新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类

新课标高考英语重点语法范例第一周派生词在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中，有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外，新考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。因此，掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题，还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量，为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。一、名词后缀1．动词＋­ion/­tion/­sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)correctv．改正；纠正 correctionn．改正celebratev．庆祝 celebrationn．庆祝；庆祝会concludev．完成；结束 conclusionn．结论；结束2．动词＋­er/­or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drivev．驾驶开车；驱赶 drivern．司机；驾驶员gatherv．聚集；采集 gatherern．收集者；采集者conductv．指挥；管理 conductorn．指挥；售票员3．动词＋­ment→名词punishv．惩罚 punishmentn．惩罚4．动词/形容词＋­th→名词warmadj.温暖的 warmthn．温暖growv．生长 growthn．生长5．形容词＋­y→名词difficultadj.困难的 difficultyn．困难honestadj.诚实的 honestyn．诚实6．形容词＋­ness→名词kindadj.善良的 kindnessn．善良7．动词＋­ance→名词annoyvt.使烦恼 annoyancen．生气；烦恼8．­ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格)membern．成员；会员 membershipn．会员资格professorn．教授 professorshipn．教授身份9．­ing结尾的名词gardenn．花园 gardeningn．园艺greetv．打招呼；问候 greetingsn．问候[针对训练]语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AFromthe1.expression(express)onMary’sface,heknewheleftabad2.impression(impress)onherandifshewonthe3.election(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4.Organization(organize),hecouldnotgether5.permission(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6.pollution(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7.inspiration(inspire)fromhiswife’swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.determination(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9.helper(help)！I’msureIwillbethe10.winner(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.BItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.earnings(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.birth(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3.death(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.Loneliness(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.relations(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.bravery(brave)and7.perseverance(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.citizenship(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.settlement(settle)．Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:Perseveranceleadsto10.happiness(happy)andsuccess.二、形容词后缀1．常见形容词后缀(1)名词＋­al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”)agriculturen．农业 agriculturaladj.农业的(2)动词＋­ive→形容词decidev．决定；下决心 decisiveadj.决定性的；关键的(3)动词＋­able→形容词(表示“能够”，“适于”，“值得”)changev．变化；兑换changeableadj.易变的；变化无常的(4)名词＋­ful→形容词caren．小心；关心 carefuladj.小心的；仔细的(5)名词＋­less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)caren.小心；关心 carelessadj.粗心的(6)名词＋­ly→形容词friendn．朋友 friendlyadj.友好的(7)名词＋­y→形容词dirtn．污物；脏物 dirtyadj.脏的(8)名词＋­ous→形容词dangern．危险 dangerousadj.危险的2．复合形容词的构成(1)形容词＋­ing分词 easy­going随和的(2)形容词＋名词＋­ed kind­hearted善良的；好心的(3)名词＋­ed分词 water­covered被水覆盖的(4)副词＋­ed分词 well­written写得好的(5)数词＋名词＋­ed three­legged三条腿的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的意思1．Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)()2．Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive.()3．Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable.()4．Herwordsstruckfearintoherheartsothatshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.()5．Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.()答案：1.不可思议的；难以置信的2.吸引人的3.可依赖的；靠得住的4.没有睡觉的；不眠的5.有霜的Ⅱ.语篇填空A：用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheis1.communicative(communicate)．Sheis2.active(act)inansweringtheteachers’questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.impressive(impress)and4.acceptable(accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.creative(create)and6.helpful(help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.homeless(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8.countless(count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9.friendly(friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10.famous(fame)girlinherschool.B：运用所学构词知识完成下列短文Ourjourneywasfar­reachingamongstsnow­covered/capped(雪封的)mountainswherenoEnglish­speaking(说英语的)peoplelive.Thelocalpeoplearegood­looking(相貌好看的),easy­going(随和的)andhard­working(勤劳的)．Ourhostesswasold­aged(年老的)，white­haired(白发苍苍的)andsun­burnt(被太阳晒伤的)．Shegavemehome­made(自家做的)yaksmilkcake,lookingself­satisfied(自足的)asIenjoyedthisraretreatalthoughverywell­known(著名)andwide­spread(广泛流传)aroundhere.IwasexhaustedwhenIfellintotheready­made(准备好了的)bedshepreparedforme.