Unit4Whatislife-课件-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第三册

1.Haveyouheardthisquotebefore?Eachmanmustlooktohimselftoteachhimthemeaningoflife.Itisnotsomethingdiscovered:itissomethingmolded.—AntoinedeSaint-ExupéryLead-in2.HowdoyouunderstandthequotefromAntoinedeSaint-Exupéry?Thequoteindicatesthatthereisnofixedanswertothemeaningoflife.Youshouldbetheonewhomakesyourlifemeaningful,becauseitisuptoyoutoshapeyourlife.Whichofthefollowingquotesdoyoulike?Why?1.Attwentyyearsofage,thewillreigns;atthirty,thewit;andatforty,thejudgment. —BenjaminFranklin2.Ordinarypeoplemerelythinkhowtheyshallspendtheirtime;amanoftalenttriestouseit. —ArthurSchopenhauer3.Thetimeoflifeisshort;tospendthatshortnessbasely,itwouldbetoolong. —WilliamShakespeare4.Onlyalifelivedforothersisalifeworthwhile. —AlbertEinsteinDiscussionWhatdothesefourpicturesdescribe?1.Whatdifferentstagesoflifedothepicturescover?Thepicturescoverchildhood,youth,middleageandoldage.2.Whatisthepurposeofthepictures?Thepicturesaimtorevealthatwetendtohavevariousinterpretationsofthemeaningoflifeduringdifferentstagesoflife.3.Whichstageoflifedoyoulikemost?Why?1.Whatdoyouthinklifeisabout?ExtensionIthinklifeisaboutsettingagoalandtryingmybesttoachieveit.Itcanbeastudygoal,acareergoalorafitnessgoal.SettinggoalshelpsmefindoutwhatItrulywanttoachieveinmylife.Mygoalslayapathformetofollowinmylife,andwhenIsucceed,Icanfeelhappyandfulfilled.ReadingWhathaveIlivedfor1.Doyouknowanypeoplewhoselifelongpassionsimpressyou?Whataretheirpassions?IhavealwaysbeenimpressedbyZhongNanshan’slifelongpassion.Foryears,hehasbeentheleadingspecialistinrespiratorydiseasesinChina.WecanseeZhong’spassionforresearchingrespiratorydiseasesandfindingcuresforthemduringtheoutbreakofSARSin2003.Underhisguidance,aneffectivetreatmentmethodwasdiscovered,whichresultedinthelowestdeathrateandhighestrecoveryrateforSARSinGuangdongProvince.2.WhatdoyouknowaboutBertrandRussell?IknowthatBertrandRussellwasaBritishphilosopherandwriter.HewasalsoamathematicianwhointroducedthemostfamousofsettheoryparadoxesknownasRussell’sparadox.Overthecourseofhislongcareer,Russellmadeimportantcontributionstoabroadrangeofothersubjects,includingethics,politics,andeducationaltheory.IalsoknowthatRussellwontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1950.StructureWhatIhavelivedforBertrandRussell:thepursuitofhispassionsIntroductionBodyConclusionReading1.Skimtheadaptedexcerptandthearticletofinishthetablebelow.Para.1Paras.2–4Para.5Para.1Paras.2–4Para.5PassionsWhetherhesucceeded(inhisownopinion)HowhepursuedthemLongingforloveItplayedapowerfulmotivatingroleinhislife.SearchforknowledgeHeachievedalittle.Hefailedtoeasehumansufferingandhetoosuffered.Hespokeoutagainstwar,initiatedtheRussell-EinsteinManifestoandhelpedimprovetherightsofwomen.2.FinishA1onPage46.Hefoundit.Hehelpedfindmodernanalyticphilosophy,discoveredRussell’sparadox,andwontheNobelPrizeinliterature.Pityforthesufferingofmankind3.CompletetheTreeMap.UnderstandingtheheartsofmenPerceivingthePythagoreanpowerThewholeworldofloneliness,povertyandpainRussell’sthreelifelongpassionsThelongingforloveThesearchforknowledgeUnbearablepityforthesufferingofmankindRelievinglonelinessChildreninfamineBringingdelightVictimstorturedbyoppressorsAvisionofagloriousworldintheunionofloveKnowingwhythestarsshineHelplessoldpeopleaburdentotheirsons4.Readthearticleandanswerthefollowingquestion.WhydidRussellachieveunprecedentedsuccess?Forallthroughhislife,hewasbentonpursuinghisthreepassions.5.ScantheadaptedexcerptandthearticlecarefullytofinishA2onPage46.(1)WhyhasRussellsoughtlove?(2)WhatevildoesRusselllongtodefeat?Russellhassoughtloveforthreereasons:itbringsdelight,itrelieveslonelinessandhehasseenthevisionofthegloriousworldintheunionoflove..Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeopleaburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,povertyandpain.(3)WhatisloveinRussell’sopinion?(4)WhywasRussell’sparadoximportant?Becauseitledtonewthinkinginlogicandsettheory.

