2022-2023学年山西省榆次名校高二上学期期中英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频无听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年山西省榆次名校高二上学期期中英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频无听力原文）2022~2023学年山西省名校高二上学期期中联合考试

英语

考生注意：

1.本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。

2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A.19.15.B.9.8.C.9.15.答案是C。

1.Whatisthegirlgoingtodo

A.Doherhomework.B.Makeakite.C.Washdishes.

2.Whatwillthewomandoinanhour

A.CookforJohn.B.Buysomefood.C.Gotoherfather’shouse.

3.Whereistheconversationtakingplace

A.Inanoffice.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inacakeshop.

4.Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto

A.Hisboss.B.Hisassistant.C.Hiscustomer.

5.Whydidthewomanfailtoseethematch

A.Shegottheflu.B.Shehadtowork.C.Shevisitedhercolleague.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Whatdoesthewomanplantodotoday

A.Walkthedog.B.Takethedogtoadoctor.C.Eatoutwiththeman.

7.Howoldisthedog

A.Twoyearsold.B.Tenyearsold.C.Elevenyearsold.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Whydothespeakersneedmoreideas

A.Toreducethecost.B.Todesignnewproducts.C.Toincreasethemarketshare.

9.Whenwillthespeakershaveadiscussion

A.NextMonday.B.ThisWednesday.C.ThisFriday.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Wheredidthewomangettheinformationabouttheswimmingcourse

A.Fromherfriend.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromanewspaper.

11Howmanylessonsdoesthecourseprovide

A.3.B.6.C.15.

12.Whatisprovidedforfreeforthelearner

A.Alifebelt.B.Aswimsuit.C.Atowel.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whichplacearethespeakersin

A.Toronto.B.Manila.C.Vancouver.

14.WhatdoesthewomanthinkofToronto

A.Thesnowthereisless.B.Thesnowthereisdeeper.C.It’shotterthanManilainwinter.

15.Whatdidthemandolastnight

A.Hewatchedthesnowfalling.B.Hemadeasnowman.C.Heclearedtheroad.

16.Whatdoesthewomandislikewhenitsnows

A.Missingschool.B.Losingelectricity.C.Drivinginthesnow.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Whatdidthesecond-prizewinnersgeteachlastyear

A.Astampbook.B.Abunchofroses.C.Anelectronicdictionary.

18.Whatcanthecompetitorsdecideforthemselvesthisyear

A.Thetitleofthestory.B.Theprizethey’llget.C.Thestyleofthestory.

19.Howcanthecompetitorsjoininthecompetition

A.BysendingthestorytoTheBookShow.

B.BypostingthestorytoActonLibrary.

C.Bye-mailingthestorytothespeaker.

20.Whatrequirementmustthecompetitorsmeet

A.Age.B.Schoolbackground.C.Familybackground.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

BestroyalpalacesinEuropeyoucanvisit

TherearesomeroyalpalacesinEuropethattheyoftenopentheirdoorstothepublic.

DrottningholmPalace,Sweden

Thisbreathtaking17thcenturypalaceinDrottningholmisnotonlytheresidenceoftheSwedishroyalfamily,butit’salsoaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethankstoitsimpressivelypreservedcastleandtheatre.Thepalaceandparkareopentothepublicyear-round.

RoyalPalaceofOslo,Norway

TheofficialroyalresidencefortheNorwegianroyals,thisbeautifulpalaceboastsneoclassicalarchitectureandlandscapedgardenscompletewithpondsandeye-catchingstatues.Duringthesummermonthsthepalaceopenstothepubliconguidedtours,whichincludebeautifulstaterooms(会客厅),theBirdRoom,theGreatHallandtheFamilyDiningRoom.

RoyalPalaceofMadrid,Spain

WhilethePalacioRealisofficiallytheroyalresidence,nowadaystheSpanishroyalschoosetoliveintheZarzuelaPalaceinstead,withtheMadridpalaceusedmainlyforstateceremonies.Thereareover3,000roomsinthisbreathtakingpalacemakingitoneofthelargestpalacesintheworld.Highlightsincludetheroyalkitchensandthepaintinggallery,whiletheChangingoftheGuardceremonyneverfailstobeahitwithtourists.

PalaceofVersailles,France

Ifyouseekafterapalacethat’sluxurious(豪华的),thenthePalaceofVersaillesneedstobeonyourlist.Francehasn’thadaroyalfamilysincetheFrenchRevolutionin1789,butthispalaceoffersaglimpseintohowtheformerroyalslived,aswellasservingasamuseumpayingtributetoFrance’srichhistory.