三、动词词缀1．前缀­en＋形容词→动词enrichv．丰富 enlargev．变大；增大；扩大2．形容词＋­en→动词shortenv．缩短 widenv．加宽3．­fy结尾的动词simplifyv．简化 classifyv．归类4．­ize结尾的动词realizev．认识到 popularizev．普及[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线部分的意思1．Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.()2．Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship.()3.Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizons.()4．Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.()答案：1.使能够2.使关系正常化3.拓宽视野4.使惊惧Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Tryyourbesttomemorize(memory)thesenewwords.2．Thequestionmustbesimplified(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.3．Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplantopurify(pure)thewastewater.4．Hequickened(quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.5．Youcanenlarge(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.四、否定词缀1．表示否定意义的前缀un­不，非unable不能够unlucky不幸的dis­不，非dishonest不诚实的discontinuous不连贯的in­不，非inactive不活跃的incorrect不正确的im­不，非impatient不耐烦的impossible不可能的ir­不，非irregular不规则的irresponsible不负责任的il­不，非illogical不合逻辑的illegal非法的non­不，非nonexistent不存在的nonstop直达的；连续不断的mis­错误mislead误导misunderstand误解dis­＋动词(意义相反)dislike不喜欢disagree不同意un­＋动词(意义相反)uncover揭开undress脱衣服2．表示否定意义的后缀名词＋­less→否定意义的形容词usen.用处；用途 uselessadj.无用的hopen.希望 hopelessadj.没有希望的；绝望的homen．家 homelessadj.无家可归的[针对训练]Ⅰ.阅读下列短文，写出画线单词的意思A1.misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecausedthebigfire.However,MissWangknewitwasnotthetruestory.Sosheinsistedthatthegovernmentshouldmakethetruthknowntothepublic.WhenMissWangknewthatherappealwas2.disallowed,_shefeltrather3.disappointed.Shedecidedto4.disclosethetruth:itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblamefortheterribledisaster.Shewantedtotellthepublicaboutthecoldnessofsomeofficials.Shebelievedthatthetruthmustbe5.uncoverednow.1．____________2.____________3.____________4．____________5.____________答案：1.错误观念2.驳回；不准许3.失望的；沮丧的4．揭露5.揭露；揭发Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)Thespeechseemedtobe1.nonstop(stop)andthelistenersbecamevery2.impatient_(patient)．Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3.non­renewable(renew)andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtitwas4.impractical_(practice)and5.unbearable_(bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They6.disbelieved_(believe)thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7.irresponsible(responsible)tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8.misunderstandings(understand)．Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave,shoutingloudlyandangrily.五、正确使用派生词1．动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。如果所给单词是其他词类，就要将其改为名词，并注意名词数的变化。(1)Doyouknowthedepth(deep)oftheriver?(2)Hiscarelessness(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident.(3)Heisoneofthescientists(science)whosupportthistheory.2．动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式。如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式。如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词形式。此外，如果所给动词有名词形式，就要看其后有无宾语。如果后有宾语，用动名词形式；后无宾语，则用名词形式。(1)Pleasepayattention(attend)toyourhandwriting.动词attend本身有名词形式attention,所以不用动名词attending。(2)Hisarrival(arrive)madethesituationworse.动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival,所以不用动名词arriving。(3)Theteacherwasangryatmycoming(come)late.动词come没有名词，所以用动名词coming。(4)Thankyouforyourhelp(help)．Thankyouforhelping(help)me.(5)Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation(appreciate)．Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciating(appreciate)myspeech.上面两组句子中，helping与appreciating后都带有宾语，故用动名词。help与appreciation后没有宾语，故用名词形式。3．动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时，还要考虑副词级的变化。(1)Theboyranquickly(quick)toschool.(2)“What’sthat？”Fathershoutedangrily(angry)．(3)Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.(4)Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.(5)You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabitmoreslowly(slow)?4．名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。如果所需词为形容词时，还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1)What’sthewidest(width)riverintheworld?(2)Thestronger(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.[针对训练]Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1．Marywasverysadatthenews,soshelookedsadlyatherhusband,hereyesfullofsadness.(sad)2．Heplayedfootballverywellandhewasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3．