英汉翻译比较comparison

Day

2Chinese

English

Comparison

andTranslationA

brief

comparison

of

the

Chineselanguage

and

the

English

languageChinese

EnglishTypology:Writing:Phonetics:Sino-TitetanlogographictoneMorphology:

analyticSyntax:

parataxisIndo-EuropeanalphabeticintonationsynthetichypotaxisAnalytic(分析型）v.s

Synthetic

（综合型）政治学习the

study

of

politics学习政治to

study

politics克服困难to

overcome

difficulties困难问题a

difficult

problemI

am

writing

a

letter.我正在写信。I

wrote

a

letter

yesterday.我昨天写了信。I

have

written

a

letter.我已写了信。He

has

two

brothers.

I

have

none.他有两个哥哥。我一个也没有。Semantic

sentence

vs.

Syntactic

sentences他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒，变成了聋子。

He

became

deaf

at

five

after

an

attack

of

typhoidfever.下雨了。年轻人顶着风，冒着雨，出去骑马。

The

young

man

went

out,

against

the

wind

andthrough

the

rain,

for

a

ride

on

horseback.Topic

comment

vs.

subject

predicate他的专业他一点也不喜欢。Parataxis

vs.hypotaxis 你死了我去当和尚。人不犯我，我不犯人。

Pre-modification

vs.post-modification他昨天在学校看了一场电影.那个在看书的女孩是他的女朋友。parataxis(意合)v.s

hypotaxis(形合English

sentences:

subject-predicate,

conjunctions,

abstractnouns,

prepositions,

relative

clauseChinese

sentences:

order

of

time,

order

of

space,

topic-comment,

verbs,

word

orderNouns

in

English

The

1967

UN

document

calls

for

the

settlement

ofthe

Middle

East

conflict

on

the

basis

of

Israeliwithdrawal

from

occupied

territories

and

Arabacknowledgement

of

Israeli’s

right

to

exist.

1967年的联合国文件呼吁解决中东冲突，其基础是以色列从被占领的土地上撤退，阿拉伯国家则成仁以色列人的生存权。Pronouns

in

English

Carlisle

Street

runs

westward,

across

a

great

blacbridge,

down

a

hill

and

up

again,

by

little

shopsand

meat

markets,

past

single-storied

homes,

untilsuddenly

it

stops

against

a

wide

green

lawn.

卡莱尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色大桥，爬下山岗又爬上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然朝着一大片绿色草地中止了。Translation

practice

The

isolation

of

the

rural

world,

because

odistance

and

the

lack

of

transport

facilitiis

compounded

by

the

paucity

of

theinformation

media.

由于距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝，而这种隔绝，又由于通讯工具不足而变得更加严重。Are

you

in?

I

am

in.You

are

out.He

is

all

over

the

place.The

shirt

looks

good

on

you.Verbs

in

Chinese

老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看

见一条丁字街，明明白白横着。他便退了几步，寻到一家关着门的铺檐子，蹩进去，靠门立住了。（鲁迅）

Absorbed

in

his

walking,

Old

Shuan

was

startledwhen

he

saw

the

cross

road

lying

distantly

aheadof

him.

He

walked

back

a

few

steps

to

stand

underthe

eaves

of

a

shop

in

front

of

a

closed

door.

不一会，北风小了，路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。（鲁迅《一件小事》）

Presently

the

wind

dropped

a

little.

By

nowloose

dust

had

all

been

blown

away,

leaving

roadway

clear,

and

the

rickshaw

man

quickenhis

pace.

(Tr.

Yang

Xianyi

&

Gladys

Yang)

晴雯先接出来，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一天，快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢！”晴雯先接出来，笑道：“好啊，叫我研了墨，早起高兴，只写了三个字，扔下笔就走了，哄我等了这一天，快来给我写完了这些墨才算呢！”

Qing-wen

greeted

him

with

a

simile,

exclaiming,“A

fine

one

you

are!

On

the

spur

of

the

momentyou

bade

me

grind

ink

for

you

this

morning.

Butyou

threw

down

your

brush

and

went

away

afterhaving

written

merely

three

characters.

You’vekept

me

waiting

for

you

the

whole

day.

You

are

touse

up

this

ink

now.

