裕兴版新概念英语第二册笔记第3课

HYPERLINK单词讲解Newwordsandexpressionssend(sent,sent)v.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoil(spoiledorspoilt)v.使索然无味，损坏museumn.博物馆publicadj.公共的friendlyadj.友好的waitern.服务员，招待员lend(lent,lent)v.借给decisionn.决定wholeadj.整个的singleadj.唯一的，单一的1.send寄，送，派遣，打发causesbtogoorsthtobetakenwithoutgoingoneself(send–sent–sent)加双宾语sendsbsth=sendsthtosb把东西寄给某人eg.sendmeapostcard=sendapostcardtome寄给我一张明信片eg.IsentmymotherapresentonMother’sday.在母亲节那天我寄给妈妈一份礼物。=IsentapresenttomymotheronMother’sday.加单宾语sendsth寄什么东西sendsb派遣，打发某人sendalettersendaparcelsendthechildrentobed打发孩子去睡觉3）sendsbmylove=givesbmylove代我向。。。致意eg.Pleasesendyoursistermylove.请把我的问候带给你的姐姐。=Pleasesendmylovetoyoursister.eg.Pleasesayhellotoyourbrother.=Pleasesayhitoyourbrother.eg.Remembermetoyourparents.代我问候你的父母。正式的表达Givemyregardstoyourparents.更为正式的表达4）sendforsb派人去请，去叫。。。sendforsthsendforadoctor派人去叫医生sendforataxi去叫一辆出租车★2.postcardn.明信片card卡片；贺卡aChristmascardabirthdaycardaget-wellcard康复卡anidentitycard身份证apostcardcards纸牌apackofcards一副纸牌1）one’sbestcard=one’sstrongestcard某人最好的一张牌，王牌，绝招2)givesbhiscards开出，解雇某人（非正式表达）3）layone’scardsonthetable=putone’scardsonthetable摊牌postn./v.邮，寄post-bag邮袋post-box(U.S.:mailbox)邮筒，邮箱post-code邮政编码postofficepostman(U.S.:mailman)postmark邮戳post-free免付邮资的，邮资已付的post-paid邮资已付的3.spoil-spoiled-spoiled使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋-spoilt-spoilt英式英语中多用不规则形式：eg.dreamt;spoilt(Br)美式英语中多用规则形式：eg.dreamed;spoiled(Am)thewholecountrythewholeworldeg.Let’sforgetthewholeaffair.我们忘了这件事情吧。把它彻底忘掉吧。=Let’sforgetthewholematter/thing.2）n.整个，整体eg.Fourquartersmakeawholequartern.四分之一，一季度，一刻钟eg.Cuttheappleintoquarters.把苹果切成四瓣。Halfn.一半eg.Twohalvesmakeawhole.两个一半构成一个整体。Halfoftheworkisdone.一半工作被完成了。asawhole整个地onthewhole总的来说，一般来讲eg.Onthewhole,Iagreewithyourdecision.总的来说，我同意你的观点。Wholesale批发wholesaler批发商retail零售retaildealer/retailtrader零售商★11.single1)adj.唯一的，单一的onlyoneasingleletter唯一的一封信asingleapplehangingfromthetree树上挂着唯一的苹果asingleticket单程票aroundticket/areturnticket往返票2)adj.未婚的，独身的singlemenandwomen单身男女married已婚的adj.单独一个人使用的asinglebed单人床adoublebed双人床asingleroomadoubleroom4)adj.single-parent单亲asingle-parentfamily一个单亲家庭HYPERLINK关键句型KeyStructuresSimplepast一般过去时1.功能：表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间之内发生的动作或情况，通常搭配过去的某一段时间。eg.Wevisitedtheschoollastyear.我们去年参观了这个学校。2.构成形式:1)规则变化：v.+edwalked,happened不规则变化：eat–atego–wentsee–sawcome–came2)be–was/wereeg.Iwasn’tinyesterday.我昨天不在家。eg.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasyoung.当我年轻的时候我骑车去上学。体会动词的过去式Policeman:Didyouseetheaccident,sir?先生，你看到那个事故了吗？Man:Yes,Idid.Thedriverofthatcarhitthatpostoverthere.是的，我看到了。那个司机撞倒那个杆子上去。hit–hit–hitP:Whathappened?发生什么事了？M:Adogranacrosstheroadandthedrivertriedtoavoidit.Thecarsuddenlycametowardsme.Itclimbedontothepavementandcrashedintothatpost.一条狗穿过马路，那位司机企图躲开狗。突然，汽车朝我开过来。它走上人行道，撞倒那根杆子上。Pavement:人行道P:Whatdidyoudo?你做了什么？