北京市高一下学期期末英语试卷带答案解析

第第页北京市高一下学期期末英语试卷(带答案解析）（满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________考号：___________一、完形填空OneMondaymorningIcameintotheclassroomandcaughtJoe1apictureonhismathbook.ThiswasonedayafterIhadgiventheclassalecture2takingcareofschoolproperty(所有物).NormallyIwouldhavegotangryandsenthimtotheoffice.Instead,Iwalkedovertohisdeskandstoodthere.Joeclosedthebookimmediately,tryingtohidehisdrawing.Isaid,“Letmerepeat3Isaidyesterday:thesetextbooksaregoingtobeusedforthenextfiveyears,andIexpectyou4goodcareofthem.”“Sorry,”Joewhispered.“Iforgot.”“Isee.”Isaid.WhenIreturnedtoJoe’sdeskagain,he5thedrawingwithhistiny,worn-out(破旧的)eraser.Ihandedhim6andadrawingpad,andthensaid,“Here,thismightmakethejob7.Andyoucanalsousethepadwheneveryouwanttodraw.”Joelooked8andsaid,“Thanks.”Inoddedandstartedmylesson.Joe9inhistextbooksince.Hekeepsthepadinhispocketandshowsmehisdrawingfromtimetotime.I’mgladIdidn’taskhimtogototheofficethatday.Itmighthavestoppedhimfrommarkingonhisbooks,10wewouldneverhavetherelationshipwehavetoday.Andwhoknows,ImayhaveencouragedapromisingPicasso.1．A．willdraw B．todraw C．drawing2．A．in B．on C．at3．A．how B．that C．what4．A．totake B．taking C．took5．A．remove B．isremoving C．wasremoving6．A．me B．my C．mine7．A．easiest B．easier C．easily8．A．surprised B．surprise C．surprising9．A．didn’tdraw B．hasn’tdrawn C．won’tdraw10．A．so B．because C．but二、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当词组并用其正确形式填空。becuriousabout

comeacross

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takeaction

behonouredtoberegardedas

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breakdown11．Isthisthebeautifulsmalltownthatyouoften________?12．Asweallknow,babies________everythingaroundthem.13．We________havingtoputoffourholidaybecauseofbadweather.14．Unlessgovernments________,theEarth’satmospherewillcontinuetoheatup.15．I________inviteyoutovisitanexhibition,whosethemeis“CreativityLightsUpLife”.16．AlthoughEileenGuisonly19yearsold,she________oneoftheworld’stopfreestyleskiers.17．________,forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.18．Weneedto________howmuchfoodwe’llneedtotakewithus.19．I________someoldphotoswhenIwascleaningouttheroom.20．Sandrawaslateforthemeetingbecausehercar________.三、用单词的适当形式完成句子21．Thebeautifulislandisaplace__attractsmanypeopletogototravel.（用适当的词填空）22．Money________(spend)onthebrainisneverspentinvain.(所给词的适当形式填空)23．Toseeonething________(be)betterthantohearahundredtimes.(所给词的适当形式填空)24．Inthischapter,Iwillattempt________(explain)whatleduptoculturaldifference.(所给词的适当形式填空)25．Tracylayontheriverbank,________(feel)thewarmthofthesunagainstherface.(所给词的适当形式填空)26．MydoctorsaidIshouldhavemyeyes________(test)every2years.(所给词的适当形式填空)27．Johnhasbeenunwell,andthismaybethereason________helostthematch.(用适当的词填空)28．Forexample,theycanlearntounderstand________someoneissayingbylookingatthemouthofthespeaker.（用适当的词填空）29．Shehasbecomeascientist________workisinternationallyrenowned.（用适当的词填空）30．Homeis________youcanfindloveandcare.(用适当的词填空)四、阅读理解☆Meetwithastronomers

