2023届全国新高考英语冲刺突破复习：非谓语动词

2023届全国新需考美语冲剌突破复习

非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词的使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句(谓语动词)，又没有连词和从句的情况下,还

有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。

Ex.l:找出下列句子中的非谓语动词(含短语)。

1.Thebosswantedtoseemeatonce.

2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.

3.1heardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.

4.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.

5.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。)

6.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,wefindtheparkisbeautiful.

7.Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.

8.Foundedin1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUS.

9.Weseefallenleavesontheground.

10.Dressedinred,shelooksmorebeautiful.

11.Weplantmanytreestomakeourcitygreen.

案:1.tosee2.tobeheld3.singing4.talking5.tolive,tostruggle6.seeing

7.reading8.founded9.fallen10.dressed11.tomake.

第一讲：动名词和不定式作主语

Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.

若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。

(1)v-ing作主语：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常位于句首,

并视为单数形式。

Eg:Sendinge-mailisincreasinglypopular.

Collectin。stampsisagoodhobby.

句型：Itis+fun/agreatpleasure/awasteoftime/nouse(good,point,sense,harm)等名

词+(in)doingsomething

(2)不定式作主语

Toplaybasketballisfunny.

不定式作主语，为了使句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的

后面。

Eg:Ifssonicetohearyourvoice.

Itsnecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.

★Its+adj.forsb.todosth.和Ifs+adj.ofsb.todosth.

这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或

of的区别。

Dforsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,

hard,difficult,interesting,impossible,important,convenient等。

Eg:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.

2)ofsb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度的形容词，

如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,righto

Eg:It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

Exl:课堂检测(请用所给词的适当形式填空。)

1)Itisawasteoftime(play)computergames.

2)(talk)iseasierthandoing.

3)It'snouse(wait)here.

4)Itisnogood(write)tohim;heneveranswersletters.

5)Itisnice(play)chessaftersupper.

6)Itisuseless(telephone)him.Heisnotwillingtocome.

7)Ifsworth(make)aneffort.努一下是值得的。

8)It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(read)asmuchaspossibleisnecessary.

答案：1.playing2.Talking3.waiting4.writing5.playing6.telephoning7.making

8.Reading

备注：动名词在uItisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构

中作主语。

Ex2:真题感悟(Homework)

一、语法填空

［例1］Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult___31___

wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.

［简析］it。it作形式主语，替代真正的不定式主语"tochooseasuitableChristmaspresentfor

herfather”。

H列2］Ittookyearsofwork_65_(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.

［简析］toreduce。动词不定式作主语。

［例3］Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_63—(be)oftenacceptable.

［简析］iso动名词短语leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow作主语时,视为单

数。

［例4］ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesonce

theyrealizehowcheap_58—canbetoeatout.

［简析］it。宾语从句中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。

［例5］Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghow

longitwouldtake_62_(get)there.

［简析］togetoIttakes+时间+t。dosth.意为“做某事花费多少时间”，动词不定式在句中

作主语。

［修！16］Asisknown,it'snogood_62—(cry)overspiltmilk.

［简析］crying。

［例7］Ittakesthemhundredsofyears_5—(break)down.(2020北京卷)

［简析］考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型Ittakessb./sth.+

一段时间+todosth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(t。do)作真正主语，

It形式主语。故填tobreako

［彳列8］Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorfor

secondandthirdgraders_36—(begin)computerclasses.(2020新高考海南卷)

［简析］句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计

算机课，这些都很常见。本题考查“Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.”结构，该结构it作形

式主语，真正的主语为不定式。故填tobegin。

［例9］Itispossible_63_(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.(2021全国甲卷)

［简析］towalk。因itispossibletodosth为固定搭配,意为“做某事是可能的

［例10］Thisiswhere_23—(play)theflutecomesin,ifyoucanmakeplayingtheflute

cool,youdeserveallthefameandfortuneintheworld!(2021年1月上海春季-23)

［简析］playing考查动名词。句意“这就是长笛的来龙去脉，如果你能让长笛变酷，你就

应该名利双收！、在where引导的表语从句中，应用动名词作主语表示一般的动作。

二、短文改错

［例l］Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowuptallandstrongbutalsogivesusasenseoffair

playandteamspirit.

［简析］PlayfPlaying。

［例2］Iwasoftenalittletiredafteraday'sworkandwatchTVdemandsverylittleeffort.

