华中科技大学考博英语历年真题详解

2003年春季华中科技大学考博英语真题及详解考试科目：英语适用专业：PartⅠ.Listeningcomprehension(10%)Directions:Inthispartyouwillhearthreelongtalksorpassages.Eachwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachtalkorpassage,therewillbesomequestions.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Question1to4arebasedonthetalkyou’vejustheard.1.A.Shewantshimtolistentothenoise.B.Shewantshimtoexaminethemachine.C.Shewantshimtowashtheclothes.D.Shewantshimtorepairthemachine.2.A.Heasksthewomantoignorethenoise.B.Heasksthewomantolethimfinishhisreading.C.Heasksthewomantoringtheshopandaskthemtorepairit.D.Heasksthewomantostopwashing.3.A.Themanfromtheshopoverchargedthenforhiswork.B.Themanfromtheshopchargedthemtwopounds.C.Themanfromtheshoprefusedtorepairthemachine.D.Themanfromtheshopfixedthemachinecarelessly.Questions4to6arebasedonthepassageyou’rejustheard.4.A.Differentbusinessesproducedifferentproducts.B.Eachworkerplaysacertainroleinfinishingacertainproduct.C.Theworkersareveryspecializedexpertsintheirfield.D.Eachworkerisonlyconcernedwithhisownwork.5.A.Itiseasyfortheworkerstobecomeexperts.B.Itwillreducethelabor.C.Itwillraisetheproductivity.D.Itwillmaketheworkerssatisfiedwiththeirwork.6.A.Thedivisionoflaborbringsaboutmassproduction.B.Mostworkershavenoideahowtheproductionisoperatedonthewhole.C.Workersseemtobeunabletogetasenseofsatisfactionfromworking.D.Workingononesmalldutydayafterdayisdull.Questions7to10arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.7.A.Wewillnothaveenoughfoodtoeat.B.Alltheoilthatdrivesourcarwillbeusedup.C.Theearthwillbecomeicecrowded.D.TherewillbelittlewaterleftonEarth.8.A.Venusistoohot.B.Thereisnowaterthere.C.Thereisnooil.D.Itislackingincarbondioxide.9.A.Alargeamountofcarbon.B.Heavyrain.C.Thepropertemperature.D.Enoughwater.10.A.ThewaytoensurethesurvivalofthehumanraceonVenus.B.ThewaytobreedorganismsonVenus.CThewaytoreducethepopulationoftheEarth.D.Thewaytoconquertheuniverse.【答案】略查看答案PartⅡ.Cloze(15%)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Withthepassageoftime,thewaveofchangealsospreadtocities.Theexpression“one’s(11)_____onmarriage”begantoappear,asdidtheconceptof“marriageasoneoflife’smany(12)_____,”The(13)_____ofmenstillunmarriedintheirthirtiesreachedabouttwentypercentinthenational(14)_____takenin1985,andtheadvent(到来)ofa“hard-to-get-marriedera”begantobe(15)_____talkedabout.Thefigureapparently(16)_____30percentin1995.(17)_____,thehighestrateofmalesinglesintheirthirtieswas(18)_____inTokyo,includingthatthe(19)_____numberofunmarriedmenwasnolongera(20)_____ruralproblem.Whataboutwomen?Theproportionofunmarriedwomeninthe25-59agebracket(年龄段)hasbeenincreasing(21)_____about5percenteveryfiveyearsuntilitisnownearly50percent.Whataretherealreasonswomen(22)_____nottomarry?Earlyon,twowerecited:womenarenowbettereducatedandmorewomenareinterestedinworkingoutsidethehome.AministryofEducationsurvey(23)_____in1989foundthat35.8percentofmalehighschoolgraduateswentontocollegeoruniversity(includingjuniorcollege)-lessthanthe36.8percentforfemalegraduates.Thiswasthefirsttimesincetheministrystartedsuchsurveysthatwomenhadoutnumberedmeningoing(24)_____highereducation.(25)_____,theproportionofwomenwithjobsoutsidethehomereached49.5percentin1989.11.A.outlookB.lookoutC.conceptionD.belief12.A.optionsB.alterationsC.substitutesD.preferences13.A.rationB.rationC.proportionD.rates14.A.investigationB.censusC.searchD.approach15.A.verymuchB.fairlyC.ratherD.much16.A.transcendedB.proceededC.precededD.exceeded17.A.NonethelessB.NeverthelessC.MoreoverD.Likewise18.A.recordedB.providedC.grantedD.supplied19.A.growingB.grownC.advancingD.promoting20.A.primaryB.primeC.primarilyD.chief21.A.forB.atC.byD.with22.A.offerB.longC.chooseD.expect23.A.sponsoredB.conductedC.imposedD.enforced24.A.withB.inforC.aboutD.after25.A.IncidentallyB.VirtuallyC.MeanwhileD.Furthermore【答案与解析】11.C conception观念，概念。