Look！HowhappilyKateislaughing！Sheseemstobethehappiestgirlintheworld.(happy)4．Tooursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwithourreport.(satisfy)5．Edisonwasagreatinventor.Duringhislifehehadmanyinventions.(invent)6．Ishouldsimplifymytaskandmakeitsimpler/simpletofinishit.(simple)7．Theboyhavingtheappearanceofbeinghalfstarveddisappeared,_nevertobeseenagain.(appear)8．ThepolicediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplotagainstthePresident.(cover)9．Youaresokindtohelpme.Thankyouforyourkindness.(kindly)10．Everythingisbecomingmore_expensivethanbeforeandmanycollegestudentshadtoworktomakesomemoneyfortheircollegeexpenses.(expend)Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AgroupofrobbersdugtheirwayintothebasementofabankinParisandemptiedalmost200private1.safes(safety)．TheyenteredtheCreditLyonnaisbranchusingbuilding2.equipment(equip)todigholesanddestroywallsonSaturdaynight.Theytiedupa3.security(secure)guardandspentthenextninehoursrobbingthebank.One4.investigator(investigate)describedthe5.robbery(rob)asa“6.professional(profession)job”．Therobberscameinatabout22：00onSaturdayandleftat7：00onSunday.Theyenteredthroughthebasementsofthe7.neighbouring(neighbour)building,diggingthroughaseriesoftunnelsandmakingaholeintoawallof80cmthicktogetintothebank,whichwashavingbuildingworksatthetime.Whentheyleft,therobberssettheplaceonfireto8.remove(move)anytraceofevidence,switchingontheanti­firesystemandfloodingthebuilding.9.Fortunately(fortune),theguardescaped10.unharmed(harm)．Itisdifficulttoestimatethetotalvalueofwhatwasstolenasonlythebank’sclients(储户)knowthecontentoftheirprivatesafes.第二周动词的时态和语态一、动词的时态1．一般现在时(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句中常用often,usually,everyday等时间状语。Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.(2013·北京高考)OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.(2013·陕西高考)(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象，无论在什么情况下都用一般现在时表示。“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow，”Grannyusedtosay，“becauseeverystepshows.”(2012·新课标全国卷)—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicantsareinterviewedbeforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.(2013·北京高考)(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeIleaveforAfrica.(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin,come,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close等。Theflighttakesoffat2：30everyWednesdayandFriday.2．一般过去时(1)表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。Ididn’trealizethen,butbecomingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Michael’sfatheralwayshelpedthepoorashebelieveditmadeeveryonehappier.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1970,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)注意句型：was/wereabouttodo...when...中when后从句的动词用过去式。Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.3．现在完成时常用的时间状语有：sofar,recently,lately,once/twice/three...times,before,ever,bynow,inthelast/pastfewyears,overalongtime,uptonow,yet,already,just,since等。主要用于以下几种情况：(1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。—Look!Somebodyhascleanedthesofa.—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.(2012·江西高考)(2)表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。Theyhavebeengoodfriendssincetheymetatameeting.Shakespeare’splayHamlethasbeenmadeintoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.(2013·北京高考)(3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。①Itis(hasbeen)＋一段时间＋since从句This(That/It)isthefirst(second...)time＋that从句Thisisthefirsttimewehaveseenafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.(2009·陕西高考)②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。—Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?—Notuntilwehavefinishedourplan.(2010·四川高考)4．过去完成时(1)过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态。过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for,since等构成的时间状语连用。Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,hehadhaditforaverylongtime.(2013·辽宁高考)Wefirstmetonatrainin2010.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwehadknowneachotherforyears.(2)有些动词有时用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。这类动词常见的有：hope,plan,mean,expect,intend,suppose,want,think等。Ihadhopedtobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.(3)在特殊句式hardly/scarcely...when...;nosooner...than...中，主句常用过去完成时，该句式意为“一……就……；刚……就……”。Hardly(Nosooner)hadIgothomewhen(than)therainpoureddown.5．将来完成时将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。