1.Whatisthepurposeoftheadaptedexcerptandthearticle?Post-readingBesidesintroducingBertrandRussell’slifelongpassions,theadaptedexcerptandthearticlealsoaimstoinspireustofollowRussell’sexample,tofindandpursueourownlifelongpassions.Moreimportantly,weneedtohaveapositiveattitudetowardslife.2.WhydoesRussellsaythatloveandknowledgeledupwardtowardtheheavenswhilepitybroughthimbacktoearth?FinishB1onPage47andanswertwoquestions.“AslongasIlive,wardsarewhereIwillworkandtakingcareofthepatientsiswhatIwilldo.”ThesewordsarefromLinQiaozhi,a(n)(1)__________Chinesedoctor.Shehadnochildrenofherown,but(2)_______________themotheroftensofthousandsofbabies.Duringherlonganddistinguishedcareer,shehaddeliveredover50,000babiesandisfondlyrememberedforherdedicationtothewelfareofherpatients.wasrecognizedasoutstandinglongedtofellowFortunately,thecollegeadmiredherselflessnessandadmittedher.AftergraduatingfromPUMCwithamedicaldegree,LinbecamethefirstChinesefemaledoctorinPekingUnionMedicalCollegeHospital(PUMCH)andlateritsfirstChinesefemaledirector.Hermedicalcareerspannedover50years,duringwhichshetreatedtensofthousandsofpatients,andshewasoneofthe(5)________offmodernChinesegynaecologyandobstetrics.foundersemotionaleasesummingupWhatwasthelifelongpassionofLinQiaozhi?WhydoestheauthorquoteLinQiaozhi’swordsandBingXin’sremark?LinQiaozhisoughtthefollowingpassions:devotiontohermedicalcareeranddedicationtothewelfareofherpatients.TheauthorquotesLinQiaozhi’swordsandBingXin’sremarktoletthereaderknowwhatkindofpersonshewasthroughherownwords.Inthisway,LinQiaozhi’spassionsareclearlyrevealed.IncludingBingXin’sremarkaboutLinQiaozhiinthepassageletsthereaderknowthatherpassionswerenoticedandappreciatedbyothers.TheauthorthuscreatesavividpictureofwhoLinwasasapersonaswellastheimpactshehadonthosearoundher.Appreciation1.WhatrhetoricaldevicesdoesRussellusewhenexplaininghispassions?Whateffectsdotheyhave?Inthefirstparagraph,heusesasimilewhenhewrites,“Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmeinawaywardcourse”.Thesimilehelpsreadersvisualizethepowerfuleffecthispassionshavehadonhimandthefactthattheyhavetakenhimonunexpectedpathsthroughouthislife.Heuseshyperboleorexaggerationtodescribehisfirstpassion:“delightsogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy”.Thisshowshowstronglyhefeelsaboutlove.Heusesametaphorwhenhesays,“thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldlifelessabyss”.2.Doyouhaveanylifelongpassions?Howdoyouplantopursuethem?3.Whatarethetransitionalsentencesintheadaptedexcerpt?Transitionalsentencesintheadaptedexcerpt:WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Loveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Writeaboutthethreemostimportantthingsinyourlifeusingtransition.Thethreemostimportantthingsinmylifearemyrelationships,myhealthandmypurposeinlife.Aboveeverythingelse,myrelationshipsarethefoundationonwhichmylifeisbuilt.Ifeelfortunatetohavefamilyandfriendswhomakemylifericher.Insimilarfashion,Ihopetobethefoundationformyfamilyandfriendsnowandinthefuture.Nomatterhowstrongmyfoundationis,withoutgoodhealth,Icannotliveahappylife.Forthemostpart,IhavecontrolovermyhealthasImakesureIeathealthilyandexerciseregularlytominimizeillnessesandreducestresslevels.Inthisway,goodhealthwillhelpmeachievemygoalsandenjoyahappylife.WithequalpassionIhavepursuedmylife’spurpose—myfuturecareer.Toliveafulfillinglife,IknowImustchooseacareerthatcontributestoothers’successandhappinessinsomeway,suchasbeingadoctor.Withoutdoubt,Iknowmypurposeshouldbesomethingthatimpactstheworldinapositiveway.Allinall,withstrongrelationships,goodhealthandameaningfulpurpose,mylifewouldbestable,happyandfulfilled.ReadthearticleonPage48andanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhoisAchilles?