1.WhatisspecialaboutDrottningholmPalace

A.Itisopentothepublic.B.Itisredecorated.

C.It’stheresidenceofFrenchroyalfamily.D.It’saUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.

2.WhatdotheattractionsofRoyalPalaceofMadridinclude

A.Thepaintinggallery.B.Ahistorymuseum.

C.Beautifulstaterooms.D.Animpressivecastle.

3.WhatcanwelearnaboutPalaceofVersailles

A.ThechangingoftheGuardceremony.B.TheprocessofFrenchRevolution.

C.ThehistoryofSpanishroyals.D.Thewayoftheformerroyals’life.

【答案】1.D2.A3.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个欧洲最好的皇家宫殿，以供游客观光。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据DrottningholmPalace,Sweden第二段“Thisbreathtaking17thcenturypalaceinDrottningholmisnotonlytheresidenceoftheSwedishroyalfamily,butit’salsoaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitethankstoitsimpressivelypreservedcastleandtheatre.(这座令人惊叹的17世纪宫殿位于德罗宁霍尔姆，它不仅是瑞典王室的住所，而且由于其保存完好的城堡和剧院，它也是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产)”可知，卓宁霍姆宫是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。故选D。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据RoyalPalaceofMadrid,Spain倒数第二段“Highlightsincludetheroyalkitchensandthepaintinggallery,whiletheChangingoftheGuardceremonyneverfailstobeahitwithtourists.(其中的亮点包括皇家厨房和画廊，而换岗仪式也一直受到游客的欢迎)”可知，马德里皇宫的景点有画廊。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据PalaceofVersailles,France最后一段中“Francehasn’thadaroyalfamilysincetheFrenchRevolutionin1789,butthispalaceoffersaglimpseintohowtheformerroyalslived,aswellasservingasamuseumpayingtributetoFrance’srichhistory.(自1789年法国大革命以来，法国一直没有王室，但这座宫殿让人们得以一窥前王室的生活方式，同时也是一座博物馆，向法国丰富的历史致敬)”可知，凡尔赛宫里有前王室成员的生活方式。故选D。

B

DuringthefirstCOVID-19outbreak,Dr.KirbyWhitestruggledtogetenoughdisposablegowns(一次性罩衣),sosheandhercolleagueDr.NicoleLowedecidedtoact.InMarch2023,theydevelopedagownthatcouldbelaunderedandreused,allowingthemtokeepseeingpatientsattheirBendigo’sclinic.

“ThesecondCOVID-19wavemadeitimpossibleforanyonetopurchasedisposablegowns,saysKirby,whoexplainsonereusablegownlastsaslongas130single-usegowns.“Itwasimportanttohaveareusablegown.Wedidn’tknowhowlongthepandemicwouldlastsoweneededasustainablesolution.”

Twoweekslater,GownsforDoctorswascreated.Takingtosocialmedia,Kirby,36,sharedtheinitiative(新方案)inalocalFacebookgroup.Overnight,hundredsofvolunteersputuptheirhandstosew(缝),donatefabricanddistributethegowns.Shewasblownawaybytheunbelievableresponse.“Wehad400emailsovernight!“Kirbysays.“It’sthespiritthatallowedustosendoutsomanygownstopeopleinneed.Monthslater,GownsforDoctorsstillhasalotofgownsifmedicalstaffareinneedofthem.Wearecontinuingtohelpthosewhoneedthem.”

Thesuccessoftheinitiativehasnowgoneglobal,afteracompanycontactedKirbytocreateaBarbiedoll(芭比娃娃)inherimage,celebratingallthehealthcareheroesglobally.“Seeingmyone-of-a-kindBarbiedollforthefirsttimewasaheart-skipmoment.Thereweretearsofjoy.Shelooksjustlikeme!”

Afterhand-packingeveryorder,Dr.Whitelovesseeinghappyhealthcareworkerswearingtheirdonatedgowns.“We’vebeensentphotosofmedicalstaffwearingtheirgownswithbigsmiles,”shesays.“Everyonehasbeensoappreciative;weareinundatedwiththank-youcards.It’ssonicetoseethem.”

4.WhydidKirbystarttomakereusablegowns

A.Therewasalackofgowns’materials.

B.Thenumberofthepatientswaslarge.

C.Thereweren’tenoughdisposablegowns.

D.Thequalityofthedisposablegownswaspoor.