Be

quick!”Translation

practice

只有四婶，因为后来雇用的女工，大抵非懒即馋，或者馋而且懒，左右不如意，所以也还是提起祥林嫂。（鲁迅：《祝福》）

My

aunt

was

the

only

one

who

still

spoke

ofXianglin’s

Wife.

This

was

because

most

of

themaids

taken

on

afterwards

turned

out

to

be

lazy

orgreedy,

or

both,

none

of

them

giving

satisfaction.(杨宪益、戴乃迭译）

进了医学院，她住女生宿舍，在食堂吃大锅饭，天不亮，她就起床背外语单词。铃声响，她夹

着书本去上课，大课小课，密密麻麻的笔记。（谌容）

In

the

medical

college,

she

lived

in

girls

dormitorand

ate

like

everybody

else

in

the

school

canteen.Before

daybreak,

she

would

get

up

to

memorizewords

of

a

foreign

language.

With

the

bell,

booksunder

arm,

she

would

go

to

lectures

and

classes,taking

careful,

close-writen

notes.Abstract

and

Concrete他经常冒冒失失地闯进人家的家里。他烟瘾很大。我们的呼吁如石沉大海。He

was

always

an

unwelcome

intruder.He

is

a

heavy

smoker.Our

appeal

remained

a

dead

letter.word

classEnglish:

noun,

pronoun,

adjective,

article,

verb,adverb,

preposition,

conjunction,

andinterjectionChineseclassifier,

mood大小高矮长短粗细是非先后冷暖东西轻重

参差Size

height

length

temperature

directionsThickness

trouble

priority

weight

variatioNo

corresponding

or

partially

correspondingwordsE.g.属，风水，豆腐，half

brother,half

siste山，青，借，鼠，river,marryYou,

parent,

brother,

uncleCultural

connotation

in

words红，白，黄，牧童，农民，狗，龙

Translation

practice:

红眼病，红茶,红地毯，红色警报，红娘,红白喜事,黑市，黑名单,狗嘴里长不出象牙,狗急跳墙,白色污染Different

perspective手扶拖拉机拐杖离合器防爆警察救火车单项选择题Walking

tractorWalking

stickClutchRiot

policeFire

engineMultiple

choiceCultural

connotation

in

idiomsAre

they

the

same?打草惊蛇亡羊补牢骨鲠在喉同舟共济怒发冲冠To

beat

about

the

bush

To

lock

the

stable

door

after

the

horse

has

beenstolenTo

have

a

bone

in

one’s

throatTo

be

in

the

same

boatTo

make

one’s

hair

stand

on

endTranslation

practice一剑双雕山中无老虎，猴子称霸王过着牛马不如的生活豆腐渣工程打白条傍大款一剑双雕：to

kill

two

birds

with

one

stone

山中无老虎，猴子称霸王：in

the

countryof

the

blind,the

one-eyed

man

is

the

king.过着牛马不如的生活：to

lead

a

dog

life豆腐渣工程：jelly

built

project打白条：to

issue

an

IOU傍大款：to

find

a

sugar

DaddyCultural

connotation

in

pragmatics老李Translation

practice:哪里哪里请笑纳您太客气了一路顺风不见不散没门儿Translation

techniques

dealing

withcultural

elements直译（same

conceptual

meaning,same

cultural

meaning)e.g.丢脸，老手，笑柄，趁热打铁，沧海一粟，火上加油，祸不单行解释文化意义或借助目的语中的现有形象用语Same

conceptual

meaning,

different

cultural

meaninge.g.他的奇怪行为把与会者打入闷葫芦里了

His

queer

behavior

threw

those

who

had

been

attendingthe

meeting

into

bewilderment.Translation

practice

24年前，叶澄海从深圳副市长任上下海，是我国最早下海的“高官”之一。

几十年来,很多留学生都犯过这种毛病。他们从欧美日本回来,只知生吞活剥地谈外国。《毛泽东选集》他结婚了,太太是个母老虎。

they

talk

about

the

foreign

things

they

havswallowed

raw

and

whole

（1960）they

can

only

parrot

things

foreign

（1962Same

conceptual

meaning,

differentpragmatic

meaning

一见面是寒暄，寒暄之后说我“胖了”，说我

“胖了”之后即大骂其新党。

When

we

met,

after

exchanging

a

few

politeremarks

he

said

I

was

fatter,

and

after

saying

thatimmediately

started

a

violent

attack

on

therevolutionaries.