—IhearthatJasonisplanningtobuyacar.—Iknow.Bynextmonth,hewillhavesavedenoughforausedone.(2012·上海高考)6．现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go,come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。Youarealwaysstudyinginthelibrary.Whynothaveapicnicthisafternoon?7．过去进行时(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid?—Sorry.Iwasansweringatextmessagejustnow.(2012·四川高考)—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?—No,Iwasdoingmyhomeworkalldayyesterday.(2010·新课标全国卷)(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中的持续性动作用过去进行时，短暂性动作用一般过去时。—Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I’msosorry.ButIwasdoingmyhomework.(2013·湖南高考)8．现在完成进行时(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且现在还在进行。Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportandhasbeentakingbadmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.(2013·福建高考)(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，在说话时刚刚结束。Wherehaveyoubeen？Wehavebeenlookingforyoueverywhere.9．将来进行时将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：atthistimetomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow,from1：30to4：30tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow。—CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon?—I’msorry,butbythenIwillbeflyingtoBeijing.Howaboutfive？(2012·陕西高考)二、动词的语态英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走：第一步确定正确的时态，第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系：如果是主谓关系则用主动语态，如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。被动语态的构成(以write为例)时间一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/arewrittenam/is/arebeingwrittenhas/havebeenwritten过去was/werewrittenwas/werebeingwrittenhadbeenwritten将来shall/willbewritten1.get＋过去分词表被动Theygotmarriedlastweek.Hefellandgothurt.2．主动形式表被动意义(1)系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等＋形容词/名词。Thedishtastesdelicious.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.(2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read,write,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,shut等，其主语往往是物。—Whataboutthebooks?—Booksofthiskindsellwell.Thedoorwon’topen.Thepenwritessmoothly.(3)beworth后常接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Alotofsmalltownsintheareaaredefinitelyworthvisiting.(4)need,want,require,deserve等动词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Mosthouseplantsrequireregularwatering.[针对训练]Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1．(2013·安徽高考)I’mcallingabouttheapartmentyouadvertised(advertise)theotherday.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?2．(2013·北京高考)—DoyouthinkMomandDadwill_be(be)late?—No,SwissAirisusuallyontime.3．(2013·北京高考)Hurryup!MarkandCarolare_expecting(expect)us.4．(2013·湖南高考)“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，Iwill_be(be)president，”saidtheboy,withasmile.5．(2013·湖南高考)Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhatbothers(bother)us.6．(2013·湖南高考)Ifnothingis_done(do),theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.7．(2013·湖南高考)—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?—Sure,ithas_been(be)theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.8．(2013·江苏高考)Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothersis(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.9．(2013·江苏高考)—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iwill_be_writing(write)areportathome.10．(2013·江苏高考)“Neverforasecond，”theboysays,“did(do)Idoubtthatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”11．(2013·江苏高考)—Whataboutyourself­drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwehad(have)aroughride.12．(2013·江西高考)Iwas_coming(come)tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.13．(2013·辽宁高考)Atnotimedid(do)theyactuallybreaktherulesofthegame.Itwasunfairtopunishthem.14．(2013·辽宁高考)Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentwill_be_improved(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.15．(2013·山东高考)Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyitwas(be)prettygood.16．(2013·陕西高考)Jimwas_watching(watch)alate­nightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.17．(2013·上海高考)Bobcalledtotellhismotherthathecouldn’tenterthehouse,forhehad_left(leave)hiskeyatschool.18．(2013·上海高考)Theschoolboardismadeupofparentswhohave_been_elected(elect)tomakedecisionsaboutschoolaffairs.19．(2013·四川高考)Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbusis_waiting(wait)forus!20．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Wewere_leaving(leave)veryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.21．