HeisaheroicwarriorinGreekmythology.InHomer’sepicpoem

TheIliad,whichdescribesthefinaleventsoftheten-yearTrojanWar,Achillesisknownforhisprideandhisdesireforglory.2.Whatchoicedidhemakeabouthowtospendhislife?

HechosetofighttheTrojansanddiedthedeathofagloriouswarrior,withhisnamelivingonforever.Lead-inFindoutwhat“Achillesheel”meansandfillinthetable.AllusionSourceMeaningExploringtherulesAchillesheelGreekmythologyAweakpointinsomeone’scharacterwhichcanbeattackedbyotherpeopleindirectUnderlinetheallusionineachofthefollowingsentencesandexplainitsmeaninginyourownword.Applyingtherules1.Thisnovelisaboutaman’sodysseytotracehisfamilyhistorythatstretchesbackgenerations.alongjourney,oftenwithadventuresanddifficulties2.Ihadbeendoingwellacademically,butImetmyWaterloointheMathstestlastweek.beingdefeatedafteralongperiodofsuccess3.SamtriedtosaveeverypennyhehadearnedandsomeofhisfriendssaidhewasabitofaScrooge.apersonwhohatesspendingmoney4.MonicaseemedtohavetheMidastouch:allherinvestmentsturnedouthighlyprofitable.theabilitytoachieveafinancialsuccess5.Unfortunately,hisgreedopenedaPandora’sbox.somethingthatwouldcausealotofproblemsonceitisstartedFinishB2onPage49,andthenanswerthefollowingquestions.Whatisthemeaningoflife?Thisisaquestionthatmanhasbeenwrestlingwithsincehefirstbegantothink.Evenifyouwerea(n)(1)_________,youwouldprobablystruggletoanswerthisquestionsimplybecausethereisnosingleanswerthatwouldsatisfyeveryone.Whilegettingtogripswiththemeaningoflifeisa(n)(2)______________,IwouldliketodrawyourattentiontothreebuildingblockswhichIbelievewillhelpmakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Firstly,makesenseofyourlifeexperiences.Forexample,whenyouareinnature,takethetimetoappreciatethetrees,theflowers,thebirdsandthesky.Whenyouarewithfriendsorfamily,putyourmobilephoneawayandenjoyclosehumaninteraction.EinsteinHerculeantaskSecondly,youneedtogiveyourlifepurpose.Findoutwhatmattersmosttoyouandworkforit.Forusstudents,thisusuallymeanstryingtodowellatschool.However,youalsoneedtobeawareofwhatyouwishtoachieveinthelongrunandmoreimportantly,howtogoforit.Thirdly,itisessentialtounderstandthatyourlifeshouldbesignificanttoothers.Thiscanbeachievedbydevotingyourtimetocharitablecauses.Youdon’tneedtobea(n)(3)________________,butresearchshowsthatbyhelpingothersyoualsofeelgoodaboutyourself.Hopefully,byconsideringthebuildingblocksabove,youwillbeabletosetyourselfthosegoalsthatwillallowyoutofollowyourown(4)________________towardsalifeofgreatermeaning.MotherTeresayellowbrickroad1.Whatquestionhasmanbeenwrestlingwithsincehefirstbegantothink?Why?Thequestionisthemeaningoflife.Becausethereisnosingleanswerthatwouldsatisfyeveryone.2.Howcanstudentsrealizetheirlifepurposes?Studentsshouldtrytodowellatschool.Also,theyneedtobeawareofwhattheywishtoachieveinthelongrunandmoreimportantly,howtoachieveit.Discusswithyourclassmatesandthenwriteashortparagraphaboutyourideasofthemeaningoflifeusingallusions.ApplyingtherulesIntegratedskillsContinuingastoryaboutthepursuitofhappinessWhatmakesyouhappy?Why?Lead-in

Therearemanythingsthatmakemehappy.Forexample,beingtreatedtoaheartymeal,receivingapresentthatIhavelongedfor,travellingtoanewplace,winningothers’respectorteachers’praise,makingfriendsormakingupwithfriendsafteranargument,etc.ListentothereportandfinishA1.ListeningAsurveyonhappinessInterviewees120peoplebetweentheagesof(1)_________,bothmaleandfemaleResultsThethreemostimportantcontributorstohappinessFamilyandfriends:(2)____________Health:72%Successatwork:(3)________ListentothereportagainandfinishA2.16and70About87%55%Theinterviewees’planstofindmorehappinessSpendingmoretimewiththosethatmattertothem:

(4)_____Takingbettercareof(5)_____________:67%Improving(6)______________________:56%75%theirbodytheirworkefficiencyReadingReadthefirstpartofthestoryonPage51andfillinthefollowingmindmap.