5.Whatdidthevolunteersdofortheinitiative

A.Theywrotealotofemails.B.Theyhelpedmakethegowns.

C.Theyboughtmanynewgowns.D.Theycalledsomemedicalstaff.

6.HowdidKirbyfeelwhenshesawtheBarbiedollforthefirsttime

A.Annoyed.B.Curious.C.Upset.D.Touched.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inundated”inthelastparagraphmean

A.Flooded.B.Competed.C.Compared.D.Equipped.

【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在COVID-19疫情期间，KirbyWhite医生因一次性罩衣不足而开发了一款可重复使用的罩衣并推广的故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“DuringthefirstCOVID-19outbreak,Dr.KirbyWhitestruggledtogetenoughdisposablegowns(一次性罩衣),sosheandhercolleagueDr.NicoleLowedecidedtoact.InMarch2023,theydevelopedagownthatcouldbelaunderedandreused,allowingthemtokeepseeingpatientsattheirBendigo’sclinic.(在第一次COVID-19疫情期间，KirbyWhite医生难以获得足够的一次性罩衣，因此她和同事NicoleLowe医生决定采取行动。2023年3月，他们开发了一款可以清洗和重复使用的罩衣，让他们可以继续在他们Bendigo的诊所看病)”可知，因为没有足够的一次性罩衣，所以Kirby开始制作可重复使用的罩衣。故选C项。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Takingtosocialmedia,Kirby,36,sharedtheinitiative(新方案)inalocalFacebookgroup.Overnight,hundredsofvolunteersputuptheirhandstosew(缝),donatefabricanddistributethegowns.(在社交媒体上，36岁的Kirby在当地的一个Facebook群组中分享了这一新方案。一夜之间，数百名志愿者动手缝制、捐赠布料并分发罩衣)”可知，响应新方案，志愿者们帮助制作罩衣。故选B项。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中“Seeingmyone-of-a-kindBarbiedollforthefirsttimewasaheart-skipmoment.Thereweretearsofjoy.(第一次看到我独一无二的芭比娃娃是一个令人心跳加速的时刻。高兴得我热泪盈眶。)”可知，Kirby第一次看到芭比娃娃的时候很感动。故选D项。

【7题详解】

词句猜测题。划线词句前半部分“Everyonehasbeensoappreciative;(每个人都很感激)”说明人们对此事非常感激，从而推知划线部分“weareinundatedwiththank-youcards.(感谢卡对我们来说inundated)”其中划线词汇应为“蜂拥而至，应接不暇”的意思，选项A“大量涌入，大量送至”与之意义最为接近。故选A项。

C

SomeAsianchildrenarebecomingincreasinglyfat,anewreportsays.TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)jointreportwasreleasedonMonday.Thetwoagenciescallforbetterregulationofjunkfoodandalimitonsugarydrinksforchildren.Theyalsocallforactionagainstmalnutrition(营养不良),becausealackoffoodhaspreventedchildrenwholiveinpovertygrowingnormallyandhealthily-orrather,hurtstheirdevelopment.

DorothyFooteisaUNICEFregionalnutritionalspecialist.Shesaysthelackoffoodaffectschildren’sheightanddevelopmentinsidetheirbodies.Butatthesametime,theareaisfacinghighlevelsofoverweightchildren.

Themainreasonforthefoodproblems,thereportsays,isthatthereismorejunkfoodavailable,whichdoesnotprovidenutrition.Anotherproblemisdrinkswithhighsugarorhightrans-fat,butlownutritionalvalue.Lackofphysicalactivityisalsopartoftheproblem,thereportadds.

Footesaysthisisseeninnutritionacrossthearea.Shesayspeoplelackknowledgeaboutwhatisneededandnormalforhealthychildren’sdevelopment.

Theeconomicgrowthintheareahasbroughtunhealthyproductstoruralareas.Poorandmiddle-classfamiliesbuythemanddonotmaketherightchoicestousehealthierfoodsinstead.Poorfeedingpractices,especiallyforchildrenyoungerthantwo,meanongoinghighlevelsofmalnutrition.

Thereportsaysgovernmentsneedtoregulatethemarketingofjunkfoodandsugarydrinkstochildren.Italsocallsforbetterfeedingpracticesforinfantsandyoungchildren,andtreatmentforseverelymalnourishedchildren.Anditsaysthecountriesshouldworktoreducepovertyandmakesurethatchildrenstayinschool.

8.Whatdoesthereportfocuson

A.TheeconomicgrowthinAsia.

B.Asiancountries’development.