☆Trycomputerprogramsastronomersuse

☆Hearthelatestnews

☆WorkwithactualdataDirector:ConnieWalkercwalker@TheTeenAstronomyCaféprogramisanout-of-schoolprogramthatoffershighschoolstudentsopportunitiestointeractwithscientistswhoworkattheforefrontofastronomy.Theprogramwillbefrom9:30a.m.tillnoonononemorningeachmonthfromOctoberthroughMay(exceptforJanuary).Studentsexplorethebirthanddeathofstars,killerasteroids(行星),thestructureoftheuniverse,darkenergy,darkmatter,andmore.Ahands-onactivityrelatedtotheshortpresentationwillfollowaspartoftheTeenAstronomyCafésexperience—eitherasastate-of-the-artcomputerlabactivity,amovie,adeeperdiscussion,oranexplorationofthetopicwitha3-Dprinter.Thestudentswillusetheactualcomputerprogramsanddatathatthescientistsuse!TheTeenAstronomyCafésareopentoallhighschoolstudentsatnocost.Theprogramaimstoimprovestudentachievement,andfuel(激发)theirdesiretogotocollegeandpursueacareerinscience,technology,engineering,ormathematics(STEM)inthefuture.IfstudentsareinterestedinattendinganyoralloftheTeenAstronomyCafés,pleasehavethemregisterathttp://www.teenastronomycafé.org.DatesfortheTeenAstronomyCafésnextcomingacademicyear(学年)are:31．Studentstakingpartintheprogramwill______.A．userealscientificdataB．workfortheastronomersC．researchthebirthoftheuniverseD．developcomputerprogramonastronomy32．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheprogram?A．Toofferfreeeducation.B．Totrainfutureastronomers.C．Tosolvetheproblemsofastronomy.D．ToencouragefurtherstudyofSTEM.33．In2022,studentscanattendTeenAstronomyCaféson______.A．January6th B．May1st C．October3rd D．November7thWhydoessocialmediatriggerfeelingsoflonelinessandinadequacy?Becauseinsteadofbeingreallife,itis,forthemostpart,impressionmanagement,awayofmarketingyourself,carefullychoosingandfilteringthepictureandwordstoputyourbestfaceforward.Online“friends”madethroughsocialmediadonotfollowthenormalpsychologicalprogressionofainterpersonalrelationship.YoushareneitherphysicaltimenoremotionalconversationsovertheInternet.Yousimplycommunicatephotographsandcatchypoststoadiversegroupofpeoplewhomyouhave“friended”or“followed”basedonanaccidentalinteraction.Thisisnottosaythatyoursocialmediafriendscan'tberealfriends.Theyabsolutelycan,butthetwoarenotthesame.Generallyspeaking,therearenounfilteredcommentsandcasuallytakenphotosonoursocialmediapages.And,rightfullyso,becauseitwouldn'tfeelsafetobecompletelyauthenticandvulnerablewithsomeofour“friends”whomwedon'tactuallyknoworwithwhomtrusthasyettobebuilt.Socialmediacancertainlybeanescapefromthedailyroutines,butwemustbecautionedagainstthenegativeeffects,suchasaddiction,onaperson'soverallpsychologicalwell-being.Ashumans，weareeagerforsocialconnection.Scrolling(滚动)throughpagesofpicturesandcomments,however,doesnotprovidethesamedegreeoffulfillmentasfacetofaceinteractionsdo.Also,wetendtoidealizeothers'livesandcompareourdownfallstotheirgreatestaccomplishments,endinginfeelingsoflonelinessandinadequacy.Socialmediacanleadpeopleontheunhealthyquestforperfection.Somepeoplebegintoattendcertaineventsortraveltodifferentplacessothattheycansnapthat“perfect”photo.Theybegintoseekvalidationthroughthenumberofpeoplewho“like”theirposts.Inorderforittoplayapsychologicallyhealthyroleinyoursociallife,socialmediashouldsupplementanalreadyhealthysocialnetwork.Picturesandpostsshouldbebyproductsoflife'streasuredmomentsandfuntimes,nottheplannedandcalculatedimagethatoneisputtingoutintocyberspaceinanattempttofillinsecuritiesorunmetneeds.Ultimately,socialmediahasincreasedourabilitytoconnectwithvarioustypesofpeopleallovertheglobe.Ithasopeneddoorsforbusinessandallowedustostayconnectedtopeoplewhomwemaynototherwisegettofollow.However,socialmediashouldfeellikeafunexperience,notonethatcontributestonegativethoughtsandfeelings.Ifthelatteristhecase,increasingfacetofacetimewithtrustedfriends,andminimizingtimescrollingonline,willprovetobeareminderthatyoursocialnetworkismuchmorerewardingthanany“like”,“follow”or“share”canbe.34．Whatdoestheauthorimplysocialmediamaydotoourlife?A．Itmayfacilitateourinterpersonalrelationships.B．Itmayfilterournegativeimpressionsofothers.C．Itmaymakeusfeelisolatedandincompetent.D．