2023年北京通州区高三一模英语试题及答案

2023北京通州高三一模英语20234月本试卷共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AstheforeignEnglishteacheratschool,IhaveaweeklyEnglishmusicbroadcastwhereIshowcasedifferentEnglishsongs.Itrytogetthestudentsrecommendsongstomeforthebroadcast.Atthebroadcast,Iusuallyannouncerecommendedthesongandthen1foreveryonetohearduringlunchtime.Ieveryoneopportunitysharethemselvesthroughtheirmusic,includingone2studentofmine.Thisstudent3getsintofightswiththeotherstudents,doesn'tandbringsdowntheoftheclass.MostoftheotherteachersandstudentspushhimIknewthoughthathejustneededafriend,orleastsomeonehecould4with.Icouldtellhewaswarminguptooverthelasttoldhim5asonghelikesthathassomeEnglishwordsinandIwouldplayitonthebroadcastforhim.Heeventuallyrecommendedasong.IactuallyreallylikedthesongsoIputitonthebroadcastandmadesureannouncehisname,soeveryoneknewthathe6andrecommendedsuchagreatsong.Needlesstoboywas7,andhe'sbeenmuchhappierandfocusedinEnglishclasseversince.WhileeveryoneelsemisunderstoodhimandpushedhimIsawhimrightthroughandknewthathejustneededsomeone8him.There'sstillalanguage9betweenus,butwordsaren'tneeded,becauseyoucanalwayssensewhereyou'reatwithsomeone.HerecentlywalkedbyandgavemethemostgenuinesmilethatI'deverseen.Mycoworkerturnedtomeand“I'veneverseenhimsmilelikethatbefore.Howdidyougetthroughtohim?”“Igavehima,”Isaid,“throughjustonesong.”1.A.acceptB.playC.chooseC.toughD.changeD.quiet2.A.absentB.anxiousB.finally3.A.constantlyC.carefullyD.obviously4.A.cooperate5.A.thinkof6.A.gatheredB.agreeC.argueD.connectD.handoutD.wroteB.listenB.contributedC.talkaboutC.remembered7.A.interested8.Aacknowledged9.A.trapB.confusedB.persuadedB.boundaryC.astonishedC.entertainedC.barrierD.excitedD.impressedD.disorder110.A.wordB.chanceC.giftD.game第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ALastyearIruinedsummervacationbybringingalongamodemconveniencethatwastooconvenientforowngood:mytablet.Istucktomyworkdaydietoffournewspapersmorning.thatwastheproblem:IbehavingasifIwerestillinthe(stick)totheunendingnewscycle.MybodywasonvacationmyheadSothisyearImakeupmymindtrysomethingdifferent:stayingawaytheIntermit.Iknowwon'tbebutIamdetermined.Avacation13(suppose)helpyouresetyourbrainbecomemoreproductive.BDespitetherapidprogressofthereisawidespreadrecognitionthatthequalityoflifecitiesisgettingmuch14(bad).Theproperwaytacklethisproblemisdevelopingmixed-useareas.Mixed-useareas,forexample,maycontainandbusinesses,apartments,andentertainmentfacilities.15(apparent),theyattractpeoplewhowanttoliveandworkthesamearea.Therefore,peoplespendlesstimeincarsdrivingworkandtumreducespollutionandpossiblyimprovesthewell-beingofthepopulation.CChinesetea-making17(consist)ofknowledge,skills,andpracticesaboutthemanagementofteaplantations,pickingoftealeaves,andtheprocessing,drinking,andsharingoftea.onlyaretea-relatedcustomsfoundacrossthealsothey(influence)therestoftheworldsinceancienttimesthroughtheancientSilkRoadandtraderoutes.havepleasedandfascinatedtheworld19thousandsofyears.Theyhavefinallyreceivedtop-levelglobalrecognitionasa20(share)culturaltreasureofhumankind.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThroughinteractingwithpeopleandtheoutdoors,acyclingholidaycanboostbothyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.haveresearchedthebestroutesfortheperfectcyclingholidayheretheUK.locationsacrosstheUK,you'llbesuretofindyournextcyclingdestinationhere.CamelThebestcyclingrouteheretheUKistheCamelinNorthCornwall.Stretching27.8kmsfromPadstowtothiscyclingrouteisnotonlyafairlyflatcycle,butalsohometosomebreathtakingviewsofthecoastandfamily-friendlycampingspots.Perfectforfamilies,theCamelfollowsalongsidesandybeachesandvillagesalongthemeaningthere'smoretoTissingtonThetakesyoufromAshbournetheDerbyshireDales,allthewayuptoParsleyyouthroughthesouthofthebeautifulPeakDistrict,thefollowsoldrailwaylinewhichstillhastheformerstationplatforms.Filledwithlotsofhistoryandnature,andonlya25-minutedriveAltonforabitofaddedfun,thisholidayisjam-packedwithplentydoforthewhole2DerbyCanalPathandCloudTheDerbyCanalPathandCloudstretches21.4kmsfromDerbytothemarkettownofLoughborough.youalongthepicturesquecountryside,andwatersidesections,thiscyclingroutehasitall.LocalattractionsontherouteincludeMelboumeHallandGardens,andMelboumeAnimalFarm.Marriott'sTheMarriott'sisanotherlongdistancecycleandfootpaththatstartsinNorwichandfinishesinReepham.PerfectforcyclingthroughNorfolk'spicturesquewoodlands,theMarriott'spassesthroughpicturesquesmalltownsandvillagesincludingAttlebridge,Whitwell,andThemeThorpe.TheMarriott'scyclingtrailhasthesteepestascentoutofthefourbestcyclingholidays,maythebestforthosewhoarekeenriders.Ifyouchoosetoventureoutonacyclingholidaythisyou'llfeelthebenefitofspendingtimewithfamilyandfriendswhileexploringsomeoftheUK'smostscenicandenjoyablecyclingroutes.yourpickfromourbestcyclingholidaystheUKforyournextstaycation,whetheryou'reanoviceriderorlookingforachallenge.21.Whatcanpeoplegainfromacyclingholiday?A.Improvedcyclingskills.B.BettermoodandstrongerC.Increasedknowledgeoftheocean.D.Deepenedunderstandingofgreentravelling.22.IfyouareinterestedthebeautifulsceneryandyoucanchooseA.CamelC.DerbyCanalPathandCloudD.Marriott's23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?discussthebenefitsofcycling.encouragepeopletogocycling.introducesomecyclingholidaytracks.analyzethedifferencesamongthefourroutes.BIstillrememberhowapetmousewaspopularamongmyclassmatesinBroadbeachStateSchool.friendsandIdecidedtobuyapetmouse.Thepetshopkeeperwouldn'tsellusoneuntilhegotourparents'letterthatcouldshowtheirpermissionforustogetapet.So,havingtheneatesthandwriting,Ifakedone.Thestoreownerquicklysawthroughmyhandwritingandaskedmecontactmothertoconfirmthesituation.Mytrickquicklyfailed,andwasallmessedup.Mymumgotveryangryandfeltthatthepunishmentshouldfitthecrime.Knowingthatmywritingwaspoorandalwaysinneedofimprovement,mademewritelettersafewrandomlyselectedrelatives.OneofthemwasmyunclewhomI'donlymetafewtimeswhenIwasaIwrotealongletterdetailingmylifeandlistingmyinterests.Mypunishmentwascomplete.IaboutthisuntilIsuddenlygotareplyfrommyuncle.“Howlovelytohearfromyou,”hesaid,andwentontomeallabouthislife.He'dlovetohearaboutwhatsubjectsschoolIenjoyed.sostartedacorrespondence（信件往来）thatwentonforseveralyears.Heturnedoutmostfascinatingman.3Thenoutoftheblue,hedied.Mytookthephonecallandwasshocked.Shedeeplyregrettedastheyhadnotreallyspokenyearsbecauseoftheirbusylifeandworkload.Iwentupstairsandproducedaboxofletters,thelastonebeingfromjustafewdaysbeforehehadpassedMymumbeganreadthemandknewthatalthoughhadn'tbeentouch,Ihadgrownclosetohimbywritingtohim,whichrelievedandcalmedInfact,Ithenbecameclosehiswife,whomIalsowrotetoformanyyears.Ioftenthinkabouthowthatonenaughtychildhoodcrimeledsuchenrichingcorrespondencethatstretchedonformanyyears.Itencouragedmewritetolotsofotherpeoplefact,andit'ssomethingIkeepupwiththisBesides,receivingaletterissuchalovelysurprise.Beboldandwritesomeoneyoumaybedon'tknowthatwell.knowswhereitwilllead?24.Whydidtheauthor'saskhimtowritealetterhisuncle?A.Becausehedidsomethingwrong.B.Becausetheyhadn'tspokenforyears.C.Becausehisunclewantedtohearfromthem.D.Becausehewantedsharehisjoyofowningapet.25.Whatcanlearnabouttheauthor?A.HeendedthecorrespondenceafterhisunclepassedB.Hefounduncleextremelyinterestingandattractive.C.Hewasnotinterestedkeepingcontactwithhisuncle.D.Hismumkeptclosecontactwithhisunclethroughletters.26.Howdidtheauthor'smotherfeelwhenreadingtheletters?A.Comforted.C.Astonished.B.Regretful.D.Pleased.27.Whatmainmessagedoesthewriterexpressinthepassage?shouldappreciatesomethingbeforeit'sgone.letterscanbeatomakeupforpastmistakes.C.It'simportanttotellthetruthandbehonestinyourwriting.lettershasthepowerofstrengtheningbondswithothers.CRememberyourfirstdayofschool?Howdidyourpickoutyourclothesthebeforeandhownervousdidyoufeelwhenenteringtheclassroom?Orwhataboutthefirsttimeyourodeabike，withalloftheexcitementcoursingthroughyourveins（静脉）？