信息与通信工程专业介绍(英文版)课件

BriefIntroductiontoInformationandCommunicationEngineering2011.5.30BriefIntroductiontoInformat1BriefIntroductiontoInformationandCommunicationEngineeringAmongalloftheessentialsforhumanexistence,theneedtointeractwithothersranksjustbelowourneedtosustainlife.Communicationisalmostasimportanttousasourrelianceonair,water,food,andshelter.Themethodsthatweusetoshareideasandinformationareconstantlychangingandevolving.Whereasthehumannetworkwasoncelimitedtoface-to-faceconversations,mediabreakthroughscontinuetoextendthereachofourcommunications.Fromtheprintingpresstomobilephone,eachnewdevelopmenthasimprovedandenhancedourcommunication.BriefIntroductiontoInformat2ThedevelopmentofCommunication（1）Inancienttimes，informationcouldbetransferredthroughlightorsound。光通信：中国--烽火台、希腊—火炬的位置表示字母符号声通信：中国—击鼓鸣金（2）Beginningandturningpoint：1837-Morse-telegram；1876-Bell-telephone；1895-Marconi-radioThedevelopmentofCommunicati3ThedevelopmentofCommunicationdevelopmentoftransmissionchannel

multicorecable—CoaxialCable—opticalfiber多芯电缆—同轴电缆—光纤developmentofCommunicationcomponents

vacuumtube—transistor—integratecircuit—largescaleintegratedcircuit真空管—晶体管—集成电路—大规模集成电路developmentoftransmissionmethod

telegram—voice—Muchcarriermodulation—pulse-codemodulation电报--声音—多载波调幅—pcmdevelopmentofrangeofmessage

voice—text—graph，image声音—文字—图形、图像

ThedevelopmentofCommunicati4ThedevelopmentofCommunicationAswitheveryadvanceincommunicationtechnology,thecreationandinterconnectionofrobustdatanetworksishavingaprofoundeffect.Earlydatanetworkswerelimitedtoexchangingcharacter-basedinformationbetweenconnectedcomputersystems.Currentnetworkshaveevolvedtocarryvoice,videostreams,text,andgraphicsbetweenmanydifferenttypesofdevices.Previouslyseparateanddistinctcommunicationformshaveconvergedontoacommonplatform.Thisplatformprovidesaccesstoawiderangeofalternativeandnewcommunicationmethodsthatenablepeopletointeractdirectlywitheachotheralmostinstantaneously.ThedevelopmentofCommunicati5ThefutureofCommunication（3）5w：whateverwhereverwhoeverwhomeverwhenever任何人在任何时间、任何地点接收来自任何人的任何信息ThefutureofCommunication（3）6ThefutureofCommunication

MobileCellularNetwork

MobileAdHocNetwork

FixedNetwork

BSC

BSC

BSC

WLANThefutureofCommunication7WhatisCommunication？Asweallknow，networkscansupportthewaywelearn，thewayweworkandthewayweplay.Livinginanetwork-centricworld,communicationisanessentialpartofourlives.WhatisCommunication？WhatisCommunication？Asweal8WhatisCommunication？Communicationinourdailylivestakesmanyformsandoccursinmanyenvironments.Eachsituationhasitscorrespondingexpectedbehaviorsandstyles.EstablishingtheRulesBeforebeginningtocommunicatewitheachother,weestablishrulesoragreementstogoverntheconversation.Theserules,orprotocols,mustbefollowedinorderforthemessagetobesuccessfullydeliveredandunderstood.