［简析］watchfwatching。

［例3］Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsportsandcollegeis

theonlyplaceforasmartboyliketheirson.Somyfriendhadnochoice.

［简析］gofgoing。

口列4］Haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,whichmight

notbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.

［简析］Have—Having。本句缺少主语，故用动名词短语作主语。

［例5］Itisdifficulttounderstandingwhyshebarkseveryminuteshe'soutside.

［简析］understanding--understando

第二讲：非谓语动词作宾语：动名词和不定式作宾语

Eg:Icouldn'thelpcryingwhenIheardthebadnews.

Doyoumindgivingupthejob?

句型：S+V+（verb）+其他.

1）用v-ing作宾语的动词记忆口诀（请写出对应的单词或词组）

避免错过少延期

建议完成多练习___________

喜欢想象禁不住__________

承认否认还考虑

逃避冒险不介意

期待成功更值得

答案：avoidmissdelay/putoff

advise/suggestfinishpractise

enjoyimaginecan'thelp

admitdenyconsider

escaperiskmind

Lookforwardtosucceedinbeworth

★在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用v-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也

可用不定式的被动式。

Eg:Thiscarneedsrepairing.Or:Thiscarneedstoberepaired.

2）用todo作宾语的动词记忆口诀1

决定学会想希望_____________________________________________________________

拒绝假装设法做

主动计划守承诺

答应请求帮一帮

答案：decide/determinelearnwanthope/wish

refusepretendmanage

offerplanpromise

agreeaskhelp

用todo作宾语的动词记忆口诀2

三个希望两答应(hope,wish,want,agree,promise)

两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse)

设法学会做决定(manage,leam,decide)

不要假装在选择(pretend,choose)

3)接动名词作宾语的动词短语

①作介词to的宾语：applyto,beaddictedto,besentencedto,beusedto/become

accustomedto,cometo,devote…to,getcloseto,getdownto,haveaccessto,

inadditionto,leadto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,prefer…

to…，seeto,stickto等。

②ban/keep/prevent/protect/save/stop…fromdoing,forgive/thanksomebody

fordoing,haveagood/bad/hardtime+(in)doing,have

difficulty/trouble/problems/fun/pleasure+(in)doing,ki11/spend/waste

time+(in)doing等。

(3)beengaged(in)doing/bebusy(in)doing/beoccupiedindoing,beinterested

in,beworthdoing/beworthyofbeingdone,burstout,can'tstand,feellike,

giveup,how/whatabout,insiston,keepon,putoff,setabout,succeedin

等。

4)有些动词后可接动词不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义有区别

①forgettodo…忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forgetdoing…忘记做过某事(此事已做)

②stoptodo…停下来去做另一件事

stopdoing…停止正在做的事

③remembertodo…记住去做某事(此事未做)

rememberdoing…记得做过某事(此事已做)

④regrettodo…对要做的事遗憾(此事未做)

regretdoing…对做过的事遗憾、后悔(此事未做)

⑤trytodo…努力、试图做某事

trydoing…试着做某事

⑥meantodo…打算做某事

meandoing…意味着、意思是做某事

⑦goontodo…继而去做另外一件事情

goondoing…继续做同一件事

⑧proposetodo…打算(要做某事)

proposingdoing…建议(做某事)

⑨beusedtodo…被用来做某事

beusedtodoing…习惯于做某事

⑩can，thelp(to)do…不能帮助做某事

can'thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事

Ex.l:随堂练习(用动词的适当形式填空)

1.Theyallenjoyed(learn)toskate.

2.Jackhasjustgivenup(smoke).

3.Shedidn'tmind(work)overtime.

4.Youneedtopractise(speak)Englishtomakeprogress.

5.Don'ttrytoavoid(make)mistakesinlearningEnglish.

6.Tomfeelslike(go)fishing,buthedoesn'tlike(go)fishingthisafternoon.

7.Theboyhasadmitted(break)thewindow.

8.HowcanItrustyouifyoukeep(laugh)atme?

9.Theclassroomwants/requires(clean).

10.Ittooktheworkmanonlytwohourstofinish(repair)mycar.

答案:1.learning2.smoking3.working4.speaking5.making6.going,togo7.Breaking

8.laughing9.cleaning,tobecleaned10.repairing

11.Heconsidered(buy)acar.

12.Sheispractising(play)thepianointhenextroom.

13.Thebabycan'thelp(laugh)whenheseesamonkey.

