大学英语四级写作专题讲解课件

大学英语四级写作专题大学英语四级写作专题一、文章的基本结构二、写作实例分析四级作文解析一、文章的基本结构四级作文解析文章的基本结构概论文章的基本结构写作的三段论模式文章的基本结构概论一、概论文章是由段落构成，而段落的基本结构是由主题句、支撑句和结尾句所构成，它的具体结构可以用以下的图表加以表示：1/2一、概论文章是由段落构成，而段落的基本结构是由主题句、支撑句二、文章的基本结构2/2二、文章的基本结构2/2写作的三段论模式大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：开头段(introduction)主体段(bodyparagraph)结尾段(conclusion)写作的三段论模式大学英语四级写作通常采用三段论模式，即：(一)开头段开头段概论常用的开头段的表达方法开头段的常用核心句型(一)开头段开头段概论开头段概论对于大学英语四级的写作考题来说，限于篇幅，其开头段一般都不长。然而，这寥寥几句话却占有十分重要的地位，它表达的是整篇文章的主题思想。在议论文中，我们称之为中心论点，它起到驾驭全文的作用。一个意义清晰、明确的开头段，将有助于读者理解全文；一个精彩、新颖的开头段还能激起读者的阅读欲望。开头段概论对于大学英语四级的写作考题来说，限于篇幅，其开头段常用的开头段的表达方法使用引语（useaquotation）引用具体或粗略的数据（usefiguresorstatistics）提出问题（askaquestion）给出具体实例或报道（offerrelevantexamplesorreports）定义法（givedefinition）主题句法（useoftopicsentence）常用的开头段的表达方法使用引语（useaquotatio常用的开头段的表达方法●使用引语（useaquotation）

使用一段名人名言，或人们常用的谚语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。

如：

“Greatmindsmustbereadynotonlytotaketheopportunity,buttomakethem.”Colton,agreatwriteronceremarked.Butitstillhasaprofoundsignificancenow.Toaperson,inwhoselifetimeopportunitiesarenotmany,tomakeopportunitiesismoreessentialtohissuccess.

分析：开头引用Colton的名言说明“创造机会”对于成功的重要性，点明主题。常用的开头段的表达方法●使用引语（useaquotat常用的开头段的表达方法●引用具体或粗略的数据（usefiguresorstatistics）

当然对于图表题型，该种方法是必须的选择，具体做法是给出一些具体或粗略的数据，然后作出概括性分析，点明主题或引出需要论述的问题。

如：

Asisdemonstratedinthetable,moreandmorecollegegraduatesareoutofajobinourcountry,whichisaseriousproblemtooureconomicdevelopmentandsocialsecurity.Itisestimatedthatin2004,thereare500,000unemployedgraduates,morethan30%higherthanin2002.

分析：文章引用2004年找不到工作的毕业生达到50万这一数据来说明大学生找工作难这一现象的严重性，很有说服力。常用的开头段的表达方法●引用具体或粗略的数据（usefi常用的开头段的表达方法●提出问题（askaquestion）

提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。

如：

Whatdoyouwantfromyourwork?Money,Promotions,Interestingchallenges,Continuallearning,Work-basedfriendships,Theopportunitytodevelopyourownideaandpotentials.

Thoughweareallindividualsandsoouranswerswilldiffer,allagreethatworkprovidemorethanmaterialthings.

分析：文章开头提出“你想从工作中得到什么”这一问题，然后自问自答，指出工作除了物质利益，还可以给我们带来很多其它收获这一结论。常用的开头段的表达方法●提出问题（askaquestio常用的开头段的表达方法●给出具体实例或报道（offerrelevantexamplesorreports）

如：

Asregardsthestressforcollegestudents,therehasbeenaheateddiscussionamongthepublicinthesociety.Itwasreportedthatastudentkilledfourofhisclassmatesjustbecauseofatrivialmatter.Itcanbeeasilyseenthatpressurehasbecomeaseriousissuewecannotneglect.