Somememoriesstickwithusandwecanrecallthemlikescenesinamovie.Theseareknownasepisodicmemories.Anewstudypublishedinthejournal,ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,hasshownthatcertaincells,calledcells,makethistypeofmemorypossible.Thesecellshelpusformclearmemorieschronological（时间顺序的）Asmemoriesbeingformed.thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.thisstamphelpsusrecounttheexactsequenceofeventsandexperiences.The27participantsthestudyhadelectrodesplacedtheirbrains.Thisallowedscientistsmeasurecell4activitythehippocampus（海马体）andanotherareainvolvedtheperceptionoftime.Theparticipantsshownsequencesof1215wordsonacomputerscreeninaperiodofabout30seconds.Thentheywereaskedtorecallthewords.Duringthistime,thescientistslookedtheactivityofbraincells.Theyfoundthatspecificcellsfiredsignalsduringeachsequenceofwords.“Thetimecellsthatwefoundmarkingoutdiscreet（不显眼的）segments（片段）oftimewithin···thisapproximately30-secondwindow，”saidBradLega,aneurosurgeonattheUniversityofSouthwesternMedicalUS.Thisprovesthepossibleexistenceoftimecellsthehumanbrain.Buzsaki,aprofessoratNewsaidthestudyisimportantasitcanexplainmemoryproblemsfoundpeoplewhodamagetheirhippocampus.Inoneexperiment,scientistscomparedthememoriesofpeoplewhohadjusttakenatourofacollegecampus.Thosewithoutdamagetotheirhippocampushadsimilarstories.thosehaddamagetothisareaofthebrainunabletorecallthepropersequenceofevents.ThenumberofpeoplesufferingfrommemorydisordersisincreasingAsofSepetmber2019，around50millionpeopleworldwideweresufferingfromdementiaandthenumberwilltripleby2050,accordingtotheHealthOrganization.SuchstudieswillhelpscientistsdevelopbettermedicalinterventionsforpeoplefromAlzheimer'sdisease,thecauseof6070percentofdementiacases.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recount"inParagraph2probablymean?A.Decide.C.Create.D.Predict.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Mostoftheparticipantscouldnotrecallthewordsequence.B.Participantswererequiredtospeakoutthewordswithin30seconds.C.Peoplewithdamagedhippocampuscouldalsorecallsequenceevents.D.Whiletheparticipantswererecallingthewords,certainbraincellsreleasedsignals.30.Whatdoesthestudytryfindout?A.Howhumans'feelingoftimechangesovertime.B.Howoftenbraincellssendsignalsduringanevent.C.Howbraincellsworktoremembersequencesofevents.D.Howthebrainmemorizeseventsthatpeoplehaveexperienced.31.Whatcanthestudybeappliedto?A.Findingthetruecauseofdementia.B.Discoveringtimecellsincreatures.C.Findingwayscurememorydisorders.D.DecidingreasonforAlzheimer'sdisease.Dhaveheardofthetiger-butyoumostcertainlyhaveneverseenone.Alongwithmanyotherspeciesoverthepasthundredyears,thiscreaturebecameextinctbecauseofhumans.scientistsinAustraliaand5theUSaretryingbringitbacklife.Bringingspeciesbackfromthedeadisknownasdeextinction.Thoughitsoundslikesomethingfromasciencefictionmovie,newtechnologieshavemadede-extinctionaveryreal“bringback”anextinctspecies,scientiststakestemcellsfromacloselyrelatedlivinganimalandeditthegenes.Then,thecellsgrowintoanewanimal.Thisnewanimalisnotexactcopyoftheextinctone,butit'sveryclose.Inscientistscouldcreateentirepopulationsofanimalsandsetthemfreeinthewild.Ifsuccessful,thede-extinctionprojectinAustraliacouldhaveafavorableimpactontheenvironment.tigerscouldhelpbringbalancetoAustralia'sremainingforestsbyhuntingandkillinganimalsthatareharmingthetrees.Indeed,somethingsimilarhappenedwhenwolveswerereintroducedtoPark1995,withdeerandplantpopulationsrebalancedasaresult.De-extinctionisnotaperfectsolution,Forthing,won'tchangethehumanbehaviorsthatcauseanimalstobecomeextinctthefirstplace.Ifwecontinuepollutinganddestroyingtheenvironment,animalswillcontinuetodieout.onlywaywecantrulyprotectthemisbychangingourhabits.Bringingextinctspeciesbacktolifewon'tmagicallymakeusrespectnaturemore.Also,themoneythatwespendonde-extinctionwouldprobablybebetterspentonotherconservationprojects.asthoseagainstde-extinctionwouldputit,it'sbettertospendmoneyonthelivingratherthanthedead.Thereasonforthisisthat,comparedotherdeextinctionisextremelyexpensive.Infact,forthecostofbringingoneextinctspeciesbacktolife,traditionalconservationcouldsaveupeightthreatenedones.Thepowerofscienceisamazing,butitmightbetimeforusstopanddecidewhetherde-extinctionissomethingwereallywanttoachieve.thetechnologywecurrentlyhave,thequestionisnolonger“canwe?”but“shouldwe?”32.Whydoesthewritermention“wolvesintroducedtoPark”?testtheofde-extinction.discusstheimportanceofextinction.illustratethepossibleofde-extinction.presentasuccessfulexampleofdeextinction.33.Whatcanlearnaboutde-extinctioninthepassage?A.Itdemandsexpenses.B.Ithelpsadjusthumanbehaviours.C.Itthreatensthecurrentecosystem.D.Itrestoresthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.34.Whatistheauthor'sviewonde-extinction?A.Neutral.C.Supportive.B.Opposed.D.Unconcemed.第二节（共小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。6Whetherisinafamilyboardgame,orduringcompetitivesports,canbeeasytospotsorelosers.Duringthosetimeswhenarewithloss.sorelosersstrugglemorethanothers.Whensorelosersnoticethattheyareloweringtherankings,theytrytoatallcosts.Therefore,they'repreparedtodoanythingtheirpowertoavoidthemevenifthatinvolvesimmoralbehaviours.36Theyconstantlycalculatetheirunlikelihoodofathecompetitions.Andtheriskoflosingisveryhigh,theywillimmediatelywithdrawfromthegame.becausequittingisthelastwayensurelosingdoesn'thappen.Perhapsthebiggestrevealingofsorelosersistheirattitude.37Thiscanbelinkedbacktoevolutionarybenefits,aschannelingthisfrustrationhelpedourancestorssucceed.Afterlosingahunt,forexample,thesefeelingsmadethemtryharderuntiltheyweresuccessful.Whatcanwedoavoidbecomingsorelosers?wayinthefirstplaceisplayandexplorewhatyou'regoodwithoutanysuccesscriteria.Thenwhenitdoescometolosing,identifywhatwaswithinyourcontrolandwhetherdowntoluck,talent,orpractice.38feelsessentialhowwilltheresultyoutomorrow?Chancesare,it-won'tbeassignificantthen.A.Thesethoughtprocessescanhelpyougaininsight.B.Thestrategymayinvolvetheparticipantbecomingangrybeforehand.C.Givingupbeforetheresultsarefinalizedisanothersignofsorelosers.D.Thisisbecausethelosswillbringaboutsomeunwantednegativefeelings.E.Formanypeople,controllingangerisimpossibleastheirlossisannounced.ofuscanacceptthenegativeconsequencesoflosingafiercecompetition.G.Anotheristoconsidertheconsequencesofwinningorlosinginyourfuture.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共小题；第40、412分，第423分，第435分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforlongperiodsevenifyoualsoexerciseregularlycouldbebadforyourhealth.Anddoesn'tmatterwherethesittingtakesplacetheatschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputeror-justtheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.Severalstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelybefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.InaneditorialpublishedthisweekintheBritishJoumalofSportsMedicine,ElinEkblom-BakoftheSwedishSchoolofSportandHealthSciencessuggestedthatauthoritiesrethinkhowtheydefinephysicalactivityhighlightthedangersofsitting.Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimumamountsofphysicaltheyhaven'tsuggest