Itmayrenderusvulnerableandinauthentic.35．Whydopeoplepostcommentsselectivelyonsocialmedia?A．Theydonotfindalltheironlinefriendstrustworthy.B．Theydonotwanttolosetheirfollowers.C．Theywanttoavoidoffendinganyoftheiraudience.D．Theyareeagertoboosttheirpopularity.36．Whatarehumansinclinedtodoaccordingtothepassage?A．Exaggeratetheirlife'saccomplishments.B．Striveforperfectionregardlessofthecost.C．Paintarosypictureofotherpeople'slives.D．Learnlessonsfromotherpeople'sdownfalls.37．Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodowhentheyfindtheironlineexperienceunconstructive?A．Usesocialmediatoincreasetheirabilitytoconnectwithvarioustypesofpeople.B．Stayconnectedtothosewhomtheymaynototherwisegettoknowandbefriend.C．Trytopreventnegativethoughtsandfeelingsfromgettingintotheonlinepages.D．Strengthentieswithreal-lifefriendsinsteadofcaringabouttheironlineimage.Speed-readingisanecessaryskillintheInternetage.Weskimoverarticles,e-mailsandWeChattotrytograspkeywordsandtheessentialmeaningofacertaintext.Surroundedwithinformationfromourelectronicdevices,itwouldbeimpossibletocopeifwereadwordbyword,linebyline.Butanewtrendencouragespeopletoenjoyreadingslowly,listingbenefitsbeyondtheintelligentstimulation.ArecentstoryfromTheWallStreetJournalreportedonabookclubinWellington,NewZealand,wheremembersmeetinacafeandturnofftheirsmartphones.Theysinkintocozychairsandreadinsilenceforanhour.Unliketraditionalbookclubs,thepointoftheslowreadingclubisn’texchangingideasaboutacertainbook,buttogetawayfromelectronicdevicesandreadinaquiet,relaxedenvironment.AccordingtotheJournal,theWellingtonbookclubisjustoneexampleofamovementstartedbybookloverswhomisstheold-fashionedwayofreadingbeforetheInternetandsmartphones.Slowreaders,suchasTheAtlantic’sMauraKelly,sayaregularreadinghabitsharpensthemind,improvesconcentration,reducesstresslevelsanddeepenstheabilitytosympathize.Anotherstudypublishedlastyearinscienceshowedthatreadingnovelsslowlyhelpspeopleunderstandother’smentalstatesandbeliefs,afundamentalskillinbuildingrelationships.Yettechnologyhasmadeuslessattentivereaders.Screenshavechangedourreadingpatternsfromthestraightandinformationleft-to-rightsequencetoawildskimmingandskippingpatternaswehuntforimportantwordsandinformation.Readingtextpunctuatedwithlinksleadstoweakercomprehensionthanreadingplaintext.TheInternetmayhavemadeusstupider,saysPatrickKingseyfromTheGuardian.BecauseoftheInternet,hesays,wehavebecomeverygoodatcollectingawiderangeofinterestingnews,butwearealsograduallyforgettinghowtositback,reflect,andrelateallthesefactstoeachother.Slowreadingmeansareturntoanuninterrupted,straightpattern,inaquietenvironmentfreeofdistractions.Aimfor30minutesaday,advisesKellyfromTheAtlantic.“Youcansqueezeinthathalfhourprettyeasilyifonlyduringyourfreemoments,youpickupameaningfulworkofliterature,”Kellysaid.“Reachforyoure-reader,ifyoulike.KindlesmakebookslikeWarandPeacelessheavy,notlesssubstantive,andalsoensureyou’llneverloseyourplace.”38．ThebookclubinWellingtonmentionedinParagraph2shows________.A．theincreasingnumberofclubreaders B．thedeclineofelectronicdevicesC．theimportanceofexchangingideas D．thenewtrendofslowreading39．AccordingtoPatrickKingsley,peoplearestupiderpartlybecauseof________.A．thelackofreflection B．thestraight,left-to-rightscreenC．awiderangeofinterestingnews D．anon-stopreadingpattern40．Accordingtothepassage,slowreading________.A．promotesthecurrenttechnologyadvancesB．contributestounderstandingamongpeopleC．providespeoplewithaquietenvironmentD．curesthememorylossofelderlypeople41．What’sthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Tocallonustoreadslowly.B．ToemphasizethebenefitofReadingClubs.C．TotellusweareenteringtheInternetAge.D．TohighlighttheinfluenceofSpeedReading.FindyournewfavoriteWestEndmusicals,fromheartwarmingadaptationsandaward-winningscorestoextremelyfunnymusicalsandmust-seeLondonshows.TheLionKingEnjoysongssuchasCircleOfLife.Theaward-winningadaptationofDisney’sTheLionKingfeaturesmusicbyEltonJohn,plusoutstandingcostumesandwonderfulspecialeffects.TheLionKingdelightsallageswithrhythmsofAfricaandtouchingstoriesofloveandlife.Pricesfrom£43.05

