Do在英语中的用法课件

DoDo1Doisanirregularverb.Itsthreeformsaredo,did,done.Thepresentsimplethirdpersonsingularisdoes:

Willyoudoajobforme?Ididsomeshoppingthismorning.Haveyoudoneyouressayyet?Heusuallydoeshishomeworkinfrontofthetelevision.Do:formsDoisanirregularverb.Itst2PerformortakepartinanactionWeusedototalkaboutactionsingeneral,whenwedonotspecifyexactlywhattheactionis:

Whathaveyoubeendoingtoday,anythinginteresting?Thereisnothingwecandoexceptwaitandseewhathappens.CanIdoanythingtohelp?DoasamainverbPerformortakepartinanact3Achieve,completeordealwithsomethingWeusedoasamainverbtotalkaboutachievingorcompletingthings:A:I’vedonethewashingup.B:Oh,thankyou.Wedid80milesonthefirstdayofourcyclingholiday.Shedoesthecrosswordinthenewspapereveryday.DoasamainverbAchieve,completeordealwith4WorkandothertasksWeusedowithnounssuchashomework,job,task,work:

Shehasalotofhomeworktodotonight.I’mgoingtodosomeworkinthegardenthisweekend.Ifyouwanttoknowwhatsomeone’sjoborprofessionis,youcanusethemainverbdoinaquestion:A:WhatdoesJackie’sbrotherdo?B:He’sanelectrician.Not:WhatdoesJackie’sbrother?DoasamainverbWorkandothertasksDoasama5StudyasubjectWeusedototalkaboutstudyingsubjects:A:Whatdidyoudoatuniversity?B:Idideconomics.

AllchildrenhavetodoEnglishinprimaryschool.DoasamainverbStudyasubjectDoasamainve6ProduceorcreateSpokenEnglish:

Weoftenusedowithnounssuchascopy,design,drawing,painting,especiallyininformalspeech:

Ilikethatphotoofyouandme.Canyoudomeacopy?

Whodidthedesignforthewebsite?

Shedidalovelypaintingofthelakewherewestayedlastsummer.DoasamainverbProduceorcreateDoasamain7CleanormaketidyWeusedoasamainverbtotalkaboutcleaningthingsormakingthemtidy:

ThecleanerwasdoingmyroomwhenIcameback.

I’lljustdo

myhairandthenI’llbeready.DoasamainverbCleanormaketidyDoasamain8BeenoughoracceptableWeusedoasamainverbwithwillorwon’ttotalkaboutthingsbeingenoughoracceptable:A:Whatsizebagdoyouneed?B:Asmallonewilldo.(asmalloneisenough/acceptable)DoasamainverbBeenoughoracceptableDoasa9DoisoneofthreeauxiliaryverbsinEnglish:be,do,have.Weusedotomakenegatives(do+not),tomakequestionforms,andtomaketheverbmoreemphatic.DoasanauxiliaryverbmeaningexamplenegativeIdidn’tseeyouattheconcerttheothernight.questionformDotheyopenatnineo’clockonweekdays?emphaticHedoeslooksmartinhisnewsuit!Doisoneofthreeauxiliaryv10Question(?)formTomakethequestionformofmostmainverbs,weusedo,does(presentsimple)anddid(pastsimple)followedbythesubjectandthemainverb:

Doyouplayfootball?Doesn’thephoneyounowandthen?Didyourmothercomefromthesameplaceasyourfather?DoasanauxiliaryverbQuestion(?)formDoasanauxi11Negative(−)formThenegativeofthepresentsimpleandpastsimpleofallmainverbs(exceptforbeandsomeusesofhaveasmainverbs)ismadewithauxiliarydo+not,whichisshortenedtodon’t(donot),doesn’t(doesnot)anddidn’t(didnot).Weusetheshortformsineverydayinformallanguage,andthefullformsinmoreformalsituations:

Idon’twanttowaitforabus.Let’sgetataxi.Jackdoesn’tliveinthetowncentre.He’soutinthesuburbs.

Didn’tyougetmyemail?Isentitataboutfouro’clock.ThePrimeMinisterdoesnottakepersonalphonecallsfrommembersofthepublic.(moreformal)

Didtheparentsnotrealisethatsomethingserioushadhappenedtotheirchild?(moreformal)DoasanauxiliaryverbNegative(−)formDoasanauxi12EmphaticformsWeusedo,does(presentsimple)ordid(pastsimple)togiveextraforcetothemainverb.Weusetheinfinitiveofthemainverbwithoutto,andstressdo/does/didwhenspeaking.Compare:DoasanauxiliaryverbneutralemphaticIlikeyournewjacket.Idolikeyournewjacket!Shelookssotired.Shedoeslooksotired!Ididn’trecogniseyourdad,butIrecognisedyourmumIdidn’trecogniseyourdad,butIdidrecoginseyourmumEmphaticformsDoasanauxilia13Wealsouseemphaticdowithimperatives.

