理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系课件

理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系理解句子、段落之间的逻辑关系

逻辑思维能力运用到对文章的深层理解过程。这需要对种种逻辑概念有一定的知识积累。一般要根据事实、现象或常识，而后进行本质比较和分析进行逻辑推理。要搞清常见的逻辑关系。从上下文中看出语意发展的路径。逻辑思维的方向主要指：并列、递进、因果、转折、反正、比较、对照、例证、结论等。文章的逻辑性体现在结构上层次分明，语意上连贯通顺，前后呼应。逻辑思维能力运用到对文章的深层理解过程。这需要对种种逻逻辑分析的细节1．主次关系与要义提炼2．事实与逻辑推断：因果、顺序、正反、对应、并列、递进、转折、让步、例举、条件、。。。3.立论与解释和说明4．比较与对照5．例证与结论6．主题与支撑7．包容与被包容8．总体与具体9．前提与结论的呼应关系逻辑分析的细节1．主次关系与要义提炼注意寻找逻辑衔接词语1。并列与递进：also,inaddition,what’smore,moreover,likewise,similarly,…2。转折：however,onthecontrary,insteadof,…3。因果：dueto,therefore,asaresult,…2。肯定和否定：certainly,never,instead,…3。让步与条件：although,unless,aslongas,…4。时间与空间：while,until,afterwards,…5。顺序推展：firstofall,then,finally,…6。列举说明：forinstanced,forexample,suchas,…8。总结概括：generallyspeaking,inconclusion,…注意寻找逻辑衔接词语1。并列与递进：also,inadd注意对句子概念的理解1。

要搞清楚7句话所表达的方向：哪个是核心句？哪个是上下文过渡句？哪个是总结性句子？句子所处什么位置？2。要在文中迅速找到对应部分3。要把握短文内容的整体理解4。要积累不同文体表述特点5。要小心：搞错一个，等于错掉两个注意对句子概念的理解1。要搞清楚7句话所表达的方向：2009全国高考宁夏、海南试题根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Gettingyourchildrentostudycanbealittlelikegettingthemtoeattheirvegetables.

1Makeastudytimeandhaveitatthesametimeeveryday.Thiswillhelpyourkidstolearntoscheduletheirdayandwillgivethemasenseofcontroloverhowtheyspendtheirtime.Allowthemtostudyinblocksoftime,suchasforhalfanhourwithafive-minutebreakinthemiddle.2Ideal(理想的)studytimesareafterdinnerorrightafterschoolbeforedinner.2009全国高考宁夏、海南试题根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中

Neverallowyourchildrentostudyinfrontofthetelevision,asthatwillencouragepassiveactivity.3.You’llalsoneedtohelpyourkidsfindtherightplacetostudy.Afteryou’resetupagoodstudytimeforlittlelearners,setupagoodplacewheretheycangetthosecreativejuicesflowing.

4.Makesurethereisatableoradeskandacomfortablechair.

5.Thisincludeshelpingthemoutwiththeirhomeworksometimesandbeingthereforthemwiththeanswertoanyquestions.Theinputyougiveyourchildrenduringstudyperiodswillhelpformabondandhelpmakestudyingenjoyable.NeverallowyourchildrentPickaplacewhereyourchildrencanstudyproperly.Holdthemtothescheduletheycreateforthemselves.Finally,spendtimewithyourkidswhenthey’restudying.Keeptheatmospherelightandofferlotsofencouragement,too.Instead,useTVasatreatorarewardwhenthehomeworkiscompleted.Trytostopthisbadhabitbyofferingsomesortorreward.Oneofthebestwaystoformgoodstudyhabitsforyourkidsistodesignaschedulethattheykeepto.答案：1.G2.B3.E4.A5.CPickaplacewhereyourchildr判断方法：

下文一般都是对上文的解释和说明；或前后呼应。G上句为题干：Oneofthebestwaystoformgoodstudyhabitsforyourkidsistodesignaschedulethattheykeepto.

养成孩子好的学习习惯最好的方法之一就是设计他们要坚持的时间表。接下来的一句：Makeastudytimeandhaveitatthesametimeeveryday.

做一个学习时间表，每天在同一时间学习。其中的关键词：schedule和makeastudytime判断方法：

2.B

在题干中找上句：Holdthemtothescheduletheycreateforthemselves.坚守他们自己创造的日程安排。与下句能连贯起来：Idealstudytimesareafterdinnerorrightafterschoolbeforedinner.理想的学习时间是饭后或放学后。

3.E

上句：Neverallowyourchildrentostudyinfrontofthetelevision,asthatwillencouragepassiveactivity.千万别让你的孩子在电视前学习，因为那会加剧消极活动。在题干中找到下句：Instead,useTVasatreatorarewardwhenthehomeworkiscompleted.而是要把看电视作为做完功课的奖励。其中关键词语是Instead和Never。_________2.B在题干中找上句：Holdthemtoth4.A

看题干：

Pickaplacewhereyourchildrencanstudyproperly.