ImsobusythatIcan*thelptocleantheroom.我太忙不能帮助打扫房间。

14.Theyagree(give)ittomethenextday.他们同意第二天将它给我。

15.Theyhope(find)newresourcesformankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。

16.1demand(see)yourdirector.

17.1happened(know)theanswertoyourquestions.

18.Tomydisappointment,myfatherdoesn*tagree(buy)meanewbike.

19.1want(tell)youastory.我想给你讲个故事。

20.Theybegin(work)ateighteverymorning.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。

答案：11.buying12playing13laughing14togive15tofind16tosee17toknow

18tobuy19totell20towork

21.Don'tforget(lock)thedoor.别忘了锁门。

22.Wouldyoulike(go)andhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?

23.1mean(go)thereatonce.

24.1finditinteresting(work)withhim.

25.Mybikeneeds(repair).

26.Theoldmanrequires(look)after.

27.Remember(meet)metonight.记得今晚来接我(动作尚未发生)

28.1remember(visit)BeijingwhenIwasachild.(动作已发生)

29.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Iforgot(turn)itofflastnight.

30.Tilneverforget(see)themusicalcomedyinNewYork.

答案：21tolock22togo23togo24towork25repairing/toberepaired

26looking/tobelooked27tomeet28visiting29toturn30seeing

31.1regret(inform)youthatyouaredismissed.我很遗憾地告诉你，你被解雇了。

32.Hetried(improve)hisEnglish.他努力地提高英语水平。

33.Let'stry(do)itsomeotherway.我们换别的方法试试看。

34.1"msorry.Ican?thelp(clean)thewindows.对不起，我不能帮忙擦窗子了。

35.Hecouldn,thelp(laugh)whenheheardthenews.听到那个消息时，他情

不自禁地笑了。laughing

36.Havingwashedtheclothes,motherwenton(sweep)thefloor.洗完衣月艮后，

妈妈接着扫地。

37.Theywenton(work)inthefieldsafterdark.天黑后，他们仍继续在田里

干活。•

38.Afteralongwalk,theystopped(have)lunchatarestaurant.

39.Ifstimefbrclass.Pleasestop(talk).

40.1hadmeant(come)earlier.我本打算早点来。

41.Missingthistrainmeans(wait)foranotherhour.

答案：31toinform32toimprove33doing34toclean35laughing36tosweep37

working38tohave39talking40tocome41waiting

Ex.2:真题感悟

一、语法填空

［例1］Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused_66—(stop)until

wereachedthenextstop.

［简析］tostopo动词refuse后接不定式作宾语。

［彳列2］Apparently,Ihaddifficulty_31—(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindinga

jobtomydelight.

［简析］adapting□havedifficulty(in)doingsomething”做某事有困难”。

［例3］Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_67—(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe

120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.

［简析］加roducing。动词include后接动名词作宾语。

［例4］ThehallwasdarkwhenIcamein;theshowwasabout_61—(begin).

［简析］tobegin。beabouttodosth."刚要做某事”是固定结构。

［例5］Butunlikeschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_61—(rest).

［简析］resting。此处为spend…indoing…结构，介词in可省略,故用动名词形式。

口列6］Thisisn'tashardasitsounds,anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyou

improveyourvocabularywhile_63—(read)aninterestingpieceofliterature.

［简析］reading。逻辑主语you与动词read为主动关系，故用现在分词reading…作状语；

也可视为状语从句whileyouarereading...的省略形式。

［例7］Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63—(die)earlyby

running.

［简析］dying。介词of后接动名词形式作宾语。

H列8］Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_64—(look)directlyintohiseyes

sohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.

［简析］lookingoavoid后接动名词作宾语。

［例9］Whileregularlyeatingoutseemsto_61_(become)commonfbrmanyyoungpeople

inrecentyears,it'snotwithoutacost.

［简析］havebecomeo由inrecentyears可'知，此处用不定式的完成式表示这一现象从过

去某时一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。

［例10］Istillremember_59_(visit)afriendwho,dlivedherefbrfiveyearsandIwas

shockedwhenIlearntshehadn,tcookedonceinallthattime.

［简析］visiting。rememberdoing…意为“记得做过某事”。

［例11］Scientistshaverespondedby_67—(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚

集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsarehigherthan

theyactuallyare.

［简析］notingo介词by后接动名词形式作宾语。

［例⑵A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYear”for_61—(be)Britain?s

oldestfull-timeemployee一stillworking40hoursaweek.

