2023年北京西城区高三上学期期末英语试题及答案

北京市西城区2022—2023北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第1页（共12页）北京市西城区202202年度第一学期期末试卷第一第一1.5）出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A、B、C、D四个选项中，选舔Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummersheapproached1,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.舔)herhandsOliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked()herhandsasshe2himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)3,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lantohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto4.“I’mexcited,”Oliviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses5eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By6theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming7withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir8skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome9withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their10 consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happilyB.calmlyC.slowlyD.directly2.A.fedB.leftC.madeD.threw3.A.awardB.exchangeC.negotiationD.breakthrough4.A.fameB.successC.responsibilityD.freedom5.A.beforeB.afterC.asD.though6.A.takingoverB.walkingwithC.caringforD.respondingto7.A.routinesB.bondsC.judgementsD.ideas8.A.technicalB.survivalC.organizationalD.social9.A.popularB.familiarC.satisfiedD.patient第二节（101.51510.第二节（101.515卡指定区域作答。当的1题卡指定区域作答。AGratitudeismorethanjustsaying“thankyou”.Gratitudeisadeeperappreciationforsomeoneorsomething.Expressinggratitudemakesusfeelapositiveemotion.Overthepastthirtyyears,there(be)manystudiesshowingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonoffersusanopportunity12(escape)fromnegativeemotions.Evenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,theactofcompletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierand13(satisfied)withlife.Themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.BWhenIwasinSingaporesixyearsago,Igaveataxidriveracard14aspecificaddressonitandaskedhimtotakemethereasquicklyaspossible.Whenwehadalmostreachedthedestination,hecircledaroundtheblock.Hismeterreadbuthetookonly$10.Heexplainedthathewasn’tsofamiliarwiththisarea.Beforegettingoutofthetaxi,I15(tell)thattheridewiththetaxidriverisalwaysanimportantexperience16createsthefirstimpressionaboutthiscountryforaperson.CWhenwereyouborn?Formostpeople,thisisaneasyquestion.Eventhosewhodon’tknowtheirexactbirthdaycanusuallyfigureoutwhentheywereborntowithinafewyears.YettheInternetisfullofquizzes17(make)tohelpyoudetermineinwhichdecadeyouwereborn.Theseareusuallybasedonwhat18(happen)inAmericanpopcultureatthetimeyoufirstbecameawareofit.Itsoundsfoolish.Butmanypeople,though19(complain)aboutthestupidquizzes,stilltakethem,wondering20theiranswersgeneratetheircorrectbirthyear.北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语 第3页（共12页第一节（共1北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语 第3页（共12页A并在A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，A北京市西城区2022—2023北京市西城区2022—2023学年度第一学期期末试卷高三英语第10页（共12页）ThecollectionsoftheSouthwestMuseumfocuson .lifestylesofAmericanresidentsnativeculturesoftheAmericasdiversityofAmericanfestivalsdevelopmentofAmericanartsWhatcanavisitordoattheSouthwestMuseum?Interviewnotedartists.paintingearthenware.Appreciatetravelingexhibitions.SurveymodernAmericanfolkart.Whichbenefitcanamuseummemberenjoy?Freeclassesandprograms.A10%discountonkachinadolls.Theprioritytoreserveguidedtours.Therighttoinvitefriendstoexhibitionopenings.BAfewdaysago,myhusband,Russ,andIlostourhouseof28yearstoaCaliforniawildfire.Onthatnight,wehadtoleaveourhouseandsleepinthebackseatofourFord.Thenextmorning,wehadtodrivethreeandahalfhourstofindahotelthathadanavailableroom.Onlylater,inthelocalnewspaper,didweseephotographsofthedestruction.Ourhousehadbeenconsumedbythefirealongwithmostofourneighborhood.Howarewegoingtorebuildafterthis?Ithought,roundingacornerinthesidewalkonmywalkbacktothehotel.Isitevenpossible?Inoticedsomethingupahead—apairofnickels,shininglikepreciousjewels.Theywerejustnickels,buttheysomehowfeltspecial.Ibentdownandpickedthemup.Ifthesewereluckycoins,IcouldusealltheluckIcouldget.