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Ifwedon’t_act(notact)nowtoprotecttheenvironment,we’lllivetoregretit.22．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)WhenIfirstmetBryanIdidn’tlikehim,butIhave_changed(change)mymind.23．(2013·浙江高考)Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprogramshas_increased(increase)sharply.24．(2013·重庆高考)IfeltverytiredwhenIgothome,andIwent(go)straighttobed.25．(2013·重庆高考)AMidsummerNight’sDreamopens(open)attheTheatreRoyalon19thJune,andthentoursthroughoutScotland.Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)AItwasgettingdarkwhenI1.got(get)home.ItwascoldandI2.was_wearing(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypockettotakeoutthekey,butIcouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI3.had_left(leave)itonmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmakeanydifference.Iknewmywife4.was(be)athomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschoolbynow,soI5.knocked(knock)atthedoor.Therewasnoanswer.I6.continued(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.I7.was_getting(get)angry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboy8.had_told(tell)meatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife9.had_phoned(phone)sayingthatshe10.would_go(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Itseemedthatnothing11.could_be_done(cando)andI12.would_be_shut(shut)outofmyhouse.BWelcometoourschool.I’dliketointroduceplansforourschooltoyou.Alotofwork1.has_been_done(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary2.has_been_completed(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwe’llstillhavetodomorework.Anewbiologylab3.is_being_built(build)thisyear.Butwedon’thaveenoughmoneyfortheequipment.Studentsinallgrades4.are_collecting(collect)money.Themoneywhichiscollected5.will_be_spent(spend)onnewequipment.Atpresent,aplan6.is_being_made(make)forapartyattheendoftheterm,atwhichwonderfulperformances7.will_be_put(put)on.Thegardensoftheschool8.are_being_improved(improve)thisyear.Newtrees9.are_being_planted(plant)whichwillsoongiveshadeinsummer.Thewholeschool10.is_going_to_be_painted(paint)duringthesummerholidays.Infact,ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.第三周情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词1．can和could的用法(1)表示“能力”。Evenachildcanoperatethecomputer,letaloneanadult.(2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?(3)表示可能。ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch,butitcanberathercoldsometimes.(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。Ican’tthankyoutoomuchforallyourhelptomysonwhilewewereawayfromhome.(2012·陕西高考)2．may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可、可能性、祝愿”等意义。①在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用might。—MayItakethebookout?—I’mafraidnot.(2010·四川高考)②“mayaswell＋动词原形”意为“最好；倒不如”。Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.(2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustn’t”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn’t”，表示“不必”。—MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No,youmustn’t.Youreaditinhere.(2010·陕西高考)3．must的用法(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。Thenewlawstatesthatpeoplemustn’tdriveafterdrinkingalcohol.(2012·上海高考)(2)表示“偏执；固执”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.(2011·辽宁高考)4．shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。—WhattimeshallIpickyouupatyourhousetomorrow,sir?—Ihaven’tdecidedonthetime.ButIwillcallyou.(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。NodrivingelectricmotorbikesinsomeareasisarulethatyoushallobeyinFuzhou.5．will和would的用法作情态动词的will,would与作助动词的will,would的各种形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。—Goodbye,John.Comebackagainsometime.—Sure.Iwill.(2012·四川高考)—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.(2011·重庆高考)(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比usedto正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。Whenweworkedinthesamefirmseveralyearsago,wewouldoftengotothecinematogether.6．情态动词＋have＋过去分词(1)can/couldhavedone表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can’thavedone多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。—DoyouknowwhereDavidis？Icouldn’tfindhimanywhere.—Well.Hecan’thavegonefar—hiscoat’sstillhere.Icouldhavesavedthepoorrabbit,butIdidn’thavetherightdrugswithmeatthatmoment.(2)may/mighthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外mighthavedone可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。