［简析］beingo介词for后接动名词形式作宾语。

［例13］Minimizetheimpactof_67_(visit)theplace.(2021全国乙卷)

［简析］visiting。在介词后应用名词或动词-ing形式，因后面有宾语theplace,所以只能

用动词-ing形式。

［例14］Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim

—70—(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021全国乙卷)

［简析］tohaveo因aimtodosth为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”。

［例15］ThatapproachbroughtCobb,sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans

—65—(continue)thepractice.(2022年1月浙江卷-65)

［简析］tocontinue考查动词不定式。谓语plans后面需接动词不定式tocontinue作宾语。

二、短文改错

［彳列1］Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechanging

colorsoftheleavesonthetrees.

［简析］sawseeingo

［例2］Idreamofstandingontheplatformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboysand

girls.

［简析］givefgiving。

［例3］Whenyou'reonadietyouhavetostopeattoomuch.

［简析］eatfeating。

［例4］Istillremembergoingthereearlyandfeltanxiousaboutthenewworld.

［简析］felt->feelingo

H列5］I?dliketostayingtherefbrhalfamonth,visitingplacesofinterestandpracticingmy

Englishaswell.

［简析］stayingfstay。

［彳列6］Inshort,IwilldomybesttohelpmakingtheGamesasuccess.

［简析］makingfmake。

［例7］Myparentshaveagreedtovisitingme,andIwillhaveadifferentvacation.

［简析］visitingfvisit。

H列8］That*swhatIdidandIalsohadtotakeexamseverysixmonths.Now,I'vestoppedgoto

lessons.

［简析］gofgoing。

［彳列9］Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossibletogivewithoutexpectanythinginreturn.

［简析］expectexpectingo

［例10］Heisnotlosinganytimefromschoolbecauseheisbusystudywhathehasmissedin

classes.

［简析］studystudyingo

［例11］Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.

［简析］seefseeing。

。列12］Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.

［简析］sellsellingo介词by后接动石词形式彳乍宾语。

［彳列13］Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatching

them,myparentswouldnotletme.

［简析］watchingfwatch。动词ask后接不定式作宾语，asktodosth意为“请求做某事

H列14］IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.

［简析］managemanaging0succeedindoingsomething”成功地做了某事

第三讲：非谓语动词作表语：v・ing作表语、v・ed作表语和不定式作表语

S+be（系动词）+P（表语）（动词）。

备注：1.如果动词+ing和动词+ed后可以转化为形容词，那么主语指人表语就用v+ed;

主语指物表语就用v+ing.

Eg:Thestoryissomoving.

Eg:Shefeltconfused,andevenfrightened.

Weweresoboredthatwecouldn,thelpyawning.

不定式作表语：不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。

A.表示按计划和安排将要发生的事情。

HeistomarryRose.

B.表示主语的内容，但侧重于目的性。

Herwishwastobecomeanartist.

C.表示情态意义（应该，必须）。

Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.

Sheistoblame.

Ex.l:随堂练习（用括号内的词的适当形式填空。）

1I'm（satisfy）withyouranswer.

2Heisnot（interest）inresearch.

3Thebookisvery(interest).

4.Wewere(excite)withjoyatthevictory.

5.Thenewswas(excite)tous

6.Nobodywas(interest)inthestorythathetold.

7.Theproblemis(puzzle).

8.Myworkistocleantheroom.

9.Hisdreamistobeadoctor.

答案：1satisfied2interested3interesting4excited5exciting6interested7

puzzling

部分加-ed和加-ing可以转变为形容词的动词。

delighting令人高兴的delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人费解的puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的

amusing令人高兴的amused开心的

encouraging鼓舞人心的encouraged受鼓励的

exciting令人激动的excited激动的

worrying令人烦恼的worried烦恼的

tiring引起疲劳的tired疲劳的

astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的

动词的一ed形式与一ing形式作表语时的区别。动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的

心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的

特征，含有主动的意思。

备注：比较

A.要把动词-ing形式作表语和现在进行时态区别开来。

B.要把动词-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动

语态表示被动动作。

Theproblemisquitepuzzling.

WearehavingourEnglishclass.

PetertheGreatisburiedhere.

PetertheGreatwasburiedherein1725.

Oneofmybadhabitisbitingnails(指甲)

Ex.2:真题感悟(Homework)

一、语法填空

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［1］Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxious

and—63—(disappoint).