分析：文章通过引用新闻报道的一个实例，说明了大学生心理问题的严重性。常用的开头段的表达方法●给出具体实例或报道（offerre常用的开头段的表达方法●定义法（givedefinition）

针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨。

如：

Asweallknow,practicemakesperfect.Thisisanaccumulatedexperienceweinheritfromourforefathers,andnowitisstillwidelyappliedtoourdailylife.Itmeansthatthemorewepractice,themorelikelywearegoingtodothingsperfectly.

分析：文章用Itmeansthat这一句型，说明了practicemakesperfect的含义。常用的开头段的表达方法●定义法（givedefinitio常用的开头段的表达方法●主题句法（useoftopicsentence）

文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题，然后围绕主题内容进行发展。

如：

NowadaysoneoftheseriousproblemsChinaisfacedwithistheincreasingilliteracyamongtheadolescents.AccordingtoarecentsurveybyDr.Li,deanofEducationalDepartmentofBeijingNormalUniversity,about18%ofthechildrenbetween8and15yearsoldhavedroppedoutofschoolacrossthecountry.

分析：文章开头即提出中国的文盲现象日益严重这一问题，然后再用实例数据加以佐证。常用的开头段的表达方法●主题句法（useoftopic开头段的常用核心句型●Asopposedtogenerallyacceptedviews,Ibelievethat…

●Thearguermayberightabout…,butheseemstoneglecttomentionthefactthat….

●Althoughitiscommonlyagreedthat…,itisunlikelytobetruethat….

●Thereisanelementoftruthinthisstatement,butitignoresadeeperandmorebasicfactthat….

●Inallthediscussionanddebateover…,oneimportantfactisgenerallyoverlooked.

开头段的常用核心句型●Asopposedtogen开头段的常用核心句型●Onthesurface（Atfirstthought）,it（this）mayseemasound（anattractive）suggestion（solution/idea）,butcarefulweighingonthemind（oncloseranalysis/onsecondthought）,wefindthat…

●Althoughmanypeoplebelievethat…,I

wonderwhethertheargumentbearsmuchanalysis.

开头段的常用核心句型●Onthesurface（At开头段的常用核心句型●Thedanger（problem/fact/truth/point）isthat….

●IagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseIbelievethat….●Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof….Thosewhoobjectto…

arguethat….Butpeoplewhofavor…,ontheotherhand,arguethat….

开头段的常用核心句型●Thedanger（proble开头段的常用核心句型●Currently（Inrecentyears/Inthepastfewyears/Formanyyearsnow）,thereis（has

been）a（n）general（widespread/growing/widelyheld）feelingtowards（concernover/attitudetowards/trendtowards/awarenessof/realizationof/illusionof/beliefin）….

●AsfarasIamconcerned,however,Ibelievethat….