Sorry,I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.(3)musthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定；想必”，语气十分肯定。Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong­willedman.(2010·安徽高考)(4)shouldhavedone表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn’thavedone表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。Ishouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.(2010·山东高考)(5)oughttohavedone表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；oughtnottohavedone表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同，也往往含有责备的意味。Yououghttohavecometothepartyyesterday,butwhydidn’tyoucome?(6)needn’thavedone表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。Markneedn’thavehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.(2010·天津高考)二、虚拟语气1．非真实条件句中虚拟语气的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might＋动词原形表示过去情况had＋过去分词should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词表示未来情况should＋动词原形should/would/could/might＋动词原形动词过去式wereto＋动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendyourparty.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldhadn’tofferedusaridehome.(2012·天津高考)Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.[名师指津]若条件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略，而把were,had,should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergywouldhavebeensaved.(2010·浙江高考)Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetocancelthefootballmatch.2．错综时间虚拟条件句Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldbeverytirednow.(从句指过去，主句指现在)3．含蓄虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表达，而是由otherwise,but,or,without,butfor等来引导。Iwassobusythen,otherwiseIwouldhavegonetohelphim.IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidn’tknowthattheywerewaitingforme.(2011·天津高考)4．某些从句中虚拟语气的用法(1)表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等含义的动词后宾语从句和同位语从句时用虚拟语气，形式为：(should＋)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend劝告；建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2010·福建高考)(2)wish后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气。对现在情况的假设：wish＋主语＋动词过去式(be用were)对过去情况的假设：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词对将来情况的假设：wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形—Howmuchoftheforeignexpert’sspeechhaveyouunderstood?—Nexttonothing.IwishIhadworkedharderatEnglish.(3)wouldrather后跟从句时用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.(2010·江苏高考)(4)在“Itis(about/high)time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用过去式或“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气。Itishightimethatpeoplelearnt/shouldlearnEnglish.(5)在asif从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.Shetalkedaboutitagainandagainasifshewouldneverend.(6)ifonly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。Lookatthetroublewe’rein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice![针对训练]Ⅰ.在下列各句中填入适当的情态动词1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.2．(2013·四川高考)—Whyareyoureyessored?Youcan’thavesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.3．(2013·陕西高考)Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.4．(2013·湖南高考)Hecouldn’tsleep,althoughhetriedto,whenhegotonsuchahuntforanideauntilhehadcaughtit.5．(2013·安徽高考)Itcouldn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.6．(2013·重庆高考)—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butImightgototheRollingStonesconcert.7．(2013·江西高考)WhenIwasachild,IcouldwatchTVwheneverIwantedto.8．(2013·北京高考)—Youneedn’ttakeanumbrella.Itisn’tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon’tknow.Itmightdo.9．(2013·辽宁高考)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.Hemust_have_drunktoomuchatthepartylastnight.10．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I’mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifIcanfindthemoney.11．(2012·辽宁高考)Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformwhileatschool.12．(2012·重庆高考)—Mustyouinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?—SorrySir,butit’surgent.13．(2012·江苏高考)Dayslater,mybrothercalledtosayhewasallright,butwouldn’t(not)saywherehewas.14．(2011·新课标全国卷)Theyshouldhavearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.15．(2011·江西高考)Weneedn’t(not)haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.16．—How’syournewbabysitter?—Wecouldn’t(not)askforabetterone.Allourkidslovehersomuch.17．(2011·陕西高考)Icouldn’t(not)havegonethroughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.18．(2012·四川高考)IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIs