英语A级语法点讲解(课堂)课件

AB级

语法知识点1AB级

语法知识点1虚拟语气虚拟语气，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图建议、惊奇、设想等。而不表示客观存在的事实。IwishIwereabird.Lookatthosedovesflyingacrosstheskyinthestrongsunlight.IwishIwereawhitecloudgivingthemcoolshade.IfIwereyou,Ishouldn’tdoit.2虚拟语气虚拟语气，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、2虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿，命令等。谓语动词要用动词原形。1.表示祝愿：eg.LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!Mayyoubehappyallyourlife!2.表示命令：eg.Everybodyleavetheroom!Letoneofyougoandtellhertocome.3虚拟语气在简单句中的用法虚拟语气用于简单句时，一般表示祝愿，虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法在条件状语从句中的用法：表示与现在事实相反的情况条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词的过去式（be的过去式一般用were。在he,she,或it等后，也可用was。）I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should/would/might/could+动词原形4虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法在条件状语从句中的用法：条件从句IfIhadmoretime,IshouldstudyGerman.Ifshewere(was)notsobusy,shewouldattendthemeetingthisafternoon.Iftheydidn’ttakethephysicalexerciseseveryday,theywouldn’tbesohealthy.Ifyouwenttobedearlier,youwouldnotbesosleepyinthemorning.5IfIhadmoretime,IshouldsB.表示与过去事实相反的情况条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+had+过去分词I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should/would/might/could+have+过去分词6B.表示与过去事实相反的情况条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形Ifyouhadtakentheoldexperiencedworker’sadvice,youwouldn’thavefailed

intheexperiment.IwouldhavecheckedmypaperagainifIhadhadmoretimeatyesterday’sexamination.Hewouldhavealreadyrecoveredfromhisillnessifhehadseenthedoctoringoodtime.7IfyouhadtakentheoldexperC表示与将来事实相反的情况条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式1.IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+行为动词过去式(be的过去式一般用were)通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用。2.IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should+动词原形。3.IfI(we,you,he,she,it,they)+wereto+动词原形。I(we,you,he,she,it,they)+should/could/might/would+动词原形8C表示与将来事实相反的情况条件从句的动词形式主句的动词形式Ifitrainedtomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.IfIsawhimtomorrow,Iwouldpassyournotetohim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,ourpicnicwouldbeputoff.Shemightcomebackandstartoffagainthedayaftertomorrowifsheweretomissthetraintomorrow.9Ifitrainedtomorrow,ourpic注意：用虚拟语气表示条件从句，可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，但所表达的意义侧重点不同。如主句在前，强调“结果”；如从句在前，强调“条件”。按汉语习惯，通常条件从句在前，主句在后。不论英文主从句的前后，汉语翻译不变。10注意：用虚拟语气表示条件从句，可以放在主102.在主语从句中的用法：通常由形式主语it引出的主语从句来表达虚拟语气。在主语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，表示什么是必要，重要，奇怪等具体内容。Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,essential,urgent,surprising)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itisapity(ashame,nowonder)thatyoushouldbesocareless.should意为应该，竟然，可以省去，但不可换成would。112.在主语从句中的用法：通常由形式主语it引出113.

在某些欲望动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,request,suggest,advice,prefer,agree,expert,intend,recommend,ask,decide,object,persist,determine等后面的宾语从句用(should)+动词原型.Wesuggestedthatweshouldhaveameeting.Weinsistedthattheygowithus.Thedoctororderedthatshestayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatweshouldstartrightaway.123.在某些欲望动词arrange,command,de4.在Itis(high,about)timethat+宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示该做某事了的意思，这也是一种虚拟语气。Itistimewegotup.(shouldgetup)Itishightimeourathletesshowed(shouldshow)theirbest.Itistime(that)westarted.134.在Itis(high,about)timet情态动词＋have+p.p.1.should/oughtto+havedone/havebeendoing表示本来应该做某事却没有做

Youshould/oughttohaveaskedmypermissionfirst.

Youshouldn’thavebeenrestingatthattimeofday.2.must+have+havedone/havebeendoing

表示对过去事态的一种猜测（可对可错）只用于肯定句。否定句和疑问句需用can’t和can.

Hereyesarered.Shemusthavebeencrying.

Youmusthaveleftyourhandbaginthetheatre.14情态动词＋have+p.p.143.may/might/can/could+havedone/havebeendoing表示过去的”可能”

Shecouldhavemissedthetrain.might/could+havedone/havebeendoing有时可以表示本来可能发生但没有发生，或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作。

Youmighthavekilledyourself.Icouldhavepassedtheexamination,butIfailed.153.may/might/can/could+havedoEx:1.Therepresentativeofthecompanydemandedthatpartoftheagreement____revised.A.willbeB.isC.tobeD.be2.Itisrequiredthatanyoneapplyingforadriver’slicense___asetoftests.A.takeB.takesC.tookD.willtake3.Tom____thepartyasnoonesawhimthereyesterdayevening.A.can’tattendB.mustn’tattendC.Won’thaveattendedD.couldn’thaveattendedDAD16Ex:DAD164.Itismostdesirablethathe___fortheinformationbyhimselfwithafewclicksonline.A.searchB.searchedC.hassearchedD.willsearch5.ThisATMhasbeenoutofserviceforafewdays.Itshould___lastweek.A.fixB.befixedC.havefixedDhavebeenfixedAD174.Itismostdesirablethathe6.Theboypassedthefinalexams.Butifhehadspentmoretimeonthem,theresults(be)_______________muchbetter.7.Ifhehadtakenhislawyer’sadvice,he(save)_______________himselfagreatdealoftrouble.8.Hemighthavebeenkilledinthatcaraccidentyesterdayifhe(take)_______partinthatactivitywiththeteam.wouldhavebeenwouldhavesavedhadtaken186.Theboypassedthefinalexa8.Hemightnothavebeenkilledinthetrafficaccidentyesterdayifhe(fasten)

___________theseatbelt.9.Itisimportantthathe(be)__calledbackimmediately.10.Itisrequiredthateveryemployee(come)

______intheiruniformbefore8:30a.m.11.Jackmust(go)________away–wecan’tfindhimanywhereinthefactory.hadfastenedbecomehavegone198.Hemightnothavebeenkille12.Ithinkit’shightimewe___measurestoprotecttheenvironment.A.tookB.willtakeC.takeD.havetaken13.You’dbettertakeanumbrellaincaseit__.A.willrainB.shallrainC.shouldrainD.wouldrain14.Thesuggestionthatwe__ameetingnextFridayisverygood.A.willhaveB.wouldhaveC.haveD.shallhaveACC2012.Ithinkit’shightimewe分词（短语）做状语分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。例如：Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.(=whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom,theystoodup.)表示时间。21分词（短语）做状语分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因现在分词与过去分词的区别1.语态不同：-ing形式表示主动概念，及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。

anexcitingspeech振奋人心的演讲

theexcitedboy感到兴奋的男孩2.时间关系不同：现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往是已经完成的动作。

thechangingworld正在发生改变的世界

thechangedworld已经起了变化的世界22现在分词与过去分词的区别1.语态不同：-ing形式表示主动作原因状语作原因状语时,相当于as,since,because引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Deeplyshocked,Idecidednevertospeaktoheragain.Annoyedbythewayshespoketome,Ilefttheoffice.Notknowinghowtodealwiththetroubleofthecomputer,Martinhadtoaskhisbrotherforhelp.Frightenedbythesuddenvoice,herfaceturnedpale.23作原因状语作原因状语时,相当于as,since,beca作条件状语作条件状语时,相当于if,unless引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Givenanotherchance,hewilldoitmuchbetter.(ifhewasgivenanotherchance,…)Turningtotheright,youwillfindthebank.(Ifyouturntotheright,…)Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.24作条件状语24作时间状语作时间状语时,相当于when引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.(Whentheyheardthenews,…)Seenfromthehilltop,theviewisfantastic.Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.Hearingastrangesound,theystoppedtalking.Seeingacarcoming,theysteppedaside.25作时间状语作时间状语时,相当于when引导的从句.(这类状如果分词表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生，则分词应放在句尾．Heopenedthedoor,greetinghisguests.

Shesatdown,listeningtotheirtalk.26如果分词表示的动作紧接着谓语动作之后发生，则分词应放在句尾．作结果状语作结果状语时,相当于sothat引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的后半部分.常译为“于是，所以，因而”）Heturnedoffthelamp,seeingnothing.

theChinesefilledeveryinchofspacewithproductsandsalespeople,leavinglittleornoroomforpotentialcustomers.Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,

leavingtheprojectunfinished.27作结果状语作结果状语时,相当于sothat引导的从句.(作让步状语作让步状语时,相当于though,evenif引导的从句.(这类状语通常放在句子的前半部分.)Grantinghishonesty,westillcan’temployhim.Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn’ttriedherbest.Leftalone,theboywillgetintotrouble.Workinghardashedid,hewasstillunabletoearnenoughmoneytobuyacar.28作让步状语作让步状语时,相当于though,evenif作方式／伴随状况状语此时不能用状语从句替换，但可改写成并列句．Heturnedawaydisappeared.Theoldmanwalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards.Hestoodbythedoor,lookingout.Theyboyranhome,crying.Hewassittingatthewindow,readinganewspaper.

Istoodatthebusstop,waitingforher.

29作方式／伴随状况状语此时不能用状语从句替换，但可改写成并列句1.____tofindtheproperjob,hedecidedtogiveupjob-huntinginthiscity.A.FailedB.BeingfailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed2.Theproposal___,we’llhavetomakeanotherdecisionaboutwhentostarttheproject.A.acceptedB.acceptingC.toacceptD.beacceptedDA301.____tofindtheproperjob,3.___thatBobhadgotpromoted,hisfriendscametocongratulatehim.A.HeardB.HavingheardC.HearD.Tohear4.___howtodealwiththetroubleofthecomputer,Martinhadtoaskhisbrotherforhelp.A.NotknowB.NotknownC.NottoknowD.NotknowingBD313.___thatBobhadgotpromote5.(take)______thefinancialdifficultiesintoconsideration,we’dbetterputofftheplantillnextyear.6.(Judge)______fromlastyear’sexperience,thecoachknowsheshouldnotexpecttoomuchofhisteam.7.(watch)________byacrowdofpeople,Charlesfeltembarrassedandcouldn’tsayaword.8.(impress)_________bytheyoungman’sgoodqualifications,theyofferedhimajobintheirfilm.TakingJudgingWatchedImpressed325.(take)______thefinanciald分词（短语）做定语分词（短语）做定语放在名词或代词后面起修饰作用，-ed分词表示被动，-ing分词表示主动．1.Thetallbuilding(complete)________lastmonthisournewclassroombuilding.2.Thechildren(play)______theviolinovertherewillgoonthestagenextweek.3.Theprofessor,(know)________asasplendidspeaker,waswarmlyreceivedbythestudents.completedplayingknown33分词（短语）做定语completedplayingknown4.Thousandsofproducts__fromcrudeoilarenowindailyuse.A.tomakeB.bemakeC.makingD.made5.It’ssaidtheagreement___betweenthetwocompanieslastmonthwillbecomeeffectivefromMay1st.A.tosignB.signedC.tobesignedD.signingDB344.Thousandsofproducts__fr独立主格结构分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致，否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构。独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。一般位于句首，有时也居句尾，表示伴随情况时，常位于句尾。独立结构：逻辑主语（名词，代词）+分词，可以表示时间，原因，条件，方式或伴随情况等。35独立主格结构分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致，否Marycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.Allbeingwell,theprojectwillbefinishedinfivemonths.Weatherpermitting,weshallgothereonfoot.Advicefailing,wehavetouseforce.Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks.Shewalkedalongthepath,herdaughterfollowingclosebehind.36Marycomingback,theydiscussThisdone,theywenthome.Thetableset,theybegantodine.Goodluckgiven,Iwillearnmoremoneythanallofyou.Healthandpersistencegiven,onecandogreatthings.Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandcrossedunderhishead.Hereturnedthreedayslater,hisfacecoveredwithmudandhisclothestornintopieces.37Thisdone,theywenthome.371.________,wewentswimmingintheriver.A.ThedaybeingveryhotB.ItwasaveryhotdayC.ThedaywasveryhotD.Beingaveryhotday2.__________,weshallgotothepark.A.TimepermittedB.TimeispermittingC.TimepermittingD.Permittime3.Shewateredtheflowers,herhusband____thebirds.A.isfeedingB.feedingC.wasfeedingD.feedACB381.________,wewentswimming倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫做倒装结构。39倒装英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语391.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，引起倒装。

Onnoaccountshouldyoutelllies.Rarelydoeshegotothemovies.Notoftendotheymeet.NeverinallmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.NotonlywasChurchillastatesman,butalsoapoet.Churchill.401.当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，引起倒装。401.Notforamoment__thetruthofyourexplanationabouttheevent.A. wehavedoubtedB.didwedoubtC.wehaddoubtedD.doubtedwe2.Notuntilyesterday___anythingabouttheprojectthatwillbecompletedsoon.A.didIlearnB.haveIlearntC.IlearntD.thatIlearnt3.Heisusedtoflyingbyairandonnooccasion____frightened.A.hehaseverfeltB.heeverfeelsC.everdoeshefeelD.hasheeverfelt

BAD411.Notforamoment__thetrut常见的词组：neverrarelyscarcelynotnotoftennotuntilonnoaccounthardly…whenonnoconsiderationinnocircumstancesundernocircumstancesinnowayatnotimebynomeansnotinfrequentlynotonly…butalsoseldomlittlehardlynowherenotabitstilllessnotonanyaccountnosooner…thanneither…(nor)notonone’slifeinnocaseinvainnotonceortwice42常见的词组：422.句首状语若由“only＋副词”、“only＋介词词组”、“only＋状语分句”构成，引起倒装。

OnlybybeingwithyoucanIfeelthemeaningoflife.Onlybecauseofaminormistakehashebeenfired.OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.Onlyaftertheaccidentdidhebecomecautious.Onlywhenonefallsilldoesoneknowthevalueofhealth.OnlyoncehaveIseenhim.Onlybyworkinghardcanonesucceed.432.句首状语若由“only＋副词”、“only＋介词词组”、1.Onlywhenclassbegan___thathehadlefthisbookathome.A.willherealizeB.hedidrealizeC.didherealizeD.shouldherealize2.Onlywhenyouhaveacquiredagoodknowledgeofgrammar__writecorrectly.A.youwillB.youcanC.canyouD.can’tyouCC441.Onlywhenclassbegan___t3.在so…that…和such…that…的句型中，so和such在句首时句中需要进行倒装．Sofastdidhewalkthatnoneofuswashisequal.Suchwastheforceofexplosionthatallthewindowwerebroken.Sodarkwasitthathecouldn'tseethefacesofhiscompanions.453.在so…that…和such…that…的句型中，so1.Soloudly___thatpeoplecouldhearitoutinthestreet.A.didthestudentsplaythemusicB.thestudentsplayingthemusicC.thestudentsplayedthemusicD.havethestudentsplayedthemusic2.