●Nowitiscommonly（widely/generally/increasingly）believed（thought/held/

accepted/felt/recognized/acknowledged）that….ButIwonder（doubt）whether…开头段的常用核心句型●Currently（Inrece(二)主体段主体段概述主体段段落扩充方法(二)主体段主体段概述主体段概述主体段的写作方法是多种多样的，而不同的方法会产生不同的效果，不同的方法需用不同的组织形式。因此，在动笔之前，必须先选择好所采用的方法，然后根据自己所选的方法确定相应的结构形式，才能把文章写好。主体段概述主体段的写作方法是多种多样的，而不同的方法会产生不主体段段落扩充方法一、列举法（Listing）二、举例法（Exemplification）三、分类法（Classification）四、比较对照法（ComparisonandContrast）五、因果法（CauseandEffect）主体段段落扩充方法一、列举法（Listing）列举法（Listing）定义也叫枚举法。是一种在主题句中提出论点，然后列举一系列论据或原因对主题进行论证或阐述的方法。列举的顺序可以按照所列各点内容的相对重要性、时间、空间顺序等进行。列举法（Listing）定义也叫枚举法。是一种在主题句中提出列举法作文例子Togetthemostoutofyourtextbookyoushouldfollowseveralstepsverycarefully.First,youshouldmakeapreliminarysurveyofeachbooktogetageneralideaofwhatthebookcontains.Second,youshouldreadfordeeperunderstandingandformulatequestionsasyouread.Next,makenotesofthemajorpointofeachchapter.Then,testyourselftobesurethatyoucananswerquestionslikelytoberaisedinclassorinexaminations.Finally,reviewyournotesandrereadanypartsofthebookthatareuncleartoyou.列举法作文例子Togetthemostoutof常用于列举法的过渡连接词first,second,third,etc.;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;firstofall,firstandforemost;tobeginwith,tostartwith;foronething,foranother;also,besides,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,whatismore;aboveall;next;beyondthat;initially;eventually,lastbutnotleast…..常用于列举法的过渡连接词first,second,thi举例法（Exemplification）定义作者通过举出具体事例来阐述、说明主题句的内容。严格地讲，举例法也是列举法的一种，它们的区别在于：列举法侧重罗列事实，所列事实力求全面；而举例法侧重通过举出典型事例来解释作者的观点，且事例可多可少。举例法（Exemplification）定义作者通过举出具体举例法作文例子Therearemanydifferentformsofexercisestosuitdifferenttastes.Forexample,thosewhoenjoycompetitivesportsmaytakeupballgames.Foranotherexample,iftheyprefertoexercisealone,theycanhavearunortakeawalkinthemorningorintheevening.Besides,peoplecangoswimminginthesummerandgoskatinginthewinter.Inshort,nomatterwhattheirinterestsare,peoplecanalwaysfindmorethanonesportthatissuitabletothem.举例法作文例子Therearemanydifferen举例法中常见的过渡性词语forexample,forinstance,asanexample,asanillustration,suchas,acaseinpointis,toillustrate,inparticular,specifically,say,next,namely,thatis,like,take…asanexample,tonamejustafew,etc.举例法中常见的过渡性词语forexample,for分类法(Classification)定义在阐述某一概念的段落中，常用分类法。通过对概念中所包括的事物进行分门别类地叙述，使读者有更为清晰的认识。分类法(Classification)定义在阐述某一概念的段分类法作文例子Eversincehumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech,whenthereisalanguagebarrier,communicationisaccomplishedthroughsignlanguageinwhichmotionsstandforletters,wordsandideas.Touristsandthepeopleunabletohearorspeakhavehadtoresorttothisformofexpression.Manyofthesesymbolsofwholewordsareveryvividandexactandcanbeusedinternationally;spelling,however,cannot.Bodylanguagetransmitsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eitherintentionallyorunintentionally.Anodsignifiesapproval,whileshakingtheheadindicatesanegativereaction.Otherformsoflanguagecanbefoundinsignalflags,Morsecodeandpicturesigns.分类法作文例子Eversincehumanshave常见的用以分类的词语动词：sort(into),divide(into),classify,group,fallinto,etc.名词：sorts,classes,groups,categories,types,kinds,aspects,etc.常见的用以分类的词语动词：sort(into),div比较对照法(ComparisonandContrast)定义比较对照法由比较和对照两部分组成，但两者往往一起用以阐述两者或者更多事物间的异同，常用于说明文和议论文写作。比较描述的是所比对象的相同、类似点，而对照则强调所描述对象之间的不同，甚至相反之处。常用的比较对照的结构模式有两种，即整块比较法和逐点比较法。比较对照法(ComparisonandContrast)在整块比较法中先集中描述A，再集中描述B。其模式为：A1、A2、A3……B1、B2、B3……

例子:Computershavebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.First,computerscancalculate.Theycanmakeworkmoreefficientfortheyhaveahighspeedofcalculation.Besides,peoplecancommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail,whichcostspeoplelessmoneyandlesstime.Mostimportantofall,computerscreatewidecommunicationaroundtheworld.PeoplecancommunicatewitheachotherviatheInternet.Theycanmakefriendsallovertheworld.Buteverycoinhadtwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,sincecomputerscandoalotofworkforus,suchascalculation,wemayrelytoomuchonthemandbecomelazierandlazier.Tomakemattersworse,althoughitisconvenientforpeopletocommunicatewitheachotherbyE-mail,theoriginalwarmrelationshipmaybecomecold,forpeoplewillhavefeweropportunitiestotalktoeachotherfacetoface.Worstofall,computerscanspreadvirusescausedbyelectronichackersresultinginalotofimportantinformationbeinglost.在整块比较法中先集中描述A，再集中描述B。其模式为：A1、Aproverbsays,“Likefather,likeson.”Buttheproverbdoesn’tseemtofitmygrandfatherandmyfatherbecausetheyhavemoredifferencesthansimilarities.First,mygrandfatherisintroverted,whilemyfatherisextroverted.Wecaneasilyreadwhatisonmyfather’smind,butitishardtofindoutwhatmygrandfatheristhinkingabout.Next,mygrandfatherisalwaysindifferenttochildren.Heseldomtalkswithchildrenandthechildrenaresomewhatafraidofhim.Incontrast,myfatherisverywarm-heartedtochildren.Helikestotalkwiththem,sothechildreninmyfamilyalllikehim.Finally,mygrandfatherisobstinate.Oncehehadmadeadecision,heneverchangesit.However,myfather,evenafterhehasmadeadecision,willaskothersforopinions.Ifhethinkstheopinionsarereasonable,hemightchangehismind.Althoughmygrandfatherandmyfatherresembleeachotherverymuchinappearance,theydifferincharacter,thinkingandbehavior.逐点比较法是A、B双方同时逐点描述，其模式为：A1B1A2B2A3B3……例如：Aproverbsays,“Likefather,常见的比较对照的过渡性词语常用的表示比较的过渡性词语有：similarly,likewise,correspondingly,inasimilarway,inthesameway,too,like,resemble,similarto,equalto,equally,important,both…and…,thesameas常用的表示对照的过渡性词语有：ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,in/bycontrast,incontrastto,insharpcontrast,conversely,otherwise,however,nevertheless,but,yet,(al)though,eventhough,whereas/while,itistrue…but,instead,unlike,ratherthan,inspiteof,contrastwith,differ(ent)from,contraryto常见的比较对照的过渡性词语常用的表示比较的过渡性词语有：因果法(CauseandEffect)定义

因果法经常用以阐述原因，回答“为什么”这类问题，分析事物发展的前因后果，也多见于说明文和论述文。因果关系的普遍性决定了因果关系的复杂性，通常因果关系模式有一因一果、一因多果、一果多因和多果多因等，而以因果方式扩展段落时通常可采用先因后果或先果后因的一因多果或一果多因模式，其中的多因或多果用通常以枚举方式列举。因果法(CauseandEffect)定义因果法经常用因果法作文例子Theroleofwomenintoday’ssocietyischanging.Onereasonisthatwomenhavebeguntoassertthemselvesasindependentpeoplethroughthewomen’smovement.Also,womenareawareofthealternativestostayingathome.Anotherreasonisthatincreasingnumbersofwomenwhoenternewfieldsofinterestserveasrolemodelsforotherwomen.Moreover,menarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheabilitiesofwomenandhavebeguntoviewtheirindependencepositively.因果法作文例子Theroleofwomeninto常用的表示因果关系的过渡性词语because,as,since,for,owingto,becauseof,dueto,onaccountof,asaresultof,forthereason,resultfrom,thus,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,forthisreason,onthataccount,asaresult,asaconsequence,itfollowsthat…,resultin,contributeto常用的表示因果关系的过渡性词语（三）结尾段结尾段概述常用的结尾段的表达方法结尾段常用的的核心句型（三）结尾段结尾段概述结尾段概述开头和结尾往往是读者注意最多的部分。开头引起读者注意，提出主题；结尾与开头呼应，使读者感觉全文论述完整，圆满结束。从某种意义上来说，结尾更容易给读者留下深刻印象。人们常把好的文章结尾称作是“画龙点睛”，可见结尾部分对整篇文章所起的作用。结尾段概述开头和结尾往往是读者注意最多的部分。开头引起读者注常用的结尾段的表达方法总结归纳重申主题预测展望提出建议提出问题引用格言

常用的结尾段的表达方法总结归纳常用的结尾段的表达方法●总结归纳

简要总结归纳文章要点，以便深化主题印象。如：

InconclusionIwouldliketosaythatchildrenneedtobeunderstoodbutchildrenalsoneedtounderstandtheirparents.Itisonlywhenparentsandchildrencometounderstandeachotherthatwecansolveproblemseffectivelyandnarrowthegenerationgap.

分析：文章通过inconclusion引出对前面所作论述的归纳，使主题更加明确。

常用的结尾段的表达方法●总结归纳

简要总结归纳文章要点，常用的结尾段的表达方法●重申主题

再次强调和确定文章开头阐述的中心思想。如：

Admittedly,sciencehascreatedatomicbombsandproducedpervasive无处不在的pollution.Butithastransformedthelivesofmillionsofpeople.Ithasmultipliedman’senergy,hopes,ambitionsandunderstanding.Ithaselevatedandwillcontinuetoelevate举起;抬高manintellectuallyandspiritually.

分析：文章对前文的观点进行了重复，使之更加鲜明。

常用的结尾段的表达方法●重申主题

再次强调和确定文章开头阐常用的结尾段的表达方法●预测展望

立足当前，放眼未来。如：

Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetoothers.Ibelievethattherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.

分析：文章通过对未来积极的展望，说明了爱在生活中的重要性。

常用的结尾段的表达方法●预测展望

立足当前，放眼未来。如：常用的结尾段的表达方法●提出建议

提出解决问题的途径、方法或呼吁人们采取相应的行动。如：

Astheissueplayssuchakeyroleinoursociety,sufficientattentionshouldbepaidfromboththegovernmentandthepublic.Thegovernmentshouldmakesurethatthecensus人口普查iswellcarriedoutandthepeopleshouldbeactivelyinvolvedinthecensus.

分析：文章在结尾从政府和公众两个角度提出建议，以保证人口普查的顺利进行。常用的结尾段的表达方法●提出建议

提出解决问题的途径、方法常用的结尾段的表达方法●提出问题

提出具有发人深省的问题，从而突出中心思想。如：

Oldpeoplemaychoosetolivealoneforthemselvesandevenembrace欣然接受thislivingpattern.Butinthedeeppartoftheirhearts,theymustfeellonely.Theyneedtheirchildrentostaywith,totalkwith,andtakecareofthem.Whycan’tyoungpeoplethinkofthedayswhentheyaregettingold?

分析：文章最后用一个反问句“年轻人为什么不想想自己年老时的情形”来提醒他们将心比心，设身处地，去关心父母双亲。

常用的结尾段的表达方法●提出问题

提出具有发人深省的问题，常用的结尾段的表达方法●引用格言

用格言、谚语或习语总括全文中心思想。如：

Manyyeasago,agreatphilosopherFrancisBaconremarkedthat“Knowledgeispower.”Thiscannowbetranslatedintocontemporaryterms.Inoursocialsetting,“Knowledgeischange”—andacceleratingknowledge-acquisition,fuelingthegreatengineoftechnology,meansacceleratingchange.

分析:文章借用培根“知识就是力量”名言的结构，指出“知识就是变化”以深化主题，给读者留下深刻的印象。常用的结尾段的表达方法●引用格言

用格言、谚语或习语总括全结尾段常用的的核心句型●Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove（Takingintoaccountallthesefactors/Judging

fromallevidenceoffered）,wemaysafelydraw（reach/cometo/arriveat）theconclusionthat….