M:Iranacrossthestreetafterthedog.我穿过马路去追狗。P:Whydidyoudothat?Wereyouafraidofthecar?你为什么这样做呢？你怕汽车吗？M:Iwasn’tafraidofthecar.Iwasafraidofthedriver.Thedrivergotoutofthecarandbeganshoutingatme.Hewasveryangrywithme.Yousee,itwasmydog.我不怕汽车。我怕那个司机。那个司机下车并对我大喊。一般过去时与一般现在时的区别：Herbrotherwasanartist.他的哥哥是一个艺术家。Was表示已去世Herbrotherisanartist.尚健在That’sallIhadtosay.这是我要说的。(话已说完)That’sallIhavetosay.这是我要说的。(言之未尽)Itwassonicetoseeyou.我真高兴见到你。(离别时说)Itissonicetoseeyou.我真高兴见到你。（见面时说）一般过去时的练习：Myfriend,Roy,____(die)lastyear.He____(leave)mehisCDplayerandhiscollectionofCDs.Roy____(spend)alotofmoneyonCDs.He____(buy)oneortwonewCDseveryweek.Henever____(go)tothecinemaortothetheatre.He____(stay)athomeeveryeveningand____(listen)tomusic.Heoften____(lend)CDstohisfriends.Sometimesthey____(keep)them.He____(lose)manyCDsinthisway.diedleftspentboughtwentstayedlistenedlentkeptlostHYPERLINK课文讲解TextPostcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!1.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.always总是（频度副词）holidayholiday较长的假期不能指一天的假期aholiday指一天的假期goonholiday去度假beonholiday正在度假vacation1)法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday。2)每年的例行休假，英式holiday，美式vacationleave指雇员因某种原因而获准休假askforaleave请假takeFrenchleave不辞而别leaveinanEnglishstyle(法)不辞而别2.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.ItalyItalianpublicgarden公园3.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.teachteachsbsth双宾语toughtmeafewwordsofItalianteachmyselfEnglish自学英语teachsbalesson/givesbalesson教训某人一顿teachsbtodosthteachfishtoswim班门弄斧=teachyourgrandmothertosuckeggseducate知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育。teach指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育程度。coach非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行辅导，或对体育运动进行指导。train训练，使在行为，技能或体能上达到要求。instruct教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；指导；命令wordn.1)词newwordsandexpressions2)话，语言eg.Idon’tbelieveawordofhisstory.他的话我一句也不相信。3)消息eg.Wordcamethathehadrunintotrouble.有消息传来说他现在麻烦了。短语eg.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行动胜于语言。haveawordinsb’sear和某人说句悄悄话haveawordwithsb和某人说一句话havewordswithsb和某人吵架havewordfromsb听到，受到某人消息4.Thenhelentmeabook.lendsbsth借给某人什么东西5.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.read–read–read[ri:d][red][red]6.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout+n./doing思考，思索，回想，想起eg.Doyouoftenthinkaboutyourchildhood?你经常回想你的童年时代吗？thinkof考虑，想起，记起eg.Ithoughtofpostcards.我总是想起明信片。7.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.1)passv.(passed)2)sendsthtosb=sendsbstheg.Ididnotsendcardstomyfriends.=Ididn’tsendmyfriendspostcards.8.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.makeadecision做出决定9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.10.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend花费，通常指某人花费了时间，金钱，精力等sbspendtime/money/energyonsth某人花费时间、金钱、精力在某事上sbspendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth某人花费时间、金钱、精力做某事eg.Hespendsmoneyasifhewereamillionaire.他花起钱来就好像是个百万富翁一样。eg.Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeonclothes.她花费所有的时间和钱在买衣服上。=Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeinbuyingclothes.eg.IspendawholehourinexplainingtheimportanceoflearningEnglishtohim.我花了整整一小时来给他解释学校英语的重要性。SpecialDifficulties----过去式功能：动词过去式表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。英语中有些动词可以加双宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。eg.Helentmeabook.(me:简介宾语)(abook:直接宾语)一般简介宾语置于直接宾语之前，一旦简介宾语置于直接宾语之后，简介宾语前要加to或for来表达。To表示动作对谁所做，表示方向性；for表示为了谁所做，是目的性。Helentabooktome.eg.Hesentmeacard.Hesentacardtome.Hepassedmethesalt.Hepassedthesalttome.Heboughtmeatie.Heboughtatieforme.Shemademeacake.Shemadeacakeforme.Exercise:改写下列句子1)Hepaidtheshopkeepersomemoney.Hepaidsomemoneytotheshopkeeper.2)Hehandedmetheprize.Hehandedtheprizetome.3)Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertotheman.Thewaiterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.4)Hesoldallhisbookstome.Hesoldmeallhisbooks.5)Theshopassistantfoundsomecurtainmaterialforme.Theshopassistantfoundmesomecurtainmaterial.6)Hedidmeabigfavour.dosbafavour帮某人一个忙Hedidabigfavourforme.7)Sheshowedherhusbandhernewhat.Sheshowedhernewhattoherhusband.8)Shepromisedarewardtothefinder.Shepromisedthefinderareward.9)Hegavehissonsomeadvice.Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.10)Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.Hisuncleleftsomemoneyto/forhim.11)HeisteachingEnglishtous.HeisteachingusEnglish.12)Iboughtthisbunchofflowersforyou.Bunchofflowers一束鲜花Iboughtyouthisbunchofflowers.13)Bringthatbooktomeplease.Bringmethatbookplease.14)Heofferedmeacigarette.Heofferedacigarettetome.15)Readmethefirstparagraph.Readthefirstparagraphforme.16)I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.I’veorderedyousomesoup.17)Iowehimalotofmoney.Iowealotofmoneytohim.18)Passthemustardtoyourfather.Mustard芥末Passyourfatherthemustard.Afterdinner,mustard.马后炮HYPERLINK练习Exercises1.Hewasafriendlywaiter.Hespoketothewriter____.AfriendBasfriendsClikefriendsDinafriendlyway朋友作为朋友像朋友一样以友好的方式2.Onthelastdayhemadeabigdecision.Itwasthe____dayofhisholiday.AfinalBendClatestDbottomB最后，结束，n./v.不能修饰名词C最近的，最新的D底部，末端A最后的。3.Hedidn’twriteasinglecard.Sohe____.AwroteonlyoneBdidn’twriteevenoneCwrotejustoneDwroteallthecardsexceptone4.Thereisneedtocheckthe____ofthereport.AfrequencyBaccuracyCemergencyDefficiencyAfrequentadj.频率很高的，经常的；Baccurateadj.准确的，精确的；Cemergentadj.紧急的；Defficientadj.有效率的，效率很高的。HYPERLINK复习Review1.时态：一般过去时,描述过去某时发生的动作，或者描述过去出现的状态的时候也使用过去时。eg.Lastweek,Iwenttothetheatre.上周，我去看戏了。Imetanoldfriendinthestreetthismorning.今天早上我在大街上看到一个老朋友。Iwasalawyerbefore.我以前是个律师。Theyquarreledyesterday.昨天他们吵架了。一般过去时描述的过去某时做了某事或过去某时出现的状态。2.双宾语现象：通常表示给予的动词，可以将人和物同作为宾语。paysbmoney付给某人钱=paymoneytosbpasssbsth递给某人某物时=passsthtosbbuysbsth=buysthforsbto表示方向性，f