选择一个适合孩子读书地方。

与下句正好呼应的是：

Makesurethereisatableoradeskandacomfortablechair.

一定要有一张桌子和一把舒适的椅子。4.A看题干：5.C

看题干：Finally,spendtimewithyourkidswhenthey’restudying.孩子做功课时要和他们在一起。（作为最后一段的文字前，通常用Finally作为结束。）连贯下来：Thisincludeshelpingthemoutwiththeirhomeworksometimesandbeingthereforthemwiththeanswertoanyquestions.Theinputyougiveyourchildrenduringstudyperiodswillhelpformaboneandhelpmakestudyingenjoyable.这包括有时要帮助孩子做作业，回答问题。在学习期间你对孩子的倾注将有助于巩固情感并使学习有乐趣。5.C看题干：Finally,spendtime

Gettingyourchildrentostudycanbealittlelikegettingthemtoeattheirvegetables.

1

Makeastudytimeandhaveitatthesametimeeveryday.Thiswillhelpyourkidstolearntoscheduletheirdayandwillgivethemasenseofcontroloverhowtheyspendtheirtime.

OneofthebestwaystoformgoodstudyhabitsforyourkidsistodesignaschedulethattheykeeptoGettingyourchildrentoAllowthemtostudyinblocksoftime,suchasforhalfanhourwithafive-minutebreakinthemiddle.2

Ideal(理想的)studytimesareafterdinnerorrightafterschoolbeforedinner.Holdthemtothescheduletheycreateforthemselves.AllowthemtostudyinblocksNeverallowyourchildrentostudyinfrontofthetelevision,asthatwillencouragepassiveactivity.3:Instead,useTVasatreatorarewardwhenthehomeworkiscompleted.Neverallowyourchildrentos

4:Makesurethereisatableoradeskandacomfortablechair.Pickaplacewhereyourchildrencanstudyproperly.4:Pickaplacewhereyour5.Thisincludeshelpingthemoutwiththeirhomeworksometimesandbeingthereforthemwiththeanswertoanyquestions.Theinputyougiveyourchildrenduringstudyperiodswillhelpformabondandhelpmakestudyingenjoyable.Finally,spendtimewithyourkidswhenthey’restudying.5.Finally,spendtimewithyo2009辽宁卷

71Homecanbeagreatplaceforchildrentostudy.It’simportanttoprovideaworkspaceoftheirownwheretheycanreadbooksorjustwritealettertotheirfriends.2009辽宁卷

Location(位置)

72Kitchenanddiningroomarenotsowellsuitedforregularstudy,sincebooksandpensgetinthewayoftheday-to-dayusesofthoseareas.Setupaplacewhereachildcansettleinandleavepapersandpensathandwithouthavingtocleareverythingawayeachnight.Forachildthatlikesbeingalone,setasideacornerofhisbedroom,butkeepitseparatefromthingslikegames,musicandotherhobbiesnotrelatedtostudying.Location(位置)KeepingThingsinOrderParentsshouldencouragetheirchildtospreadout,buttoleaveitneatandorderlywhenitisn’tusinghisworkspace.Ownershipisveryimportantforself-respect.73Theworkplaceshouldbepersonal,butnotanotherpartoftheplayroom.KeepingThingsinOrder74Encouragethewholefamilytohelpbuildasupportiveenvironmentthatchildrenneedforsuccessinschool.Givethemagoodexampleofhowtomanagetimeandgetthingsdoneintherightway.75Studywillbemoreenjoyableandeffectivewhensupportedbythewholefamily.74AttitudeIsEverything.BringOrganizationintoYourHome.Hereareseveralwaystochoosealocation.BuildingaGoodHomeLearningEnvironment.Holdacan-doattitudeandyourchildwillfollowyourexample.Settingupaspaceinacommonareaofyourhomecanbeagoodideaforchildren.Achildwholearnstoorganizehisspacewillcarryorganizationintoeverycornerofhislife.AttitudeIsEverything.71

Homecanbeagreatplaceforchildrentostudy.It’simportanttoprovideaworkspaceoftheirownwheretheycanreadbooksorjustwritealettertotheirfriends.根据后文：Homecanbeagreatplaceforchildrentostudy.家园是孩子们学习的理想场所。D项：“建设一个好的家庭学习环境。”作为本文的标题，即主旨要义。D:BuildingaGoodHomeLearningEnvironment.71根据后文：Homecanbeagreatp

Location(位置)