●Alltheevidence（analysis）supports（justifies/confirms/warrants/pointsto）a（n）unshakable（unmistakable/sound/just）conclusionthat….

●Itishightimethatweplace（lay/put）great（special/considerable）emphasison

theimprovement（development/increase/promotion）of….

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Fromwhathasbe结尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishightimethatweputanendtothedeep-seated根深蒂固的（unhealthy/undesirable不利的）situation（tendency/phenomenon）of….

●Wemustlook（search/call/cry）foranimmediateaction（method/measure),becausethepresent（current）situation（phenomenon/tendency/state/attitude）of…,ifpermitted（allowed）tocontinue（proceed）,willsurely（certainly）leadto（resultin）theend（destruction/heavycost）of….

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishightimet结尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereisnoeasy（immediate/effective）solution（approach/answer/remedy）totheproblemof…,but…mightbeuseful（helpful/beneficial）.

●Noeasymethod（solution/recipe/remedy）canbeathand（found/guaranteed）tosolve（resolve/tackle）theproblemof…,butthecommon（general/public）recognitionof（realizationof/awarenessof/commitmentto）thenecessity（importance/significance）of…mightbethefirststeptowardschange（ontherightway/intherightdirection）.

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereisnoeasy结尾段常用的的核心句型●Followingthesemethods（suggestions）maynotguaranteethesuccessin（solutionto）…,butthepay-off取得成功willbeworththeeffort.

●Obviously（Clearly/Nodoubt),ifweignore（areblindto）theproblem,thereiseverychancethat….

●Unlessthereisacommonrealizationof（generalcommitmentto）…,itisverylikely

（thechancesaregood）that….

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Followingthesem结尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereislittledoubt（nodenying）thatserious（special/adequate/immediate/

further）attentionmustbecalled（paid/devoted）totheproblemof….

●Itisnecessary（essential/fundamental）thateffective（quick/proper）action（steps/measures/remedies）shouldbetakentoprevent（correct/check/end/fight）thesituation（tendency/phenomenon).

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Thereislittled结尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishopedthatgreateffortsshouldbedirectedto（expendedon/focusedon）finding

（developing/improving）….

●Itremainstobeseenwhether…,buttheprospect（outlook）isnotquiteencouraging

（thatrosy乐观的）.

●Anyhow,wider（more）education（publicity）shouldbegiventothepossible（potential/grave/serious）consequences（effects）of….

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Itishopedthat结尾段常用的的核心句型●Toreverse（check/control）thetrend（tendency）isnotalighttask（aneasyjob）,anditrequires（demands/involves/entails）adifferentstateofmindtowards（attitudetowards/outlookon）….

●Forthesereasons,Istronglyrecommendthat….

●Forthereasonsgivenabove,Ifeelthat….