Call077-533-0589forBooking!ThePhantomoftheOperaAndrewLloydWebber’sfamousmusical,ThePhantomoftheOpera,tellsthetaleofashadowycharacterwhoattemptstomakeChristinatheleadingladyoftheParisOpera.Withafantasticplotandbreathtakingscene,thislong-runningshowisoneofthemust-seemusicalsinLondon.Pricesfrom£30.75

Call077-916-4545forBooking!Thriller–LiveSeeThriller–Live,amusicalinmemoryofMichaelJacksonandtheJackson5.TheshowjoinedLondon’sWestEndafterthreeUKtoursandpopularityacrossEurope.CelebratethecareeroftheKingofPopduringnon-stophitsatthistopLondontheatreshow.Pricesfrom£32.72

Call077-816-3148forBooking!SchoolofRockRockoutatthisaward-winningnewmusical.Basedonthe2003movie,SchoolofRockfollowsthestoryofDeweyFinnandhisdiscoverytotransformaclassofA-gradestudentsintoarealrockgroup.ButwilltheymakeittotheBattleoftheBands?BookinguntilFeb.Pricesfrom£18.00

Call077-317-8315forBooking!MatildaTheMusicalBewowedbytheRoyalShakespeareCompany’smulti-award-winningproductionofMatildaTheMusical.RoaldDahl’scelebratedstoryburstsintolifeinthisWestEndmusicalbyDennisKellyandTimMinchin.Childrenandadultsalikewillbedelightedbythelittlegirlwithanextraordinaryimagination.Pricesfrom£24.00