Docomeandhavedinnerwithussometime.

Dostoptalking,Harry!You’reboringeverybody!DoasanauxiliaryverbWealsouseemphaticdowithi14QuestiontagsWeuseauxiliarydotoformquestiontagsforclauseswhichdonothaveamodalverb,averbintheperfectwithhaveorclauseswithbe.Thetagusesthesamepersonandtenseasthesubjectofthemainverb.Thetagmaybeaffirmativeornegative,dependingonthetypeoftag:

YouworkwithPeter,don’tyou?(affirmativemainverb,negativetag)

Sheplaysthepiano,doesn’tshe?

Littlechildrendon’tusuallylikespicyfood,dothey?(negativemainverb,affirmativetag)

Theydidn’tstayverylong,didthey?

YoulivenearHarkness,doyou?(affirmativeverb,affirmativetag)

Theyarrivedlate,didthey?DoasanauxiliaryverbQuestiontagsDoasanauxiliar15Wedon’tuseauxiliarydotomakequestionsornegativesforclauseswithmodalverbs:

Willyoubehereintimeforlunch?Not:Doyouwillbehere…

Ican’tswimverywell.Not:Idon’tcanswim…Weuseauxiliarydo,notauxiliarybe,forquestionswithmainverbsinthepresentsimple:

Doyouliveinanapartment?Not:Areyoulivein…Weusedoes,notdo,forthethirdpersoninthepresenttense:

Doesyoursisterhavebrowneyestoo?Not:Doyoursisterhave…Doasanauxiliaryverb:typicalerrorsWedon’tuseauxiliarydotom16Weoftenusedoinsteadofrepeatingallthewordsinaclause.Dosubstitutesforthewordswedon’trepeat:A:Wewenttotheconcertintheparkthisyear.B:Yes,wedidtoo.(Yes,wewenttotheconcertintheparktoo.)Wedon’tusedoaloneifthesubstituteverbisintheto-infinitiveform.Inthosecases,weomittheverbbutkeepto,orweusedoso,doitordothat:

It’snotoftenIwriteletterstonewspapers,butthatdayIdesperatelyfelttheneedto.or…theneedtodoso/it/that.(Idesperatelyfelttheneedtowriteletterstonewspapers.)Not:…theneedtodo.DoasasubstituteverbWeoftenusedoinsteadofrep17Doso,doit,dothatWesometimesaddso,itorthatafterthesubstitutedo.Doso,doitanddothataresometimesuseddifferently,buttheyareofteninterchangeable:HesaidhewasgoingtomovetoNewZealandand,toeveryone’ssurprise,hedidso/didit/didthat.DoasasubstituteverbDoso,doit,dothatDoasas18DosoWeusedosomostlytorefertoactionswherethesubjectandverbarethesameastheoneswehavementioned.Dosoisgenerallymoreformalthandoitanddothat:

Iwantedthemtoleave,andpolitelyaskedthemtodoso,buttheywouldn’tgo,soIcalledthepolice.(IwantedthemtoleaveandIpolitelyaskedthemtoleave.)Warning:

Dosoismoreformalthandoonitsown:

A:DoyoumindifIopenthepresentnow?

B:Yes,pleasedoso.(Dososubstitutesforopenthepresentnow)Weoftenusedosowhenwemakeageneralreferencetoaseriesofactionsorevents:Thebirdsmaketheirnestsonthenorthsideoftheislandinlittleholesintherocks.Thereasonwhytheydosoisbecausethesouthsideoftheislandisexposedtoextremewinds.DoasasubstituteverbDosoDoasasubstituteverb19DoitWeusedoitwhenwerefertoanactionoraneventinvolvingaverbandanobject,especiallywhenthesubjectisdifferentfromtheonealreadymentioned:A:Heaccidentallydeletedsomeemailsonhiscomputer.B:Idoitallthetime.(Ideletefilesallthetime.)DoasasubstituteverbDoitDoasasubstituteverb20DothatDothatismoreemphaticandweuseitfordeliberateactions:A:Wouldyouevergiveacompletestrangeryourphonenumber?B:No.Iwouldneverdothat.(Iwouldnevergiveacompletestrangermyphonenumber.)Weoftenusedothatinsituat