结尾段常用的的核心句型●Toreverse（check二、写作实例分析议论文说明文二、写作实例分析议论文议论文概论议论文段落结构议论文举例（1）议论文举例（2）议论文概论概论议论文的第一种形式是要求考生针对某一有争议性的两种观点，来阐述自己的立场，或对这一问题反映出的某一观点进行驳斥，然后提出自己的看法并加以论证。它的基本形式是：一些人认为……；另一些人认为……；我的看法……。这种文章的基本结构如下：概论议论文的第一种形式是要求考生针对某一有争议性的两种观点，议论文段落结构Paragraph1:Introduction(启)Paragraph2:Analysis(承)Paragraph3:Conclusion(转合)议论文段落结构Paragraph1:Introduct议论文举例(1)例如：MyviewonDataCollection1.一些人认为数据库威胁个人隐私2.另一些人认为数据库有利于提高工作效率3.我的看法议论文举例(1)例如：MyviewonDataColMyviewonDataCollectionDatacollectionisafactofmodernlife.Somearguethatdatacollectionisendangeringtherightsofindividuals,thoughothersseeitasausefultoolwhichincreasesefficiency.(启)Tobefrank,Ibelievedatacollectiondoesmoregoodthanharm.(作者观点)MyviewonDataCollectionMyviewonDataCollectionForonething,databasesprovideaveryusefultool.Largedatabaseswhichcontaininformationonmanyindividualscanenablemoreeffectivedecisionstobemade.Institutionssuchasgovernmentdepartmentsandpolicerelyondatacollectioninordertooperateefficiently,andhospitalsusecomputerizedrecordstohelpintheirfightagainstdisease.(承1)MyviewonDataCollectionForMyviewonDataCollectionForanother,databasesstoredoncomputercanalsobeveryefficient.Datawhichhasbeencollectedinoneareacanbesentanywhereintheworldalmostinstantly.Thismeansthatthosewhohavelegitimate合法的accesstothisdatacanworkveryefficiently.(承2)MyviewonDataCollectionMyviewonDataCollectionInsummary,datacollectiononindividualscanbejustified,althoughallpossiblemeasuresshouldbetakentominimizetherisks.(转合)MyviewonDataCollection议论文举例(2)议论文的第二种形式是要求考生针对某一有争议性的观点，表明自己的观点(同意或是不同意)，并提出相应的论证。如：Direction:

Itisveryimportantthatchildrenshouldstudyhardatschool.Timespentplayingsportistimewasted.Doyouagreeordisagree?Giveyourreasons.议论文举例(2)议论文的第二种形式是要求考生针对某一有争议性议论文举例(2)Wecouldarguethatchildrengotoschooltostudysothattheymaybecomefullyproductiveadultsandgoodcitizens.Weshouldaskwhetherplayingsporthelpschildrentobecomebetter

people.Ifso,sportisnotawasteoftime.(启)议论文举例(2)Wecouldarguethatch议论文举例(2)Itisgenerally

believedthatstudentsneedmorethantheknowledgeofasubject.Theyneedtoknowhowtoworkingroupstoachieveamutualgoal,howtoworkasateam.Wherebettertolearnthoseskillsthanonthesportsfield?Anyoftheteamsportsinvolvecoordinationwithotherplayers,

understandingandadoptingateammentality.Theseskillsaretoousefultobeignored.(承1)议论文举例(2)Itisgenerallybeliev议论文举例(2)Moreover,itisimportantthatpeoplebe

healthy,andgoodhealthisnotsoeasilyachievedinasedentary久坐的society.Sportgetsstudentsoutsideandgivesthemgoodreasontorunabout,thuscounteringhoursspentsittingstill.(承2)议论文举例(2)Moreover,itisimport议论文举例(2)SoAlthoughschoolstudiesareundeniablyimportant,weshouldregardtimespent

playingsportastimewellspent.(转合).议论文举例(2)SoAlthoughschoolstu说明文概论说明文段落结构说明文举例（1）说明文举例（2）说明文举例（3）说明文图表型作文常用句型说明文概论概述说明文一般用于解释和分析社会现象或社会问题。要求考生对某种社会现象产生的原因及其可能造成的种种影响或应采取的措施进行分析和说明。概述说明文一般用于解释和分析社会现象或社会问题。要求考生对某说明文的段落结构此类文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph1:phenomenon(现象)Paragraph2:reasons(effects)(原因或危害)Paragraph:3suggestionsorsolutions(措施)说明文的段落结构此类文章的基本结构如下：说明文举例(1)Drugabuseamongyoungpeoplehasbecomemoreandmoreprevalentoverrecentyears.(主题句)Statisticsshowthatthenumberofyouthdrugusersalmostdoublesinthepastthreeyears.(数据支撑)Itisvitaltoanalyzewhydrugs

