名词性从句讲解

名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses).名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语，形容词宾语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题，连接词的选用，时态呼应等。♦名词性从句的共同点：1)主句和从句之间不能用逗号隔开2)从句部分用陈述句语序♦引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分连接代词：what,whateverCanythingthat),who,whom,whoever(anyonewho),whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where,how,why一.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether,连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。Thatsheisstillaliveisamiracle.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethertheywillcomeornot.Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whicheverbookyoulikewouldbeboughtforyouasapresent.WhateverIdoisforthegoodofyou.Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whenweshouldclosetheshopontheholidayhasnotbeendecided.Wherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.Whyhedidsohasnotbeenclear.★有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语一般用单数形式。常用句型：Itis+名词+从句.Itisafact/ashame/anhonor/nowonder/nosurprisethat…ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.Itis+形容词+从句Itisnatural/strange/clear/likely/(im)possible/obvious/true/good/fortunate/certain/surprisingthat…Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?Itis+不及物动词+从句Itseems/happened/appears/turnsout/struckme/occurredtomethat・・.ItstruckmethatIstillhavetofinishanothertask.Itis+过去分词+从句Itisreported/announced/expected/arranged/suggested/demanded/hoped/knownthat…ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek.★在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,possible,etc.)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,ordered,demanded,recommended,etc.)that…Itisnecessarythatthemanagershouldsignallthecopies,notjustthetopone.Itisapitythatourteamshouldlosethegame.Itisdesiredthatweshouldarrivetherebeforedark.宾语从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，无意义・。在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。Hehastoldme（that）hewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.Thelettersays（that）theyareleavingonSunday.★注意下列情况一般不省that：Theteachersaid（that）theboywasnotbrightandthathewasnotworthteaching.（当从句部分含有两个或两个以上的宾语时，第一个从句中的that可以省略。第二个从句中及之后的that不能省略。）Theysaidyesterdaythattheyhadseenthefilm.（主句的谓语动词之后有状语时，that不宜省略。）Iguess,Mr.Smith,thatyouarealittleover50.（宾语从句被插入语和主句谓语动词隔开时，that不宜省略。）Shehasmadeitclearthatshehasnothingtodowithhim.（宾语从句用it作形式宾语时，that不宜省略。）Irememberthatbeforeliberationmyfamilywereoftenhungry.（从句部分状语或状语从句前置时，that不宜省略。）★在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.★注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态.如主句是过去式，从句一般要使用与过去相关的时态。Ithoughtyouwerehavingabreaknow.Theteachertoldthechildrenthattheearthisround.（从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态）think,believe,imagine,guess,expect,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。Wedidnotthinkyouwerehere.我们原来认为你不在这。Idon’tbelievehewilldoso. 我相信他不会这样做。it可以作为形式宾语1.it可以作为形式宾语,而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublicthattheydoanimportjob.whether或if引导的宾语从句，意思为“是否”，保持陈述句语序。Iaskedhimif/whetherTomhadarrived.Iwanttoknowwhether/ifthethiefwascaughtonthespot.who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序，应弄懂连接词的含义和作用.（既疑问词的意义和它在句子中所做的句子成分）Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.Hewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.HeaskedhowlongIwasgoingtostayinthehotel.Themapdoesn’tshowuswhereEgyptis.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandseewhoitis.Nobodyknowswhyhementionedthatinthemeeting.Istillrememberwhenthisusedtobeasmallvillage.Itisconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.Thecomputercanonlydowhatyouhaveinstructedittodo.Ireaditinsomebookorother,doesitmatterwhichitwas?Marywroteanarticleonwhytheteamhadfailedtowinthegame.Thatdependsonhowmuchyouwanttospend.Eatwhichevercakeyoulikeandleavetheothersforwhoevercomesinlate.三・表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样.可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationsinsuchashorttime.（不用if弓I导）Thisiswhywecan，tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.Thatiswhyhedidn，tcometothemeeting.Thetownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat，swhatittakestodoanythingwell.★有时表语从句用asif,asthough,as,because引导。Itlooksasif/asthoughitisgoingtorain.Histeacherwasangry.That/Itwasbecausehewasverylate.Thingsarenotalways竺theyseemtobe.四.同位语从句同位语从句是对其前面的名词进一步解释说明。是名词的具体内容.可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information>message、news、order、problem>promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。1.同位语从句一般由that引导Theking，sdecisiont^tthepiisonerwouldbesetfreesu^^sedallthepeop^.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.★that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）★同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.2.由其他词引导的同位语从句（if不引导同位语从句）.Theyhavenoideaatallwhetherhehascome.Ihavenoideahowfartheairportisfromhere.♦对名词性从句的一些补充：who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever.解析：答案是B,whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达的是"无论孩子要什么就给他施什么事不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用nomatterwhat,因为后者只能引导状语从句。Ican’trememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.（这里的who表特定的某人）"介词+who（m）引导的宾语从句”与"介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别:介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。Itwasamatterofwouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who名词性从句中有插入成分时・此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。youhaveseenbothfighters, willwin?A.Since;doyouthinkwho B.As;whoyouthinkC.When;whoever D.Since;whodoyouthink解析：根据上面的讲解，不难知道答案是D。其中doyouthink是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who（不用宾格whom）。引导词that的省略引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。China’ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshowsourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.A.whatB.whichC.不填D.itthat解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。同位语从句引导词where,when的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词where,when与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。Thenarosethequestionweweretogetsomuchmoney.ThisthehousethegreatmanMaoZedongwasborn110yearsago.A.where B.that C.aboutwhich D.inwhich解析：答案分别是1.A 2.A/D1题中的question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以where不能改用"介词+which”的形式。.2题中的house与where同表地点，先行词与where,when概念一致时，是定语从句，且这个关