outlook展望，前景。lookout监视，守望处。12.A 句意：婚姻是人生中的众多选择之一。option选择。alteration改动，更改。substitute代替品。preference偏爱，优惠。13.C 与后文第三段proportionofunmarriedwomen照应。proportion比例，百分比。ration定量，配给量。rate率，比率。14.A investigation调查，研究。census人口普查，官方统计。search搜寻，探寻。approach方法，步骤。15.D 句意：即将到来的结婚难时代被讨论得相当多。16.B proceed向某一方向前进。transcend超越，超出。precede领先于。exceed超越，胜过。17.D likewise同样地。nonetheless虽然如此，但是。nevertheless然而，不过。moreover此外。18.B 30岁单身男性比率最高的是日本。19.D growing成长的。promoting上升的，提升的。advancing进步，推进。20.C primarily起初地，主要地，副词修饰形容词rural。21.C increaseby以…的速率增长。22.A 句意：妇女们给出的不结婚的真正原因是什么？23.B 实施一项调查：conductasurvey。24.D goafter追求，追逐。goinfor参加（比赛等）。goabout从事，着手。25.A incidentally伴随而来的。virtually实际上，事实上。meanwhile同时。furthermore此外，而且。PartⅢ.Readingcomprehension(40)Directions:Inthispart,thereare4readingpassages.Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandanswerthequestionsattheendofeachpassage.ChoosethebestanswertoeachquestionandwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Passage1Theevolutionofintelligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseanimals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledtoageneralimprovementinbrainfunctions;however,certaincomponentsofintelligencewereimprovedfarmorethanothers.Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeeperescapersisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarryingconsciousnessforwardfromonmomenttothenext.Itrangesfromapassive,free-floatingawarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.Therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconvergingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevels,sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawake,morevigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsintheapprehensionofevermoresubdesignalsastheorganismbecomesmoresensitivetoitssurroundings.Theprocessesofarousalandconcentrationgiveattentionitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneral,withafloodingofimpulsesinthebrainstem;thengraduallytheactivationischanneled.Thusbeginsconcentration,theholdingofconsistentimages.Onemeaningofintelligenceisthewayinwhichtheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecontextofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswithperceivedendsandpurposes.Theelementsofintelligenceandconsciousnesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedifferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivoresandcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofattentionrelatedtoescapingorchasing.Althoughinbothkindsofanimals,arousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglands,theeffectinherbivoresisprimarilyfear,whereasincarnivorestheeffectispossiblyaggression.Forboth,arousalattunestheanimaltowhatisahead,perhapsitdoesnotexperienceforethoughtasweknowit,buttheanimaldoesexperiencesomethinglikeit.Thepredatorissearchinglyaggressive,innerdirected,tunedbythenervoussystemandtheadrenalhormones,butawareinasenseclosertohumanconsciousnessthan,say,ahungrylizard’sinstinctivesnapatapassingbeetle.Usingpasteventsasaframework,thelargemammalpredatorisworkingoutarelationshipbetweenmovementandfood,sensitivetopossibilitiesincoldtrailsanddistantsounds-andyesterday’sunforgottenlessons.Theherbivorepreyisofadifferentmind.Itsmoodofwarinessratherthansearchinganditsattitudeofgeneralexpectancyinsteadofanticipatingaresilk-thinveilsoftranquilityoveranexplosiveendocrinesystem.26.Theauthorofthispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith_____.A.demonstratingtheimportanceofhormonesinmentalactivityB.disprovingtheviewthatherbivoresarelessintelligentthancarnivoresC.establishingadirectlinkbetweenearlylargemammalsandtheirmoderncounterpartsD.describingarelationshipbetweenanimals,intelligenceandtheirecologicalroles27.