Call077-517-8367forBooking!42．ThePhantomoftheOperaisspecialbecauseofits_____.A．excellentcostumes B．experiencedactorsC．attractivestory D．beautifulsongs43．Whichofthefollowingmusicalswouldmostprobablycatchtheeyeofbothkidsandadults?A．ThePhantomoftheOpera. B．MatildaTheMusical.C．SchoolofRock. D．Thriller–Live.44．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toanalyzemusicals. B．Tocriticizemusicals.C．Toadvertisemusicals. D．Toevaluatemusicals.五、七选五HowSociologistsDefineCultureCultureisoneofthemostimportantconceptswithinsociologybecausesociologistsrecognizethatitplaysacrucialroleinoursociallives.Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.45Inbrief,sociologistsdefinethenon–materialaspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.Expandingonthesecategories,cultureismadeupofourknowledge,commonsense,assumptionsandexpectations.Itisalsotherules,norms,lawsandmoralsthatgovernsociety;thewordsweuseaswellashowwespeakandwritethem;andthesymbolsweusetoexpressmeaning,ideasandconcepts.46Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience”;andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.Cultureincludesthecollectivepracticesweparticipateinaswell,suchasreligiousceremonies,thecelebrationofsecularholidaysandattendingsportingevents.47Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.Aspectsofmaterialculturearemorecommonlyreferredtoasculturalproducts.Sociologistsseethetwosidesofculture—thematerialandnon–material—ascloselyconnected.Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.48Butitisnotaone–wayrelationshipbetweenmaterialandnon–materialculture.Materialculturecanalsoinfluencethenon-materialaspectsofculture.Forexample,apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople’sattitudesandbeliefs.49Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,forexample,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts.A．Thisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns.B．Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings.C．Withoutculture,wewouldnothaverelationshipsorsociety.D．Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform.E．Materialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeanduse.F．Cultureisdistinctfromsocialstructureandeconomicaspectsofsociety.G．Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake.六、阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Formanypeople,oneofthebestexamplesofcreativegeniuswasAlbertEinstein,thephysicistwhocameupwiththeTheoryofRelativity(相对论).However,whattheydon’tknowisthatEinsteinhadspecifictechniquesheusedtodevelophisabilitytothinkcreativelyandfreely.ThemainapproachEinsteintookwas“possibilitythinking”.Itmeansgettingawayfromourfamiliarthoughtsandtryingtoimaginemanyotherpossiblethings,nomatterhowunbelievabletheymightseem.Einsteinhadaspecialtechniquetodothis,andhecalledit“thethoughtexperiment”,whichissimplyanexperimentyoudoinsideyourownhead.ThemostfamousthoughtexperimentistheoneEinsteinusedtogethimselfonthepathtowardstheTheoryofRelativity.Einsteinwasinterestedinlightandthespeedoflightanditsrelationshiptotime,andheoftenimaginedhimselfridingonalineofsunlight.Hesaidusinghisimaginationlikethisallowedhimtounderstandsomeoftherelationshipsbetweenlightandtime.Basically,howweexperiencetimedependsonwhereweareandwhatwearedoing.Einsteinexplaineditasfollows:“Whenyou’retalkingtoaprettygirl,anhourseemslikeaminute.Ifyousitonahotfire,aminuteseemslikeanhour.That’srelativity.”Butinordertomakepossibilitythinkingeffective,wehavetogiveourselvesopportunitiestopracticeit.Manypeoplesaytheir“thinkingtime”iswhenthey’retakingabath,orwhenthey’reonthebustoworkorschool.ButEinsteinbelievedit’simportanttodevotecertaintimeeverydayto“creativethinking”:whateverproblemorideaitisthatinterestsyou,setasidesometimeeverydaytothinkingaboutit.Einsteinalsobelievedinthinkingaboutaproblemforalongtimeandnotgivingup:asheoncesaid,“Ithinkandthinkformonthsandyears.Ninety-ninetimes,theconclusionisfalse.ThehundredthtimeIamright.”50．HowdidEinsteingethimselfonthepathtowardstheTheoryofRelativity?51．Accordingtothispassage,whatdoes“therelativityoftime”mean?52．WhatdidEinsteinbelieveinasbeingimportantforthinking?53．