveredtwoorderstoonecustomeronl0thDecember2008and20thJanuary2009respectively,buthaven'treceivedanypaymentyet.Writealetterabout120wordsadvisingyourcustomertosettlehisaccountsassoonaspossible.48.Itisjustoneexampleofthegrowingconcernovertheincreasingpowerconsumptionandenvironmentalimpactofcomputers.Astudyfoundthatthepowerconsumptionofdatacentersdoubledbetween2000and2005,andnowaccountsfor1.2%ofAmericanelectricityconsumption,thoughotherestimatesputthefigureat4%.Companiesnowspendasmuchas10%oftheirtechnologybudgetsonenergy,saysRakeshKumarofGartner,aconsultancy.

Powerconsumptionhasincreasedbecauseoftheriseoftheinternet,ofcourse,butalsobecauseofwayinwhichcomputershavehistoricallybeendesigned:tomaximizeperformanceatallcosts.Between1996and2006,thenumberofserversinusewentfrom6millionto28millionandtheaveragepowerconsumptionofeachservergrewfrom150wattsto400watts.Butthingsarenowstartingtochangeandthecomputerindustryhasbeenseizedwithenthusiasmfor"greencomputing".49.It'sbeenverycoldthelastfewdays.Ithinkthewinter's______already.A.setinB.setoffC.setonD.setout50.Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandhislecturebecausethesubjectwasvery______.A.faintB.indefiniteC.obscureD.gloomy第1卷参考答案一.历年考点试题黑钻版1.参考答案：DearSir,

IamsorrytoinformyoubythisletterthatIplantoresignmypresentjobinthenextmonth.ThemainreasonisthatIamgoingtomovetoQingdaotolivepermanentlywithmyfamily,asQingdaoismyhometown.

Lookingbackuponmyfive-yearexperienceinthisorganization,Ihavehadaveryhappyandenjoyabletimeworkingwithyouandothercolleagues,fromwhomIhavereceivedlotsofhelpandhavelearntmuch.Pleaseacceptmysinceregratitude,aswellasmyregretfornotbeingabletoservehereanylonger.

Yoursfaithfully,

LiMing2.参考答案：C本题要注意词序，more要放在被修饰词的前面，而far则修饰more，故应置于more的前面，所以本题正确答案为C。3.参考答案：[范例1]

DearZhongmin,

I'vejustgotmyparents'approvaltogotoTaishanforthenextsummervacation.Iwasthinkingthatmaybeyouwouldliketocomewithmeandgosightseeingwhilewe'rethere.

Iwillpayforyourtrainfares(softseattickets)ifyourparentsalsosay"yes",soallyouhavetobringissomemoneyforfoodandlodging.WecouldleaveonJuly20thandreturnonJuly24th.Ithinkwecouldhavealotoffuntogetherinthesefewdays—wecouldstayinoneofthosemountaintopguesthousesforoneortwodaystowatchthefamoussunriseandtakeabird'seyeviewoftheplainbelowbothinthedaytimeandatnight.

Thinkaboutitandgivemeacallbythisweekend.

Love,

LiMing

[范例2]

DearMr.Yangbin,

YouhavebeenhighlyrecommendedbyseveralofourmembersasaspeakerforthebanquetthatclosesafivedaymeetingoftheChineseAssociationofTravellers.

TheplaceisHaizhuHotelinShanghai;thedateistheeveningofAugust8th.Thebanquetisapurelysocialgathering.Wepreferanaddressonthelightside,butwithaninspirationaltheme.Iwouldleaveittoyoutoselectatopic,whichIknowwillbeappropriatefortheoccasion.

MayIhearfromyoubyMay6th?Pleaseindicateinyourreplythefeeyourequire.Justassoonaswehavereachedanagreement,Iwillsendyoumoredetails.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing[解析]

文章第一段发出邀请；在第二段中，作者提出了优惠条件以及自己的设想；最后一段中，作者表达了自己的愿望。

[范例1语言注释]

“getsomeone’sapproval”意为“征得某人的同意”；“summervacation”意为“暑假”；“gosightseeing”意为“去观光旅游”；“trainfare”意为“火车票”；“softseatticket”意为“软座票”；“moneyforfoodandlodging”意为“食宿费用”；“havealotoffun”意为“非常愉快”；“mountaintopguesthouse”意为“山顶旅店”；“sunrise”意为“日出”；“takeabird'seyeviewof”意为“鸟瞰，俯视”；“givemeacall”意为“给我打电话”。

[范例2文章点评]

本文一开始就应用了一句赞美词，使得被邀请者感到对方看重自己；第二段讲明了宴会的地点和日期，明确了发言的方向，但把具体的题目留给演讲人决定；最后一段提出了回函期限，并要求演讲人报价，这给邀请方留有余地。

[范例2语言注释]