Amongtheprotocolsthatgovernsuccessfulhumancommunicationare:AnidentifiedsenderandreceiverAgreeduponmethodofcommunicating(face-to-face,telephone,letter,photograph)CommonlanguageandgrammarSpeedandtimingofdeliveryConfirmationoracknowledgementrequirementsWhatisCommunication？C9EnsureQualityofCommunicationsCommunicationbetweenindividualsisdeterminedtobesuccessfulwhenthemeaningofthemessageunderstoodbytherecipientmatchesthemeaningintendedbythesender.Theexternalfactorsaffectingcommunicationarerelatedtothecomplexityofthenetworkandthenumberofdevicesamessagemustpassthroughonitsroutetoitsfinaldestination.EnsureQualityofCommunicatio10EnsureQualityofCommunicationsInternalfactorsthatinterferewithnetworkcommunicationarerelatedtothenatureofthemessageitself.Boththeinternalandexternalfactorsthataffectthereceiptofamessagemustbeanticipatedandcontrolledfornetworkcommunicationstobesuccessful.Newinnovationsinnetworkhardwareandsoftwarearebeingimplementedtoensurethequalityandreliabilityofnetworkcommunications.EnsureQualityofCommunicatio11CommunicationoverNetworksBeingabletoreliablycommunicatetoanyone,anywhere,isbecomingincreasinglyimportanttoourpersonalandbusinesslives.Inordertosupporttheimmediatedeliveryofthemillionsofmessagesbeingexchangedbetweenpeopleallovertheworld,werelyonawebofinterconnectednetworks.Thesedataorinformationnetworksvaryinsizeandcapabilities,butallnetworkshavefourbasicelementsincommon:Rulesoragreementstogovernhowthemessagesaresent,directed,receivedandinterpretedThemessagesorunitsofinformationthattravelfromonedevicetoanotherAmeansofinterconnectingthesedevices-amediumthatcantransportthemessagesfromonedevicetoanotherDevicesonthenetworkthatexchangemessageswitheachotherCommunicationoverNetworksBei12TheElementsofaNetworkThediagramshowselementsofatypicalnetwork,includingdevices,media,andservices,tiedtogetherbyrules,thatworktogethertosendmessages.TheElementsofaNetworkThed13TheElementsofaNetwork：devicesTheElementsofaNetwork：devi14TheElementsofaNetwork：devicesSwitch-themostcommondeviceforinterconnectinglocalareanetworksFirewall-providessecuritytonetworksRouter-helpsdirectmessagesastheytravelacrossanetworkWirelessRouter-aspecifictypeofrouteroftenfoundinhomenetworksTheElementsofaNetwork：devi15TheElementsofaNetwork：mediumTheElementsofaNetwork：medi16TheElementsofaNetwork：mediumForanetworktofunction,thedevicesmustbeinterconnected.Networkconnectionscanbewiredorwireless.Inwiredconnections,themediumiseithercopper,whichcarrieselectricalsignals,oropticalfiber,whichcarrieslightsignals.Inwirelessconnections,themediumistheEarth'satmosphere,orspace,andthesignalsaremicrowaves.TheElementsofaNetwork：medi17TheElementsofaNetwork：rulesHumanbeingsoftenseektosendandreceiveavarietyofmessagesusingcomputerapplications;theseapplicationsrequireservicestobeprovidedbythenetwork.SomeoftheseservicesincludetheWorldWideWeb,e-mail,instantmessaging,andIPTelephony.Devicesinterconnectedbymediumtoprovideservicesmustbegovernedbyrules,orprotocols.Inthechart,somecommonservicesandaprotocolmostdirectlyassociatedwiththatservicearelisted.TheElementsofaNetwork：rule18TheElementsofaNetwork：rulesTheElementsofaNetwork：rule19TheElementsofaNetwork：messagesInthefirststepofitsjourneyfromthecomputertoitsdestination,ourinstantmessagegetsconvertedintoaformatthatcanbetransmittedonthenetwork.Alltypesofmessagesmustbeconvertedtobits,binarycodeddigitalsignals,beforebeingsenttotheirdestinations.Thisistruenomatterwhattheoriginalmessageformatwas:text,video,voice,orcomputerdata.Onceourinstantmessageisconvertedtobits,itisreadytobesentontothenetworkfordelivery.TheElementsofaNetwork：mess20TheElementsofaNetwork：messageschannelTheElementsofaNetwork：mess21

Multipleservices-multiplenetworks

Traditionaltelephone,radio,television,andcomputerdatanetworkseachhavetheirownindividualversionsofthefourbasicnetworkelements.Inthepast,everyoneoftheseservicesrequiredadifferenttechnologytocarryitsparticularcommunicationsignal.Additionally,eachservicehaditsownsetofrulesandstandardstoensuresuccessfulcommunicationofitssignalacrossaspecificmedium.

Multipleservices-multiplene22Multipleservices-multiplenetworks

Multipleservices-multiplenet23ConvergedNetworksTechnologyadvancesareenablingustoconsolidatethesedisparatenetworksontooneplatform-aplatformdefinedasaconvergednetwork.Theflowofvoice,video,anddatatravelingoverthesamenetworkeliminatestheneedtocreateandmaintainseparatenetworks.Onaconvergednetworktherearestillmanypointsofcontactandmanyspecializeddevices-forexample,personalcomputers,phones,TVs-butonlyonecommonnetworkinfrastructure.ConvergedNetworksT24ConvergedNetworksConvergedNetworks25Whatisrequiredforus？Convergednetworks,whichcarryallcommunicationstypes(data,voice,andvideo)ononeinfrastructure,provideanopportunitytoreducecostsandofferusersfeature-richservicesandcontent.However,thedesignandmanagementofconvergednetworksrequiresextensivenetworkingknowledgeandskillsifallservicesaretobedeliveredasexpectedtousers.D