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinanimalslessintelligentthanthemammals_____.A.PastexperienceislesshelpfulinensuringsurvivalB.muscularcoordinationislesshighlydevelopedC.thereislessneedforcompetitionamongspecies.D.attentionismorehighlyfocused.28.Theauthorreferstoahungrylizard(Para.3)primarilyinorderto_____.A.offeranobjectiontopsuggestionsthatallanimalslackconsciousnessB.makeadistinctionbetweenhigherandlowerlevelsofconsciousnessC.broadentheapplicationofhisargumentbyincludinganinsectivoreasanexampleD.demonstratethesimilaritybetweenthehuntingmethodsofmammalsandthoseofnon-mammals29.According,tothepassage,improvementinbrainfunctionamongearlylargemammalsresulted_____.A.improvementofthecapacityformemoryamongherbivoresandcarnivoresB.interactionofearlylargemammalswithlessintelligentspeciesC.persistenceoffree-floatingawarenessinanimalsofthegrasslandsD.interplayofpredatorandprey30.Accordingtothepassage,astheprocessofarousalinanorganismcontinues,allofthefollowingmayoccurEXCEPT_____.A.theproductionofadrenalineB.theproductionofnorepinephrineC.anexpansionoftherangeofstatesmediatedbythebrainstemD.aheighteningofsensitivitytostimuli【答案与解析】26.D 本文主要讲的是动物之间的生态学关系以及intelligence关系。27.A 最后一段说大型哺乳动物能够usingpastevents，但Theherbivorepreyisofadifferentmind，它们强调小心谨慎，由此可判断对animalslessintelligent来说先前的经验不会太有用。28.A 作者举这个例子是为了证明awareinasenseclosertohumanconsciousnessthan，选项A表述意思符合。29.D 从第二段Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeeperescapers可以判断大脑功能的变化引起了捕食者和猎物的交互变化。30.C 选项A，B，D在文中第二、三段分别对应句为arousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrine；sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased。Passage2MostpeoplecanmeasuretheirstatusatworkbyfourP’s:paychecks,promotions,performancereviews,andperks(特殊待遇).Forwomen,itispaychecksthatoftenspeaktheloudestabouthowemployersvaluethem—orundervaluethem.Despitegains,manywomenstillearn,onaverage.Just74centsforeverydollarmenearn,reportstheU.S.CensusBureau.Dothemath:That’s26centsperdollarlost.Overaworkinglifetime,thepoientialincomeaddsuptostaggeringlosses.Asoneexample,theInstituteforWomen’sPolicyResearchinWashingtoncalculatesthattheaverage29-year-oldworkingwomanwithacollegedegreewilllose990.000dollarstothepaygapoverhercareer.Toemphasizejusthowmuchthatincomegapbetweenmenandwomencostswomen,theWorkingWomen’sDepartmentoftheAFL-CIOlastweeklaunchedanunusualWebsite—www.aflcio.Org/women/equalplay.htm—forequalpay.Avisitortothesitesimplyentershercurrentsalary,agegroup,andeducationlevel.Thenthescreenshowshowmuchthepaygapcouldcosther.Forahypothetical40-year-oldcollegeeducatedwomanearning40,000dollars,thefigureis844,107dollars.Inreallife,ofcourse,somewomen’slosseswillbeflower—orevennonexistent.Wagediscriminationhasbeenagainstthelawfor35years.Yetsystematicunderpaymentonthebasisofsexandracestillpervadestheworkplace.SincetheequalPayActwassignedin1963,thewagegaphasclosedattherateoflessthanhalfapennyayear,givingnewmeaningtotheterm“snail’space.”Womensecretaries,forexample,earnabout100dollarsaweeklessthanmaleclerks,accordingtotheNationalCommitteeonPayequity.Forwomenlawyers,medianweeklyearningsarenearly300dollarslessthanthoseofmalelawyers.Medianpayforwomenprofessorsis170dollarslessthantheirmalecounterparts.Thelistofdisparitiesgoeson.Twomythspersist.Thefirstisthatwomenworkforextras—vocations,clothes,secondcars.Intruth,womenworkforthesameeconomicreasonsmendo—topaytherent,buyfood,financecollegeeducation,saveforretirement,andyes,buyextrastoo.Thesecondmythholdsthatthepaygapisawoman’sissue.Nottrue.