［简析］disappointedo过去分词disappointed“感至U失望的”用作形容词，在句中作连

系动词look的表语。

［2］Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientor_38—(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportant

things?

［简析］annoyed。空格处和形容词impatient并列和系动词get构成系表结构，填annoyed

“恼怒的、生气的"，表示你变得生气。

［3］Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot_63—(sweep)intoapileof

kitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,whereitremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafy

topaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.

［简析］sweptosweep与thering之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

［4］Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_64—(look)directlyintohiseyesso

hedoesn,tfeel_65—(challenge).

［简析］challenged。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视它的眼睛，它就不会感觉受到挑战。

feel为系动词，challenged意为“受到挑战的”。

［5］“Whatwereallyneedtodois_26—(bring)backplayforchildren,“says

Dr.JuanaWillumsen,aWHOspecialistinchildhoodobesityandphysicalactivity,ina

statementaboutnewWHOguidelinesissuedinApril2019.

［简析］bring。

［6］Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

—61_(educate)abouttheareas一bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsand

culturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

developmentofthelocalareas.(2021全国乙卷)

［简析］educated。在系动词become后应用形容词作表语，表示“受过教育的二

［7］Iwasso_62—(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.(2021全国新高考H卷)

［简析］excited考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。在系动词was之后作

表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词。

二、短文改错

［例1］Afteranhourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightening.

［简析］frightening->frightened0

［例2］MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperiencebackintheUS,whichwasvery

interested.

［简析］interestedinteresting0

［例3］Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!

［简析］embarrassingembarrassedo

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［4］rmpleasingtohearit.

［简析］pleasingpleasedo

［5］Iwasreallydisappointingandabouttoleavewhenhewalkedoutofabuilding.［简析］

disappointing—disappointed。

［6］Iamawfullytiring,butIknowV11neverfallasleep.

［简析］tiringftired。

［7］Momwasgratefulandmoving.

［简析］movingmovedo联系句意"妈妈很感动”，此处应该用过去分词作表语。

［8］Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere!

［简析］excitedfexciting。现在分词exciting”令人兴奋的”用作形容词，在句中作连

系动词was的表语。

［例9］Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatis

ontherooftopoftheirhouse.

［简析］interestinginterested0过去分词interested”感到有兴趣的”用作形容词，在

句中作连系动词are的表语。

［10］Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.

［简析］interesting-erest（使感兴趣）的形容词有interesting（令人感兴趣的）

常修饰物；与interested（感兴趣的）常修饰人。本句的意思为：多亏一个偶然的事件，

我对踢足球产生了兴趣。

［1l］OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafter

seeingadoctor.

［简析］amazingamazedoamaze（使惊奇、使惊愕）形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与

amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I,句意:病人看完医生就会感觉好很多，

对此我感到惊奇。

［12］TvehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.

［简析］opensfopen。不定式做表语，to后用动词原形。

第四讲：非谓语动词作定语

句型一：a/an/the（verb）+名词

my/her/his（verb）+名词

this/that（verb）+名词

adj/Lihua飞（名词所有格）（verb）+名词

以上这四种形式一般考察的是非谓语动词作定语，一般只能考虑填V・ed和V・ing,若

果该动词有自己的形容词，也有可能把动词变为形容词。

句型二：S+（verb）+其它+V+其它。

Thekiteflyingietheskywasmadebyhim.

Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.

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句型三：S+V+O（名词/代词）+（动词）。

v-ing作定语：与被修饰的名词之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行

Eg:Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

★位置：1）单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做前置定语。

如：aflyingobject

2）动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:

anobjectflyingintheair

★如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，又强调正在进行就用beingdone,通常表示

正在被做，常做后置定语。

如：Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.正在被修建的建筑物将在

明年建完。

备注：动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，只表示被修饰

名词的一般用途，必须位于名词之前。如：areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedfor

reading阅览室,adrawingboard画板asewingmachine缝纫机awalkingstick手杖

v・ed作定语:如果所给动词是及物动词，那么与被修饰的名词之间是被动关系和完成；

如果所给动词是不及物动词那么就只表示完成。单个分词作定语应放在被修饰名词前

面；词短语作定语应放在所修饰名词的后面

Eg:Theainjuredmanisbusdriver.

Themaninjuredintheaccidentisabusdriver.

Shehasapleasedlookonherface.