Whatdoyouthinkof“creativethinking”?Explainwhy.(Inabout40words)七、建议信54．假设你是红星中学的学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在来信中表示他在学习过程中遇到了困难：努力学习，但是效果不明显。他向你咨询如何提高学习效率。请你给他回信，内容包括：1．表示理解；2．提出建议并说明理由。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua参考答案1．C2．B3．C4．A5．C6．C7．B8．A9．B10．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者看到Joe在数学书上画画，并没有直接把他叫到办公室，而是把自己的橡皮和画板送给Joe，并希望他以后保护好数学书，想画的时候在画板上画，因此有了融洽的师生关系。作者也觉得可能鼓励了一名未来的毕加索。1．考查动词时态辨析。句意：一个星期一的早晨，我走进教室，撞见Joe正在他的数学书上画画。A.willdraw一般将来时；B.todraw不定式；C.drawing现在分词。根据上文“caughtJoe”可知为短语catchsb.doingsth.表示“撞见某人正在做某事”。故选C。2．考查介词词义辨析。句意：那是在我给同学们做了一场关于爱护学校财产的讲座之后的一天。A.in在里面；B.on在上面；C.at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）。根据上文“Ihadgiventheclassalecture”表示就……发表演讲，应用介词on。故选B。3．考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我重复一下我昨天说过的话：这些教科书将在未来五年内使用，我希望你们好好保管它们。A.how如何；B.that那个；C.what什么。引导宾语从句，从句中said缺少宾语，故用what引导。故选C。4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我重复一下我昨天说过的话：这些教科书将在未来五年内使用，我希望你们好好保管它们。A.totake不定式；B.taking现在分词；C.took过去式。根据上文“Iexpectyou”可知为短语expectsb.todosth.表示“期望某人做某事”。故选A。5．考查动词时态辨析。句意：当我再次回到Joe的课桌前时，他正在用他那块又小又旧的橡皮擦掉那张画。A.remove一般现在时；B.isremoving现在进行时；C.wasremoving过去进行时。结合上文“WhenIreturnedtoJoe’sdeskagain”可知表示过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时。故选C。6．考查代词词义辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递给他，然后说：“给，这个可能会让工作更容易一些。A.me我；B.my我的，形容词性物主代词；C.mine我的，名词性物主代词。此处指作者的橡皮擦，且作宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine，相当于“myeraser”。故选C。7．考查形容词和副词辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递给他，然后说：“给，这个可能会让工作更容易一些。A.easiest最容易；B.easier更容易的；C.easily容易地。结合语境可知此处是形容词作宾补，且与之前的情况相比更容易，应用比较级。故选B。8．考查形容词和动词辨析。句意：Joe看起来很惊讶，说：“谢谢。”A.surprised惊讶的；B.surprise动词，惊喜；C.surprising惊人的。此处修饰人，作表语，应用-ed结尾形容词乔看起来很惊讶，说：“谢谢。”。故选A。9．考查动词时态辨析。句意：从那以后，Joe再也没有在课本上画画了。A.didn’tdraw一般过去时；B.hasn’tdrawn现在完成时；C.won’tdraw一般将来时。根据后文since可知应用现在完成时，故选B。10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：这可能会阻止他在书上做标记，但我们永远不会有今天的关系。A.so所以；B.because因为；C.but但是。上文提到会阻止他在书上做标记，与后文“有今天的关系”构成转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。11．referto12．arecuriousabout13．endedup14．takeaction15．amhonouredto16．isregardedas17．Tosumup18．workout19．cameacross20．brokedown【解析】11．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：这就是你经常提到的那个美丽的小镇吗？由“thebeautifulsmalltownthatyouoften”可知，句子表示“这就是你经常提到的那个美丽的小镇吗”，空格处意为“提到”，是referto，由often可知，句子时态用一般现在时，you是第二人称，因此空格处用动词原形，故填referto。12．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我们都知道，婴儿对周围的一切都很好奇。由“everythingaroundthem”可知，婴儿对周围的一切都很好奇，空格处意为“对……好奇”，是固定短语becuriousabout，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，babies是复数，因此空格处是arecuriousabout，故填arecuriousabout。13．考查固定短语和时态。句意：由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟度假。由“havingtoputoffourholidaybecauseofbadweather”可知，句子表示“由于天气不好，我们不得不推迟度假”，也就是我们最后不得不推迟度假，空格处意为“最后”，是endup，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填endedup。14．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：除非各国政府采取行动，否则地球的大气层将继续升温。由“theEarth’satmospherwillcontinuetoheatup”可知，句子表示“除非各国政府采取行动，否则地球的大气层将继续升温”，空格处意为“采取行动”，是固定短语takeaction，Unless引导的是条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来，主语governments是复数，因此空格处用动词原形，故填takeaction。15．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：我很荣幸邀请您参观一个以“创意点亮生活”为主题的展览。由“inviteyoutovisitanexhibition,whosethemeis“CreativityLightsUpLife””可知，句子表示“我很荣幸邀请您参观一个以“创意点亮生活”为主题的展览”，空格处意为“很荣幸”，是固定短语behonouredto，句子描述现在的事情，时态用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，因此空格处是amhonouredto。故填amhonouredto。16．考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管谷爱凌只有19岁，但她被认为是世界上最顶尖的自由式滑雪运动员之一。由“oneoftheworld’stopfreestyleskiers”可知，谷爱凌被认为是世界上最顶尖的自由式滑雪运动员之一，空格处意为“被认为”，是beregardedas，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，因此空格处是isregardedas。故填isregardedas。17．考查固定短语。句意：总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟。由“forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking”可知，句子表示“总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟”，空格处意为“总之”，是tosumup，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Tosumup。18．考查固定短语不定式。句意：我们需要算出我们需要带多少食物。