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichonebestshowsemployers’evaluationofwomenemployees?A.Paychecks.B.Promotions.C.Performancereviews.D.Perks.32.Women’saverageincomeis_____ofmen’saccordingtooneoftheU.S.Censusbureau’sreports.A.26%B.morethan70%C.80%D.85%33.TheequalpayWebsiteisopened_____.A.toappealforhigherpayforwomenB.toexpandthevisitor’svisionC.tomakeknownhowseriousthepaygapforwomenisD.toarousewomentostrugglefortheirownbenefits34.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Americanwomencouldn’tgetequalpaywithmenforlackofalawagainstwagediscrimination.B.TheEqualPayAct,signedin1963,isnoteffectiveingettingridofwagediscrimination.C.Althoughthereisalowforequalpay,itsenforcementisnotsatisfactory.D.Inreallife,allthewomen’slossesarelowerthan40,000dollarsayear.35.Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis_____.A.ThePayGapforWomenB.WageDiscriminationC.TheEqualPayactD.FourP’s【答案与解析】31.A 根据第一段Forwomen,itispaychecksthatoftenspeaktheloudestabouthowemployersvaluethem—orundervaluethem.，可知对女性职员来说薪水最能说明employers对他们的评价，选项A正确。32.B 根据第一段manywomenstillearn,onaveragejust74centsforeverydollarmenearn,reportstheU.S.CensusBureau，可以推断出女性的平均工资只是男性的74%，所以选项B正确，“70%多”。33.C 第三段开头指出了建立这一网站的目的是Toemphasizejusthowmuchthatincomegapbetweenmenandwomen，选项C符合。34.A 第五段提到了1963年签署了theequalPayAct来缩小男女之间的薪水差异，所以选项A说“美国妇女不能得到与男性同的的薪水待遇是因为没有这方面的法律来制止工资歧视”，是错误的。其他三个选项可以在第五、六段找到相应的文字说明。35.B 本文主要讲的是男女薪水差异，即薪水支付方面存在歧视，选项B作为文章标题比较合适。Passage3Priortoage11,childrentendtotelltheirparentswhat’sontheirminds—infact,parentsarefirstonthelist,saysMichaelRiera,authorofUncommonSenseforParentswithTeenagers.“Thiscompletelyreversesduringtheteenyears,”Rieraexplains.“Theytalktotheirfriendsfirst,thenmaybetheirteachersorcounselorsandtheirparentslast.”Parentswhodoknowwhat’sgoingonintheirchildren’slivesareinthebestpositiontohelpthem.Inathree-yearstudyofmorethan20,000adolescents,LaurenceSteinberg,ProfessorofpsychologyatTempleUniversityinPhiladelphiaandauthorofYouandyourAdolescent,foundthatteenswhoshareddetailsoftheirdailyliveswithparentswerelesslikelytohavetroublewithschoolworkorgetinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol.Yetmoreandmoreparentshaveatoughtimeconnectingwiththeirteenagers.Herearesevenstepsfroparentswhowanttobreakdownthewallsofsilence:Createa“listeningclimate.”“It’snotnaturalforteenagerstowanttositdownandtalk,”saysDr.CandaceErickson,abehavioralanddevelopmentalpediatricianandnewYorkCity’sColumbia-PresbyterianMedicalCenter.“Yourhavetomakeitseemnaturalforthem.”Thekey,sheadds,istocreateanongoing“listeningclimate”inyourhome.“Thisway,whenteenshavesomethingimportanttodiscuss,comingtoyouwiththeproblemwillseemlikeanordinarythingtodo.”Oneofthebestwaystoachievethisistosetasidespecialtimewithyourteenageronaregularbasis.NancyPistoriusofLawrence,Kan,saysthatmakesallthkedifferenceinherrelationshipwithher13-year-olddaughter,Alyssa,“SheandIgooutforlunchsometimes,ortothetheater.Andwehave‘adventures’together,likeonerecentSundaywhenweattendedapaintingworkshop.”Dinnerisanimportant—butoftenoverlooked—opportunityforsharedfamilytime.AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute,anonprofitresearchorganization,nearlyoneinfiveteenagersneverornevereatsdinnerwithhisorherparents.