Findinghappinessinlife(PartI)Para.1:(1)ThefrostyatmosphereinJohn’sfamilyduringbreakfastParas.2–4:(2)John’sapologyandthefamilymembers’responsesPara.5:(3)John’sreflectiononhislifeSettingCharactersPlotReadingReadthefirstpartofastoryonPage51andfillinthetable.John’shomeJohn,hiswifeJenny,histeenagesonKevinandhisfive-year-olddaughterSophieJohn’sfamilywerenothappywithJohnbecauseheignoredthem.Johnhadbeenbusywithhiswork,andhethoughthecouldmakehisfamilyhappywithhardwork,butthenherealizedthatsomethingwaswrong.1.WhatmadeJohn’sfamilyunhappy?2.HowdidJohndefinehappiness?ReadthefirstpartofastoryonPage51anddiscussthefollowingquestions.

John’soverworkingandneglectinghisfamilymadeJohn’sfamilyunhappy.

AccordingtoJohn,happinessmeansbeingdevotedtohisworkandbringingmorematerialwealthtohisfamily.1.Whatisacontinuationwriting?Writing2.Whataspectsshouldwepayattentiontowhenwritingacontinuationwriting?WritingWeshouldpayattentiontothetheme,theplot,thelanguageofourcontinuationwriting.Andweshouldneverforgetaneathandwriting.WritingAspectsAssessmentstandardsthemehaveaclearandpositivethemeplotbehighlyrelevantwiththeoriginalstorybeconsistentwiththegivensentenceatthebeginningoftheparagraphlanguage

useaccuratewordswithcorrectgrammarrichlanguageexpressions(descriptionofdetailsandavarietyofsentencepatterns)Laterthatday,Johnwenttowork,determinedtomakechanges._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Soon,Johnfeltabigimprovementinhislifeandwork._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ExtendedreadingThreedaystosee(Excerpt)Humansperceivetheworldbasedonsignalsreceivedthroughtheskin,eyes,nose,tongueandears.Thebraintakesthesesignalsandmakessenseofthem,creatingourinterpretationoftheworld.Withoutthesesenses,wewouldhardlythinkorlearnanythingatall.Lead-inHowdopeopleperceivetheworld?Whyisthewayweperceivetheworldimportant?

Para.3:(3)____________________________________________________Para.2:(2)______________________________________________________Part1:(Paras.1–3)(1)____________Para.1:HowweshouldliveeachdayReadingIntroductionTheuseoffacultiesandsensesbypeoplewithgoodsensesFillinthemindmapoftheadaptedexcerpt.Para.4:ThereasonofimaginingwhatIshouldmostliketoseeinthreedaysPart2:(Paras.4–7)MainbodyPara.5:(4)___________________________Para.6:(5)___________________________Para.7:(6)___________________________OnthefirstdayOntheseconddayOnthethirdandlastdayPart3:(Para.8)(7)____________Para.8:(8)____________________________AdvicetopeoplewithgoodsensesConclusionHowshouldweliveeachday?

Weshouldliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.Weshouldliveeachdaywithagentleness,avigor,andakeennessofappreciation.2.Howdopeopleneversufferingthelossofsightorhearingusetheirsenses?

Theyseldommakethefullestuseoftheirfaculties.Theireyesandearstakeinallsightsandsoundshazily,withoutconcentrationandwithlittleappreciation.3.Howistheauthordifferentfromhergoodfriendintermsofwhattheyseeinthewoods?

Afterreturningfromalongwalkinthewoods,theauthor’sgoodfriendobservednothinginparticular.Incontrast,theauthorcanfindhundredsofthingsthatinterestherthroughmeretouch.ReadParagraphs1–3andanswerthefollowingquestions.Whydoestheauthorimaginewhatsheshouldmostliketoseeifshehadthreedaysofsight?