(Foreign

language

press,

1972)

After

exchanging

a

few

polite

remarks

when

wemet,

he

observed

that

I

looked

“fat”,

and

havingmade

that

complimentary

remark

he

launched

aviolent

attack

on

the

revolutionaries.弹指过了三四年,王冕看书着实明白了。

Version

1:

After

a

short

period

of

three

tofour

years

,

Wang

Mian

truly

understood

thebooks

he

read.

Version

2:

Three

or

four

years

went

quicklyby

;

now

Wang

Mian

found

himself

quitesure

of

knowing

what

he

read.(张鸾铃)Also

pay

attention

toRegister:拳头产品宰客

Negative

connotation

of

some

Englishexpression：白象，银耳Discussion福娃friendlies;

Fuwa,

the

mascot红楼梦

Hung

Lau

Mung

or

Dreams

in

the

Red

Chamber

(Tr.

KarlA.F.

Gutzlaff,

1842)The

Hung

Lau

Mung

(Tr.

H.A.

Giles,

1885)Dream

of

the

Red

Chamber

(Tr.

C.C.

Wang,

1929,

1958)The

story

of

the

Stone

(Tr.

David

Hawkes,

1973)

A

Dream

of

Red

Mansions

(Tr.

Yang

Xianyi

&

GladysYang,

1978)Chamber:

a

meeting

hall,

esp

one

used

for

a

legislatior

judicial

assemblya

room

in

a

private

house,

esp

a

bedroomany

of

the

houses

of

a

legislatureMansion:

a

large

house;

residence

of

a

noble

orimportant

personTranslation

practice

得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，

一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，

我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个

春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜

气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的

悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。白先勇《我小说的启蒙老师》

得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

Before

I

fell

ill,

I

had

been

the

bully

under

ourroofs

owing

to

my

doting

parents.

Immediatelyafter

I

was

segregated

and

confined

in

a

smallhouse

on

hillside

in

our

garden,

I

felt

like

beingdeposed

into

a

cold

palace

and

began

to

taste

thebitterness

of

depression

and

frustration.

一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。

On

a

spring

evening,

my

parents

gave

abanquet

in

the

garden

where

a

profusion

offlowers

were

in

full

bloom.

In

no

time,

acrowd

of

their

guests

collected

and

laughtewas

heard

all

over

there.

我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华。自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。

I,

without

being

noticed,

lifted

the

curtain

in

mysmall

room,

only

to

spy

the

bustle

of

akaleidoscopic

world

down

in

the

garden,

and

myelder

sisters,

brothers

and

my

cousins,

each

full

othe

joys

of

spring,

were

shuttling

among

the

guests

一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

Quickly

enough,

I

was

thrown

into

a

fit

ofsorrowful

anger

at

being

forgotten

anddiscarded

by

the

rest

and

could

not

helpcrying

my

heart

out.

农历八月十五日的中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，进而象征着家庭团聚。中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼，内含核桃仁、蜜饯、豆沙或蛋黄等食物。春节是中国的农历新年，春节的日期按农历而定，通常出现在公历2月前半期的某一天。大吃大喝历来是春节的主要内容。除了常见的海鲜、家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制一些传统菜肴，例如北京的饺子、上海的八宝饭和广州的米羹。全国各地都可以见到形态各异、口味不一的年糕。“年糕”这个词里的“糕”字与“高”谐音，寓意来年“节节高”。

农历八月十五日的中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，进而象征着家庭团聚。中秋节的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼，内含核桃仁、蜜饯、豆沙或蛋黄等食物。

The

Mid-autumn

Festival

which

occurs

on

the

15th

day

ofthe

8th

lunar

month

(around

mid-September)

is

an

occasion

for

viewing

the

full

moon.

The

round

moon

is

asymbol

for

completeness,

and

by

extension,

family

reunionThe

specialty

of

the

day

is

the

yuebing

(mooncake),

around

pastry

filled

with

nuts,

candied

preserved

fruits,bean

paste,

duck

egg

yolks,etc.

春节是中国的农历新年，春节的日期按农历而定，通常出现在公历2