Theteachergaveusasatisfiedsmile.

cookedfood熟食；成品awrittenreport书面报告；报告书

friedeggs煎鸡蛋；炒蛋boiledwater开水；白开水

frozenfood速冻食品armedforces武装部队；武装力量

requiredcourses必修课fallenleaves落叶

finishedproducts成品aforcedsmile苦笑

不定式作定语：

1）不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作即表示将来。

Eg:Ihavealotofworktodo.

Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.

2）.序数词、形容词最高级、thelast、theonly等后或当名词或代词被以上这些词

修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。

Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.

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3)当被修饰的名词是ability>chance、idea、attempt、plan、way、opportunity

等时，常用不定式作后置定语。

Iwanttohaveachancetofurthermystudy.

Ex.l:用括号内词的适当形式填空。

1)What'sthelanguage(speak)inthatcountry?

2)They'reproblems(leave)overbyhistory.

3)Theplay(puton)bytheteacherswasabigsuccess.

4)Isthereanybody(injury)?

5)Thequestion(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.

6)Hewasthelastone(leave)schoolyesterday.

7)CharlesLindberghisthefirstman(fly)theAtlanticalone.

8)Shehasagoodchance(go)tocollege.

9)Hehasgotlotsofquestions(ask).

10)Thereisnothing(worry)about.

11)Thereisa(swim)poolinourschool.

12)Whoistheboy(run)towardsus。

答案：1spoken2left3puton4injured5discussed6toleave7tofly8togo

9toask10toworry11swimming12running

Ex.2：真题感悟(Homework)

一、语法填空

［例1］Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievementaward,proudIrenedeclaredshehadno

plans_65—(retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.

［简析］t。retire。不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词plan,表示“……的计划:

［例2］Whenwegotacall_68—(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.(2019

全国卷H)

［简析］saying。say与被修饰名词acall之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。

［例3］EarthDay,—4—(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublic

awarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.

［简析］markedomark与被修饰名词EarthDay之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置

定语。

［例4］Theyrepresenttheearth_63—(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornew

beginnings.(2020全国卷H)

［简析］coming。非谓语动词与被修饰名词theearth之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作

后置定语。

［例5］Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds_69—

(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.(2020全国卷HI)

［简析］surrounding。非谓语动词与被修饰名词thesoftclouds之间是主动关系，故用现

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在分词作后置定语・。

［例6］Apieceofstone_8—（find）onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthuman

relatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.（2020北京卷）

［简析］考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的

人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句

中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为foundo

［彳列7］Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlights

thewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour_63_（ache）

legs.（2021全国新高考I卷）

［简析］aching考查非谓语动词。修饰名词legs作定语，用aching,表示“疼痛的”。

二、短文改错

［例1］Ihavesomerecordsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.

［简析］giving_given。

［例2］Hewouldalsocatchthefoodthrowingtohimfromtheothersideoftheroomand

singhappily.

［简析］throwingthrowno

［例3］Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.

［简析］keepskeepingo

［彳列4］Wecouldhearthesoundoftherainandourfootstepsmixingwithourlaughter.

［简析］mixingfmixed

［仞！I5］Myclassmate,Joseph,isatpresentinhospitalwithabreakingleg.

［简析］breakingbroken0

［例6］LastSundaymorning,whenIwashavingawalkintheparknearmyhome,Icame

acrossacrewmakeanewfilmwithoneofmyfavoriteactors.

［简析］makefmaking。

［例7］Hehadtimeforaproperbreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.

［简析］八reach-^to0序数词thefirst后跟动词不定式作定语。

［例8］Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater

whichisquitealot,andthatwillsavemuchwater.

［简析］usingfused。过去分词短语作定语表被动，修饰名词thewater。

［例9］Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.

［简析］interestedfinteresting。故事是“令人感兴趣的”，此处应该用现在分词作定语。

［例10］IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

［简析］takingftaken。

［例11］Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.

（2020全国卷I）

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［简析］fryingffried,考查动词过去分词作定语。名词tomato与动词fry是逻辑上的

动宾关系，所以将动词fry变为过去分词作定语，表达油炸蕃茄这种食物。

第五讲：非谓语动词作状语

句型一：(verb)+其它，S+V+其它.

句型二：S+V+其它，(verb)+其它.

★l.v・ing短语在句子中作状语，和句子主语构成主动关系。

Eg:Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.

Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomechildrenplayingfootball.

(When)hearingthe