“Youhavebeenhighlyrecommendedby”意为“……极力推荐您”；“afivedaymeeting”意为“为期5天的会议”；“socialgathering”意为“社交聚会”；“anaddressonthelightside”意为“气氛轻松的讲话”；“inspirational”意为“鼓舞人心的”；“leaveittoyoutoselectatopic”意为“留待您自己选择主题”；“which”引导的定语从句修饰前面的“topic”；“Iknow”是插入语；“beappropriatefor”意为“适合于……”；“indicate”意为“说明，表明”；“reachanagreement”意为“达成协议”；“detail”意为“详情”。4.参考答案：如果我们对未来一无所知，那么我们对商业界的许多变化，或许就会感到非常惊奇。但是，专家们说，我们可以从我们现在站的角度看到未来的一部分。应用混沌理论来理解商业界的相互关联性——思考一下蝴蝶效应，可以帮助我们认识某些“偶然事件”的成因，以便较好地应付这些事件。

以亚洲金融危机为例子。要是在过去，许多公司就会说：“那是又一个偶然事件。”但桑德斯说：“事实上，许多这些似乎是偶然的事件将会影响这些公司的经营。”

桑德斯说，考虑到全球经济关联性，公司若能意识到突发事件并迅速做出反应，这将比以往任何时候都更为重要。但要做到这一点，在计划方面，他们需要有机的、不断完善的方法。旧的计划模式只限于预测一个或多个可能发生事件的轨迹。一个被称为“深谋远虑”的革命范例，能使我们把握局势，无论未来会演变成什么样。按照桑德斯的观点，了解现在是洞察未来的第一步。5.参考答案：C过去分词短语作条件状语。全句意思为：如果考虑到他们刚从大学毕业，那么这些年轻人就干得很不错啦。6.参考答案：ThisdelayhasinconveniencedUSconsiderably．Weshouldappreciateitifyouwouldinformusbyreturnmailwhenwemayexpectthegoods．7.参考答案：Acost意为“花费”，指需要特定的费用、支出或努力；tell意为“告诉”，指把某事告知某人；benefit意为“使受益”，指有助于、有用于；prize意为“珍视”，指看重……。根据空格后面的amoment'sthoughtandamoment'seffort(片刻的考虑和一时的努力)可知，应该选用cost。8.参考答案：B本题考点为名词的词义辨析。A意为“哲学”，B意为“观念”，C意为“观点”，D意为“主题’。根据上下文，选项B符合题意。9.参考答案：[参考范文]

IsStressaBadThingorGoodThing

Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheissueofstressisgettingincreasingpopularamongthegeneralpublicinourdailylife,especiallywiththerapiddevelopmentofourmodernsociety.Nearlyeveryone,includingmenandwomen,theoldandtheyounghasfeltstress.Nevertheless,theattitudestowardsitarequitedifferent.

Thosewhoarelivingunderstressconsiderthatthepressureisaterriblething.Tothem,thestressesandstrainsofworkandstudydeprivethemofjoyandhappinessoflife.Inordertosurviveandsucceedincompetition,theyhavetobealwaysbusywithworkingandfacevariouschallengesaswell.

However,justaseverythinghastwosides,someotherpeoplewhoarguethatthestressisn'tasterribleasitisoftensupposedtobeunlessitisoverwhelming.Tothem,itisthestressthatprovidesthemwithmotivationandstimulation.Withoutstress,wemayslackoffandidleawayourtime.Peopleunderpressuretendtobringtheirpotentialtoplayfullyandrealizetheirdreamseasily.

AsfarasIamconcerned,thereisnobodyintheworldwithoutstress.Therefore,stressissomethingthatwehavetofaceandcannotescapefrom.Onlyinthisattitudecanwetakefulladvantageofthebenefitsofstressandavoidtheharmfuleffectsitbringstous.[解析]

本题属于利弊分析型考题；考生可根据提纲要求参考以下写作套路进行写作。

Paragraph1介绍现象(观点一和观点二)

Whenitcomesto主题,itisthebeliefofsomepeoplethat观点一,anditisoftenarguedbyotherpeoplethat观点二(或theoppositeistrue).Thereisprobablysometruthinbothstatements.

Paragraph2分别描述观点一和二

Generallyspeaking,theadvantagesof______canbeseenclearlyinthefollowingrespects.Tobeginwith,….Inaddition,….Andfinally,….However,justastheproverbgoes,everycoinhastwosides.thereisnoexceptiontotheabovediscussedissueof______.Ontheonehand,…;ontheotherhand,….

Paragraph3作者的观点或结论

Weighingtheprosandconsofbothsides,wemayreasonablyreachtheconclusionthattheadvantagesof______carryfarmoreweightthanitsdisadvantages.Therefore,weshouldmanagetomakethemostofitsbenefits,whiletryingtoavoiditsharmfuleffects.10.参考答案：(略)11.参考答案：Dinplenty意为“很多，过优裕的生活”；infull意为“完全地，全部地”；innumber意为“总共，在数字上”；inforce意为“大批地，大规模地”。句子的主语是thepolice，所填之词修饰bethere，所以应该选用inforce。12.参考答案：B本题考点为动词的固定搭配。A项意为“炫耀”，B项意为“还清，偿清”，C项意为“停止；结束”，D项意为“让开，不接近”。根据上下文，选项B为正确答案。13.参考答案：

英国的内阁办公室发布了一项有关国家食品政策的影响广泛的报告