72

Kitchenanddiningroomarenotsowellsuitedforregularstudy,sincebooksandpensgetinthewayoftheday-to-dayusesofthoseareas.Setupaplacewhereachildcansettleinandleavepapersandpensathandwithouthavingtocleareverythingawayeachnight.Forachildthatlikesbeingalone,setasideacornerofhisbedroom,butkeepitseparatefromthingslikegames,musicandotherhobbiesnotrelatedtostudying.______________________________________________________________________________________________安排一个固定的地方让孩子们可以手中拿纸笔不用每晚清理。。。F:Settingupaspaceinacommonareaofyourhomecanbeagoodideaforchildren.安排一个共用的地方给孩子是个好主意Location(位置)________________KeepingThingsinOrderParentsshouldencouragetheirchildtospreadout,buttoleaveitneatandorderlywhenitisn’tusinghisworkspace.Ownershipisveryimportantforself-respect.73

Theworkplaceshouldbepersonal,butnotanotherpartoftheplayroom.上文：家长应鼓励孩子把东西铺开，还能在不用的时候摆放有序。对于自尊来说所有权是很重要的。接下来：一个学会安排空间的孩子必将把这种条理性带如他人生的每个角落。G:Achildwholearnstoorganizehisspacewillcarryorganizationintoeverycornerofhislife.______________________________________KeepingThingsinOrder上文：家长应74Encouragethewholefamilytohelpbuildasupportiveenvironmentthatchildrenneedforsuccessinschool.Givethemagoodexampleofhowtomanagetimeandgetthingsdoneintherightway.75

Studywillbemoreenjoyableandeffectivewhensupportedbythewholefamily.从下文知道：态度的重要性。从上文知道：有“能做到”的态度，孩子会以你为榜样。AttitudeIsEverything.E.Holdacan-doattitudeandyourchildwillfollowyourexample.74从下文知道：态度的重要性。从上文知道：有“能做到”的2010年北京卷考试说明样题

LifeStoryofDaveThomas

Since1989,DaveThomas,whodiedofcanceratage69inhisFortLauderdalehome,wasoneofthemostrecognizablefacesonTV.71“Aslongasitworks,”hesaidin1991,“I’llcontinuetodothosecommercials.”

72“Hestillwon’tletanyoneseehisfeet,whichareoutofshapebecauseheneverhadproper-fittingshoes,”Wendysaidin1993.Borntoasinglemother,hewasadoptedasababyByRexandAulevaThomasofKalamazooinMichigan.AfterAulevadiedwhenhewas5,ThomasspentyearsontheroadasRextraveledaroundseekingconstructionwork.“Hefedme,”Thomassaid,“andifIgotoutofline,he’dbeatme.”2010年北京卷考试说明样题

Movingoutonhisownat15,Thomasworked,firstasawaiter,inmanyrestaurants.73“IthoughtifIownedarestaurant,”Hesaid,“Icouldeatforfree.”A1956meetingwithHarlandSandersledThomastoacareerasaKentuckyFriedChickenrestaurantownerthatmadehimamillionairein1968.In1969,afterbreakingwithSanders,ThomasstartedthefirstWendy’sOldFashionedHamburgers,inColumbus,Ohio,whichsetitselfapartbyservingmade-to-orderburgers.

74Movingoutonhisown

Althoughtroubledbyhisownexperiencewithadoption,Thomas,marriedsince1954toLorraine,66,andwithfourgrownkidsbesidesWendy,feltitcouldofferafutureforotherchildren.HestartedtheDaveThomasFoundation(基金会)forAdoptionin1992.In1993,Thomas,whohadleftschoolat15,graduatedfromCoconutCreekHighSchoolinFlorida.75ThekidsvotedhimMostLikelytoSucceed.Althoughtroubledbyhi

“TheDaveyousawonTV,”saysfriendPatWilliams,seniorvicepresidentoftheOrlandoMagic,“wastherealDave.Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”“TheDaveyousawonTV,”Buthehadsomethingmuchbetterinmind.HeeventookLorrainetothegraduationdanceparty.Eventhoughhewassuccessful,Thomasremainedtroubledbyhischildhood.Byusinghisexperienceanddetermination,Thomasturnedtherestaurantsaround.With6,000restaurantsworldwide,thechainnowmakes$6billionayearinsales.Heappearedinmorethan800commercialsforthehamburgerchainnamedforhisdaughter,now40.Hedroppedoutofschooltoworkfull-time.Thisdecisiontodropouthauntedhimuntilhewentbacktoschool45yearslater.Buthehadsomethingmuchbett补全后看连贯Since1989,DaveThomas,whodiedofcanceratage69inhisFortLauderdalehome,wasoneofthemostrecognizablefacesonTV.71