aresoattractivetoyoungpeopleandwhatcanbedonetocombatit.(结论)说明文举例(1)Drugabuseamongy说明文举例(1)Firstly,teenagersareunderincreasingpressure-thismaybepeerpressureorpressuretosucceed,forexample.Drugusemayhelpthemescapereality,forgettheirproblems,orsimplyfeelmoreacceptedbytheirfriends.(原因1)Inaddition,throughthemediaweareexposedtoinformationthatglamorizesdruguseandmakesitlookattractive,particularlytoyoungpeople.(原因2)Furthermore,teenagersareusually

naturallycuriousaboutdrugs,anddrugdealerscantakeadvantageofthiscuriosityfortheirownprofit.(原因3)说明文举例(1)Firstly,teenagers说明文举例(1)Highfinesandprisonsentencesshouldalsobeimposedondrugdealersandusers.(措施1)However,itismyownpersonalviewthatpreventionisbetterthancureandsoagoodeducationprogrammedaboutthedangersofdrugabuseisoneofthemostimportantstepsanygovernmentshouldtake.(措施2)说明文举例(1)HighfinesandpriHarmfulnessofVideoGames1．许多年轻人沉溺于电子游戏中。

2．电子游戏的危害。

3．解决的办法。

HarmfulnessofVideoGames1．许写作导航:第一段可陈述许多年轻人陷入电子游戏不能自拔的现象；第二段罗列电子游戏的危害，如对身体的危害、对学习和工作的影响，以及不良电子游戏对年轻人道德会产生不良影响等；第三段可从充分认识电子游戏的危害、取缔非法网吧和鼓励开发健康游戏等方面提出解决问题的办法。写作导航:第一段可陈述许多年轻人陷入电子游戏不能自拔的现象；说明文举例(2)比较性说明文用于比较两种或几种类似的事物，要求考生通过比较它们各自的优点或缺点，说明自己的看法，并加以论证。这种文章的基本结构如下：Paragraph1:phenomenon(现象)Paragraph2:advantages(优点)Paragraph3:disadvantages(缺点)Paragraph4:comments(结论)说明文举例(2)比较性说明文用于比较两种或几种类似的事物，要说明文举例(2)Amobilephoneisgettingincreasinglypopular.(主题句)Statisticsshowthat

eightoutoftencollegestudentshavegotone.(数据支撑)However,asisthecasewithmanyissues,amobilephonehasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.(承上启下)说明文举例(2)Amobilephoneisgett说明文举例(2)Onthepositiveside,amobilephoneallowscallstobemadeinstantlyfromalmostanylocation.Thiscanbevitalwhereemergencyservicesneedtobecalledtothesceneofacrime,accidentorfire,wherenopublictelephoneisnearby.(优点1)Meanwhile,amobilephonecanserveasaconnectiontotheInternet,whichcanbeextremelyconvenientforobtaininginformationwhereveryoumaybe.(优点2)说明文举例(2)Onthepositiveside,说明文举例(2)Thefactthatamobilephoneallowsaperson

tobecontactedatanytimecaninitselfbeadisadvantage.Forinstance,anemployeemay,viathemobilephone,beconstantlyavailabletohisemployerandfeelsthatheneverleaveswork.Thismaycausedistress.(缺点1)Anotherdisadvantageistheperceivedhealthrisksassociatedwithitsuse.Somepeoplebelievethatusingmobilephonesforlongperiodscandamagethebrain.(缺点2)说明文举例(2)Thefactthatamobile说明文举例(2)Thereisnodenyingthatamobilephonehasbothbenefitsanddrawbacksbutonbalanceperhapstheadvantagesofamobilephoneoutweighitsdisadvantagessinceamobilehasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife.(结论)说明文举例(2)Thereisnodenyingth说明文举例(3)图表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构是：Paragraph1:change(变化)Paragraph2:reasonsorimplication(原因或意义)Paragraph3:conclusion(effects;implication)(结论)说明文举例(3)图表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构说明文举例(3)说明文举例(3)说明文举例(3)Theperiod1995~2005witnessedarapidincreaseinthenumberofpeopleinCityXtraveling