nickelAfewdayslater,Imadeatriptothestoretobuyessentials.Theenormoustaskofreplacingeverythingwe’dlostputaheavyweightonme.IwasabouttoleavewhenIfelttheurgetostopandturnmyheadtotheright.Icouldhardlybelieveit—thereonashelf,wasanickel!Okay,maybethisismorethanluck,Ithoughtandputthenickelinmypocket.ItoldmyselfthatIhadfoundthenickelsjustbychance.ThenIfoundonenexttomyplateatarestaurant—onThanksgiving,noless,whenIwasmissingourhousemorethanever.Itseemedthatanickelappearedwhenevermyspiritsplummeted.WheneverIreachedmybreakingpoint,I’dfindanothernickel.Inthegrassatthepark,ornearthetireofmycarinaparkinglot.Once,mychangeforaquicklunchwasgivenentirelyinnickels.“I’msorry,”thecashiersaid.“It’sallwehave.”It’sallIneeded!Oneday,Iwassittingatthedeskwhenmyphonerang.Itwasareal-estateagentI’dbeenworkingwith.“Ihaveanewlisting,”shesaid.“Whencanweseeit?”Afewhourslater,RussandIwerefollowingtheagentdownthedrivewaytowardthehouse.Ididn’tthinklong.Becausethere,inthedriveway,…Afterthewildfire,thecouple .livedintheircarforonenighttooksomephotosofthedestructioncouldhardlyaffordtheirThanksgivingdinnersavedpreciousitemsfromtheburneddownhouseWhatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”inParagraph6probablymean?Remained. B.Changed. C.Strengthened. D.Sank.Whatdidthefoundnickelsmeantotheauthor?Luckfortheforeseeablefuture.Hopeduringchallengingtimes.Signsofahugefortunetocome.Remindersofwhathadhappened.Whichwouldbethebestendingforthepassage?Ispottedaflashofsilverinthesun,twonickels,bothheadsup.Ifoundanoldnickel,whichseemedtotellastoryfromthepast.Isawamysteriouslockedbox,andthoughtperhapsitwasfullofnickels.Ilookedupandimaginedsomethingonacloud,agiantnickel,justforme.COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.气味“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.气味Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor().Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.investigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftThisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(转基因的scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(转基因的knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?studywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.investigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.helppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.testtheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.whichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?Naturaloilfromhumanskin.Chemicalsintheenvironment.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?MostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanGeneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanFurtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.authentication(身份验证Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderwithbiometric-based( )securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofauthentication(身份验证),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandbiometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,”saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser’sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofCyber,acyberresearchandadvisoryarguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.nevergetridofthem,”hesaid.nevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.Cyber’sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.WhatisEricBrown’sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?Indifferent. B.Passionate. C.Pessimistic. D.Objective.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureTheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegun第二节（5第二节（5210答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthemtobehealthy,tofeelsatisfiedwiththeircareer,andtohavestrongfriendships.35Recentresearchsuggeststhatateen’saffect—especiallypositiveaffect—isonecriticalfactor.Whatexactlyisaffect?Affectisthetendencytoexpresspositiveornegativeemotions,whichinturninfluenceshowweexperiencethingsanddeterminewhethertojudgeagivensituationaspositiveornegative.36Moreover,researchsuggeststhataperson’saffectisrelativelystableovertime,especiallybythetimeonereachesadulthood.Affectistypicallydescribedintermsofbeingeitherpositiveornegative,anditseemsthatpositiveaffect,inparticular,isrelatedtoanumberofbeneficialoutcomesinadulthood.Insupportofthiscrucialrolethatpositiveaffecthasindevelopment,astudybyresearchersattheUniversityofVirginiafollowedteenagersandyoungadultsfromages14to25,allowingthemtounderstandtheoftheto37Forexample,teenswithahigherpositiveaffectreportedhadastronger,healthierattachmenttotheirfriends.38Positiveaffectalsopredictedincreasedself-worthandjobcompetence,suggestingthat,overall,positiveaffectseemstobeakeypredictorofyoungadultsuccessacrossseveralimportantareasoffunctioning.Butwhatabouttheeffectsofnegativeaffect?Theresearchersalsoexaminedwhethernegativeaffectwouldpredictproblemsinyoungadulthood.39Thus,theimportanttakeawayisthatadolescentpositiveaffectmayhavepowerfullinkstoimportantlifeoutcomesinthedomainsofpersonalwell-being,career,andsocialrelationshipsuptoadecadelater.Affectiveresponsestoeventstypicallyhappenautomatically.Sohowcanparentshelptheirchildrengraspthemeaningofpositiveaffect?Butwhatfactorshelpproducetheseoutcomesasteensmovefromadolescencetoadulthood?Interestingly,theresultssuggestedthatpositiveaffectmaygobeyondhelpingteensbuildpositiverelationships.Theresultsuncoveredthatnegativeaffectmightaccountformanylifeproblemswhenateenagerbecameayoungadult.Unlikepositiveaffect,havinggreaternegativeaffectdidnothaveanysignificantassociationswithanyofthelaterlifeoutcomes.Thisstudyfoundthatpositiveaffectwasstronglypredictiveoflifeoutcomesinyoungadulthood,suchasdevelopingbetterfriendships.412223352TheotherdayIwashavingcoffeeandcatchingupwithBrian,afriendIhadn’tseeninoverayear,whenheaskedmethisquestion:“DoyouregretleavingGoogle?”“Ofcourse,Idon’tregretit,”Ianswered.ButwhenIreflectedmoredeeplyonhisquestion,Iarrivedatthisrealization:cannotregretsomethingthathastaughtusvaluablelessonsinlife.Truthis,noteverydecisionwemakewillbetherightchoiceforus.Ilearnedlaterthatquittingmyoneandonlysourceofincometostartane-commercebusinessfromnothingwasarecipeforfinancialNo,thatdecisionwasnottherightoneatthetime.PerhapsIshould’vefollowedtheadviceIgivetoday:Buildyourbusinesswhileworkingafull-timejobsothatyoucanworkfromaplaceofButthenagain,Iwouldn’thavelearnedsuchavaluablelessonhadInotacteduponwhatwastrulyimportanttomeatthetime—thefreedomofpursuingmyowndream,onmyownterms.regretwhat’sinthepastandcan’tbechanged.comparethechoiceswemadeyesterdaytoanidealpaththatwethinkweshouldhavetaken—wesimplyimagineittobeabetterpath.Whatisworseiswhenstuckinregret,weloseourcontroloverwhatmattersmost:Whatwedowithourtime,There’samuchbetterwaytolookatregret—amoremindfulway—anditcanbeseenataplacewhereaction,reflection,andgratitudemeet.Sowheneveryoufindyourselfcaughtinregret,stopandaskyourselfthesetwoquestions:“WhathaveIlearnedfromthis?AndhowhaveIgrownbecauseofit?”Perhapsyoumightjustshiftyourviewpointfromthatofbeingupsetandregretfultobeingappreciativeandgrateful.WhatdidBrian’squestionmakethewriterrealize?Listthetwowordstheauthor