“Aslongasitworks,”hesaidin1991,“I’llcontinuetodothosecommercials.”F:Heappearedinmorethan800commercialsforthehamburgerchainnamedforhisdaughter,now40.补全后看连贯Since1989,DaveTho:

“Hestillwon’tletanyoneseehisfeet,whichareoutofshapebecauseheneverhadproper-fittingshoes,”Wendysaidin1993.Borntoasinglemother,hewasadoptedasababyByRexandAulevaThomasofKalamazooinMichigan.AfterAulevadiedwhenhewas5,ThomasspentyearsontheroadasRextraveledaroundseekingconstructionwork.“Hefedme,”Thomassaid,“andifIgotoutofline,he’dbeatme.”C:Eventhoughhewassuccessful,Thomasremainedtroubledbyhischildhood.:C:EventhoughhewassuccessMovingoutonhisownat15,Thomasworked,firstasawaiter,inmanyrestaurants.73

“IthoughtifIownedarestaurant,”Hesaid,“Icouldeatforfree.”A1956meetingwithHarlandSandersledThomastoacareerasaKentuckyFriedChickenrestaurantownerthatmadehimamillionairein1968.A:Buthehadsomethingmuchbetterinmind.Movingoutonhisownat15,TIn1969,afterbreakingwithSanders,ThomasstartedthefirstWendy’sOldFashionedHamburgers,inColumbus,Ohio,whichsetitselfapartbyservingmade-to-orderburgers.

74E:With6,000restaurantsworldwide,thechainnowmakes$6billionayearinsales.In1969,afterbreakinIn1993,Thomas,whohadleftschoolat15,graduatedfromCoconutCreekHighSchoolinFlorida.75

ThekidsvotedhimMostLikelytoSucceed.B:HeeventookLorrainetothegraduationdanceparty.In1993,Thomas,whoha（2010北京海淀区1月模拟题-E篇）

WarrenBuffett

Forsomeonewhoissuchasuccessfulinvestor,WarrenBuffettcomesoffasaprettyordinaryguy.HewasbornonAugust30,1930.71Heusedtodoor-to-doorandsellsodawater.WhenhisfamilymovedtoWashington,BuffettbecameapaperboyforTheWashingtonPost.Buffettranhisfivepaperroutesandevenaddedmagazinestoroundouthisproductofferings.Whilestillinschool,hewasmaking$175amonth,afull-timewageformanymen.（2010北京海淀区1月模拟题-E篇）

72Hespent$1,200on40acresoffarmlandinNebraska.Heandafriendalsomade$50aweekbyplacingpinballmachinesinbarbershops.Theycalledtheirventure(企业)WilsonCoinOperatedMachineCo.72Hespent$1,200on40ac

Alreadyasuccessfulsmall-timebusinessman,Buffettwasn’tinterestedingoingtocollegebutendedupattheuniversityofPennsylvania---hisfatherencouragedhimtogo.73ButhewasturneddowninwhathadtobeoneoftheworstadmissiondecisionsinHarvardhistory.TheoutcomeaffectedBuffett’slife,forheendedupattendingColumbiaBusinessSchool,wherehestudiedunderProfessorBenjaminGraham,thefatherofsecuritiesanalysiswhoprovidedthefoundation(基础)forBuffett’sinvestmentstrategy.Alreadyasuccessfulsm

Fromthebeginning,Buffettmadehisfortunefrominveting.Hestartedwithallthemoneyhehadmadefromsellingsodawater,deliveringpapers,andoperatingpinballmachines.Between1950and1956,hegrewhis$9,800to$14,000.74Andthenhegraduallydrewinotherinvestorthroughwordofmouthandveryattractiveterms.Fromthebeginning,B

75Hedoesn’tcollecthousesorcarsorworksofart,andhedisdains(鄙视)companiesthatwastemoneyonexpensivecars,privatediningrooms,andhigh-pricedrealvillas.Heisacreatureofhabit---samehouse,sameoffice,samecity,samesodawater.75Hedoesn’tcollecthoThenBuffettappliedtoHarvardBusinessSchool.Buffettismorelikelytobefoundinafour-starrestaurant.Whenhewas14,Buffettstillkeptgreatinterestininvestment.Evenasayoungchild,Buffettwasseriousaboutmakingmoney.OnethingisforsureaboutBuffett:heishappydoingwhatheisdoing.Buffett’sinvestmentstrategymirrorshislifestyleandhisoverallphilosophy.Fromthere,heorganizedinvestmentpartnershipswithhisfamilyandfriends.ThenBuffettappliedtoHarvarForsomeonewhoissuchasuccessfulinvestor,WarrenBuffettcomesoffasaprettyordinaryguy.HewasbornonAugust30,1930.71

Heusedtodoor-to-doorandsellsodawater.WhenhisfamilymovedtoWashington,Buffettbecameapape