“Itsoundstoosimple,butaccordingtothethousandsofkidsI’veworkedwithover26years,thisreallydoesmakeadifference,”saysNancyRubin,aschoolteacherinMarin,Calif,andautoofAskMeifICare:VoicesfromanAmericanHighSchool,“Justthefactthattheirparentsareinterestedinwhattheyhavetosayeverynightatdinnergivesthemafeelingofbeingrespected.”36.AccordingtoMichaudRiera,childrenrendto_____priortoage11.A.telltheirparentswhat’sontheirmindsfirstB.telltheirparentswhat’sontheirmindslastC.telltheirteacherswhat’sontheirmindsfirstD.turnadeafeartotheirparents’advice37.ThestudyconductedbyLaurenceSteinbergshowsthat_____.A.childrenwhodonottelltheirparentswhat’sontheirmindstendtobeinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol.B.childrenwhodonotsharedetailsoftheirdailyliveswiththeirparentsaremorelikelytogetinvolvedwithdrugsoralcoholC.childrenwhotelltheirparentswhattheythinkwillkeep2goodrelationshipwiththeirparentsD.moreandmoreparentshavelatoughtimeconnectingwiththeirteenagers38.NancyPistoriusrelationshipwithherdaughterismentionedtosupporttheviewthat_____.A.arrangingspecialtimewithteenagersisquitebeneficialforimprovingtherelationshipbetweenparentsandkids.B.settingasidespecialtimewithchildrenisnaturalforcreatinga“listeningclimate”C.discussingimportantproblemsisoneofthebestwaystoconnectwithkidsD.It’snotnaturalforteenagerstowanttositdownandtalk39.AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute,thepercentageofteenagerswhorarelyornevereatdinnerwiththeirparentsis_____.A.5%B.20%C.25%D.51%40.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobethemainideaofthepassagethatfollowsthisone?A.Otherstepsforparentstocommunicatewiththeirteenagers.B.Talkingwithkidseverynightwillmakethemfeelrespected.C.Talkingwithkidsatdinnerisdifferentfromgoingoutfordinnerwiththem.D.thereasonswhyteenagersrarelyornevereatdinnerwiththeirparents.【答案与解析】36.A 根据第一段Priortoage11,childrentendtotelltheirparentswhat’sontheirminds可知，在11岁之前，孩子们往往会最先告诉父母自己的所想，选项A正确。37.B 从第二段teenswhoshareddetails…lesslikelyto…getinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol“乐意与父母分享细节的孩子吸毒和酗酒的几率较小”，可以推断不愿意与父母分享生活细节的孩子则更有可能getinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol。38.B 第五段举了Pistorius的例子说明Oneofthebestwaystoachievethisistosetasidespecialtimewithyourteenageronaregularbasis，this指的是上文的creatinga“listeningclimate，选项B正确。39.B 根据第六段AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute…nearlyoneinfiveteenagersrarelyornevereatsdinnerwithhisorherparents，oneinfive也就是20%。40.A 本文第三段说Herearesevenstepsforparentswhowanttobreakdownthewallsofsilence前面讲了两种，因此，根据逻辑，接下来会继续介绍另外5种方法。Passage4PubliccollegesanduniversitiesintheU.S.,subsidizeddirectlybystategovernments,arecapturinganexpandingshareofenrollment.Atthebeginningofthiscentury,morethan80%ofstudentswereenrolledinprivatecollegesanduniversities.Bythemiddleofthecentury,thefigurehadfallentoabout50%.Fromthe1960son,thistrendhasaccelerated.By1990,thecompositionhasreverseditselffromthebeginningofthecentury,withfouroutoffivestudentsenrolledinpublicuniversities.Duringthethreedecadesfrom1965to1995,thepublicsectorabsorbedmorethan86%ofthehighereducationenrollmentincrease.Theevidenceisstrongthatthestategovernmentpolicytocreateasystemofstate-runcollegesanduniversitiesthatdrasticallyunderpricesprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationhasresultedinathreattotheindependenthighereducationsystem.Thisunquestionedmarchawayfromprivatehighereducationtogovernmentcontrolisinefficientandharmfultoacivilizedsociety.