Becausetheauthorwantstobestillustratehowmuchmorebeautymustberevealedbysight.ReadParagraph4andanswerthefollowingquestion.ReadParagraphs5–7andfillinthefollowingtable.DayWhattodoWhyDay1Thepeoplewhosekindness,gentlenessandcompanionshiphavemademylifeworthlivingGazinglonguponthefaceofmydearteacherSheistheonewhoopenedtheouterworldtomeandaccomplishedthedifficulttaskofmyeducationwithsympathetictendernessandpatience.LookinglongintothefacesofallmydearfriendsImprintinguponmymindtheoutwardevidenceofthebeautythatiswithinthemDayWhattodoWhyDay1TakingalongwalkinthewoodsandrestingmyeyesonthebeautiesofNatureItissomethingmanhascreatedtoextendthepowerofhissight.ExperiencingthedoubledelightofbeingabletoseebyartificiallightDayWhattodoWhyDay2Ahastyglimpseoftheworld,pastandpresent,andprobeintothesoulofmanthroughhisartSpendingtheeveningatatheatreoratthemoviesTheNewYorkMuseumofNaturalHistoryThecondensedhistoryoftheearthanditsinhabitantsisdisplayedthere.TheMetropolitanMuseumofArtThespiritofEgypt,GreeceandRome,asexpressedintheirart,isunfoldedbeforemethere.IshouldliketoseewithmyowneyesthefascinatingfigureofHamlet,ortheheartyFalstaff.DayWhattodoWhyDay3Theworkdayworldofthepresent:NewYorkCity,withsomanyactivitiesandconditionsofmenStartingfrommyhomeinaquietlittlesuburb,anddrivingacrosstheEastRiverSeeingwithmyowneyesthecitybelowmeTheEmpireStateBuildingDayWhattodoWhyDay3Theworkdayworldofthepresent:NewYorkCity,withsomanyactivitiesandconditionsofmenAppreciatingtheovertonesofcomedyinthehumanspiritMakingatourofthecityMyeyesarewideopentoallthesightsofbothhappinessandsufferingsothatImayprobedeepandaddtomyunderstandingofhowpeopleworkandlive.RunningawaytothetheatretoagenuinelyfunnyplayWriteasummaryoftheadaptedexcerptbasedontheideasbelow.1.Howdopeopleusetheirsenses?2.WhatwouldHelenKellermostwanttoseeifshehadthreedaysofsight?3.WhatadvicedoesHelenKellergivetopeoplewithgoodsenses?

ReadParagraphs1–3andanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofoursenses?AppreciationInthefirstparagraph,theauthorintroducestherightattitudetowardslifebyusingsubjunctivemoodinthefirstsentence.Inthesecondparagraph,thefirstsentenceservesasatransitiontosmoothlyshiftfromhowweshouldlivetohowweshoulduseoursenses.Bothsentencesrevealthefactthatmostofuslacktherightattitudetowardslifeandfailtomakeuseofalloursenses,whichisthought-provoking.2.Howdoestheauthordemonstratetheimportanceofoursenses?

Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorfirstexplainsnormalpeople’sinadequateuseoftheirsenses.Thenshedemonstratestheimportanceofoursensesbyusingtwosentencescontainingsubjunctivemood“Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeagoodthingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehimmoreappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.”Theauthoralsousesparallelstructuresinthelastsentencetomakeherillustrationmoreeffective.ReadParagraphs4–7andanswerthefollowingquestion.Howdoestheauthorunfoldwhatshelongstoseeonthethreedays?InParagraph4,theauthorputsforwardtwoquestionstoinspirethoughtandfurtherillustration:“IfIcangetsomuchpleasurefrommeretouch,howmuchmorebeautymustberevealedbysight?”and“WhatwouldImostwanttoletmygazerestupon?”Then,inParagraphs5to7,theauthoruseslinkingwordslike“onthefirstday”,“thesecondday”,“thethirdandlastday”toshowthesequenceofwhatsheshouldwanttosee.Theauthoralsoprioritizeswhatshelongstoseeonthethreedayssothatshecandealwiththemostimportantfirst.Expressionlike“whendarknesshadfallen”,“first”,“next”,“then”,“intheevening”areusedtomaketheauthor’sillustrationclearandlogical.Moreover,theauthoroftengivesexplanationsordetailsofeachthingshewantstoseeanddo,helpingthereaderclearlyunderstandwhatshewantstodoandwhywhilealsoimaginingthescenariosinthemeantime.ReadParagraph8andanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Howdoestheauthorreemphasizehowtomakeuseofoureyesintheconclusion?InParagraph8,theauthorusessubjunctivemoodandparallelstructurestoemphasizeagainhowtomakeus