由“howmuchfood”可知，句子表示“算出我们需要带多少食物”，空格处意为“算出”，是workout，needtodo是固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，因此空格处用动词原形，故填workout。19．考查固定短语和时态。句意：我在打扫房间的时候偶然发现一些旧照片。由“someoldphotos”可知，句子表示“我在打扫房间的时候偶然发现一些旧照片”，空格处意为“偶然发现”，是固定短语comeacross，由“whenIwascleaningouttheroom”可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填cameacross。20．考查固定短语和时态。句意：桑德拉开会迟到了，因为她的车坏了。由“Sandrawaslateforthemeeting”可知，她的车坏了，空格处意为“出故障”，是breakdown，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填brokedown。21．that/which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个美丽的岛屿吸引了很多人去旅游。此处为定语从句修饰先行词place，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。22．spent【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：花在智力上的钱决不会白花。分析句子可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，Money和spend是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，作定语，表被动。故填spent。23．is【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：看一件事胜过听一百遍。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是不定式“Toseeonething”，谓语动词用第三人称单数，因此空格处是is，故填is。24．toexplain【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在本章中，我将试图解释导致文化差异的原因。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语。attempttodosth.是固定短语，意为“企图做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式。故填toexplain。25．feeling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：特雷西躺在河岸上，感受着阳光照在脸上的温暖。分析可知，句中谓语是lay，空格处用非谓语动词，Tracy和feel之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词作状语。故填feeling。26．tested【详解】考查过去分词。句意：我的医生说我应该每两年检测一次眼睛。根据句子结构，此处考查havesth.done，表示“使……被”。故此teste与eyes在逻辑上是被动关系，作宾语补足语，故填tested。27．why【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰身体不适，这可能是他输掉比赛的原因。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词reason是原因，且在从句中作状语，因此用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。28．what【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：例如，他们可以通过观察说话者的嘴来理解某人在说什么。分析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，连接代词what引导从句，在从句中作宾语，指代事物。故填what。29．whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她已成为一位工作享誉国际的科学家。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词ascientist，先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。30．where【详解】考查表语从句。句意：家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方。空格处引导的是表语从句，由句意可知，“家是你能找到爱和关怀的地方”，空格处意为“……的地方”，应用连接副词where引导。故填where。31．A32．D33．B【分析】本文是篇应用文。文章介绍了一个青少年天文咖啡馆项目，此项目旨在为高中生提供在天文前线工作的科学家交流的机会。文章还提供了这个项目的具体内容、目的、时间、报名方式等信息。31．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Thestudentswillusetheactualcomputerprogramsanddatathatthescientistsuse!(学生们将使用科学家们使用的实际计算机程序和数据)”可知，参与该项目的学生将使用真实的科学数据。故选A。32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Theprogramaimstoimprovestudentachievement,andfuel(激发)theirdesiretogotocollegeandpursueacareerinscience,technology,engineering,ormathematics(STEM)inthefuture.(该项目旨在提高学生的成绩，激发他们上大学的愿望，并在未来追求科学、技术、工程或数学(STEM)领域的职业生涯)”可知，该项目的主要目的是鼓励进一步研究STEM。故选D。33．细节理解题。文章的最后“DatesfortheTeenAstronomyCafésnextcomingacademicyear(学年)are:”给出了下个学年这个项目的日期，根据所提供的日期，只有选项B在范围之内。故选B。34．C35．A36．C37．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述社交媒体扩大了我们的人际关系范围，但会引发孤独感和不自信。我们应该加强与现实生活中朋友的联系。34．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whydoessocialmediatriggerfeelingsoflonelinessandinadequacy?Becauseinsteadofbeingreallife,itis,forthemostpart,impressionmanagement,awayofmarketingyourself,carefullychoosingandfilteringthepictureandwordstoputyourbestfaceforward.（为什么社交媒体会引发孤独感和不自信?因为在大多数情况下，它不是真实的生活，而是印象管理，一种自我营销的方式，仔细地选择和过滤图片和文字，把你最好的一面展现出来。）”由此可推断作者暗示社交媒体让我们感到孤立和无能，故选C。35．推理判断题。根据第二段“Generallyspeaking,therearenounfilteredcommentsandcasuallytakenphotosonoursocialmediapages.And,rightfullyso,becauseitwouldn'tfeelsafetobecompletelyauthenticandvulnerablewithsomeofour“friends”whomwedon'tactuallyknoworwithwhomtrusthasyettobebuilt.（一般来说，我们的社交媒体页面上没有未经过滤的评论和随意拍摄的照片。而且，这是有道理的，因为在一些我们不认识的“朋友”面前表现得完全真实和脆弱会让人感到不安全，或者我们还没有建立起信任。）”由此可知，人们在社交媒体上有选择性地发表评论，原因是他们对不了解和不信任的网友设防，故选A。36．细节理解题。根据第四段“Also,wetendtoidealizeothers'livesandcompareourdownfallstotheirgreatestaccomplishments,endinginfeelingsoflonelinessandinadequacy.（同时，我们也倾向于将他人的生活理想化，并将自己的失败与他人的伟大成就相比较，最终会感到孤独和不足。）”由此可知，人们往往认为他人的生活很美好，故选C。