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesprovideaneducationalexperiencequiredifferentfromstate-runinstitutions.Privatecollegesaremuchsmaller,withanaverageenrollmentofaround1,500.Theaverageenrollmentformpubliccollegesanduniversitiesismorethanfourtimesgreater,approaching7,000.Ofthe120largestinstitutionsofhighereducationintermsofenrollment,allbuteightarepublic.Eighty-fivepercentofcollegesthatenrolllessthan1,000studentsareprivate.Studentsatprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremorelikelytointeractwithfacultyandmoresatisfiedwithclassroominstruction.Theycompletetheirdegreesatamuchhigherratethantheircounterpartsatstate-runinstitutions.Privateinstitutionsgrantmoredoctorateandfirstprofessionaldegreesthanstateinstitutions,despitetheirmuchsmallerenrollment.Asidefromofferingadifferenttypeoflearningenvironment,asystemofprivatecollegesanduniversitiesismuchmoreefficientthanagovernment-runand–plannedsystem.Stategovernmentshavecreatedasituationwhereavastmajorityofstudentsattendacollegeforapricethatisfarbelowthetruecostofprovidingtheireducation,andtheeducationalisnotcontrolledverywellbythosewhoowntheinstitution.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisresponsibleforthedecreasingenrollmentinprivatecollegesanduniversities?A.Publiccollegesanduniversitiesgrantmorecourses.B.Publiccollegesanduniversitiesaremuchlargerthanprivatecollegesanduniversities.C.ThegovernmentdoesnotfinanceprivateinstitutionsbytheStategovernmentchargemuchlessthanprivatecollegesanduniversities.D.PubliccollegesanduniversitiesfinanciallysupportedbytheStategovernmentchargemuchlessthanprivatecollegesanduniversities.42.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthegovernment’spolicytosubsidizepubicuniversities?A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Neutral.43.Howmanymorestudentsdoesapublicuniversityenrollthanaprivateoneonanaverage?A.1,500B.7,000C.6,000D.5,500.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Studentsandteachersatprivateuniversitiescommunicatemoreoftenthanthoseatpublicones.B.Classroomteachingatprivateuniversitiesisbetterthanatpublicones.C.Becauseofsmallerenrollment,privateuniversitiesofferfewercoursesthanpublicones.D.Thetuitionofpublicuniversitiesisbelowthecostofprovidingtheireducation.45.Thepassageismainlyorganizedby_____.A.introducingthedecreasingenrollmentofprivateuniversitiesandenlistingtheadvantagesofprivateuniversitiestocriticizethegovernment’spolicyB.introducingaphenomenonandanalyzingitsreasonsC.comparingandcontrastingtwodifferentconceptsD.presentingageneralideaandgivingspecificexamples【答案与解析】41.D 从第二段collegesanduniversitiesthatdrasticallyunderpricesprivateinstitutionsofhighereducation，“那些学校的费用要远比私立高等教育便宜”，可以看出私立大学人数减少是因为公立大学的收费比较低，更具吸引力。42.C 从第二段Thisunquestionedmarch…isinefficientandharmfultoacivilizedsociety“效率低下，对文明社会有危害”，可以看出作者对政府的做法持批评态度。43.D 根据第三段Privatecollegesaremuchsmaller，平均入学人数约为1,500而政府平均入学人数则approaching7,000，可以得出选项D正确。44.C 文中并没有说私立学校因招收人数少，课程课程数目就比国立大学要少，所以选项C错误。其他三项在文章第四、五段分别都有叙述。45.A 本文第一段介绍了私立学校decreaseinenrollment，接下来分析了危害性，后面几段讲了私立学校的优点，选项A正确。PartⅣ.Translation(15%)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageinChineseandtranslatetheunderlinedpartfromChineseintoEnglishandwriteyourversionontheANSWERSHEET.研究显示全球性环境危机主要有：酸雨、臭氧层出现空洞、沙漠化和温室效应。最明显的事例寞过于我们人类所能感受到的气温上升。在美国和其他发达国家有大量关于全球升温对这些地区的影响的研究。这些研究表明，最易受影响的是那些依赖于天然降雨、融化的冰雪水、气温以及这些变量的极端状态的生态系统。农业、林业和沿海作业便属于这一类。然而，工业化国家的大部分经济活动几乎不受气候影响。像医院、通讯、重型制造业和微电子这些密集型行业不太受气候变化的影响。因此，如果要选择在西班牙或在华沙投资兴办这类企业，很少有人会把气温当作一个重要的因素来考虑。温室效应对美国国民总产值影响甚小。美国国民总产值中只有大约3%来自对气候敏感的行业，如农业、林业