C.TheeducationinAsianruralareas.

D.SomeAsianchildren’shealthproblems.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph5referto

A.Therightchoices.B.Thehighlevels.

C.Theunhealthyproducts.D.Thehealthierfoods.

10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout

A.Thechildren’ssituations.B.Thereport’ssuggestions.

CThegovernments’efforts.D.Theproblem’scauses.

11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext

A.Thereasonsforchildren’sbeinghungry

B.Howtostopchildrenfrombeingoverweight

C.WhychildreninAsiabecomeoverweight

D.Asianchildrenfacemalnutritionorfatness

【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了新的报告称一些亚洲儿童变得越来越胖。联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织呼吁更好地监管垃圾食品，并限制儿童含糖饮料。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。由文章第一段“SomeAsianchildrenarebecomingincreasinglyfat,anewreportsays.TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)jointreportwasreleasedonMonday.Thetwoagenciescallforbetterregulationofjunkfoodandalimitonsugarydrinksforchildren.Theyalsocallforactionagainstmalnutrition,becausealackoffoodhaspreventedchildrenwholiveinpovertygrowingnormallyandhealthily-orrather,hurtstheirdevelopment.(一份新报告称，一些亚洲儿童变得越来越胖。联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的联合报告于周一发布。这两个机构呼吁更好地监管垃圾食品，并限制儿童含糖饮料。他们还呼吁采取行动消除营养不良，因为缺乏食物使生活在贫困中的儿童无法正常、健康地成长，或者更确切地说，损害了他们的发展)”可知，报告关注的是一些亚洲儿童的健康问题。故选D项。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。由第五段第一句“Theeconomicgrowthintheareahasbroughtunhealthyproductstoruralareas.(该地区的经济增长给农村地区带来了不健康的产品)”可知，them指代的是前文提及的不健康的食品，即一些贫穷或中产阶级的家庭购买这些不健康的食品，而不是选择更健康的食品。故选C项。

【10题详解】

主旨大意题。由最后一段“Thereportsaysgovernmentsneedtoregulatethemarketingofjunkfoodandsugarydrinkstochildren.Italsocallsforbetterfeedingpracticesforinfantsandyoungchildren,andtreatmentforseverelymalnourishedchildren.Anditsaysthecountriesshouldworktoreducepovertyandmakesurethatchildrenstayinschool.(报告称，政府需要监管向儿童销售垃圾食品和含糖饮料。它还呼吁为婴儿和幼儿提供更好的喂养方法，并对严重营养不良的儿童进行治疗。它说，各国应该努力减少贫困，并确保儿童留在学校)”可知，最后一段主要呼吁政府采取一些措施。故选B项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。由文章第一段“SomeAsianchildrenarebecomingincreasinglyfat,anewreportsays.TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund(UNICEF)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)jointreportwasreleasedonMonday.Thetwoagenciescallforbetterregulationofjunkfoodandalimitonsugarydrinksforchildren.Theyalsocallforactionagainstmalnutrition,becausealackoffoodhaspreventedchildrenwholiveinpovertygrowingnormallyandhealthily-orrather,hurtstheirdevelopment.(一份新报告称，一些亚洲儿童变得越来越胖。联合国儿童基金会和世界卫生组织的联合报告于周一发布。这两个机构呼吁更好地监管垃圾食品，并限制儿童含糖饮料。他们还呼吁采取行动消除营养不良，因为缺乏食物使生活在贫困中的儿童无法正常、健康地成长，或者更确切地说，损害了他们的发展)”可知，这篇文章主要在说亚洲儿童的肥胖问题，故D选项Asianchildrenfacemalnutritionorfatness“亚洲儿童面临营养不良或肥胖”最适合做本篇文章的标题。故选D项。

D

Ifwecontinueatourcurrentproductionrate,theWorldEconomicForumpredictsthatby2050therewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheocean.Today,thereisagarbageislandthreetimesthesizeofFrancefloatinginthePacificOcean.However,inherpresentationlastweek,AlexandraCousteau,aworld-renownedenvironmentaladvocate,offeredasmallsignofhope.

Cousteau’stalk,titled“TellingtheStoryofOurWaterPlanet:InnovationinFilmmakingandSocialMediatoEffectEnvironmentalChange”,focusedonusinginnovationandtechnologytocreateenvironmentalsolutionswithafocusonrestorationratherthanpreservation.Shedescribedourcurrentapproachtoconservationasa“zero-sumgame”betweenenvironmentalistsandeconomists.Anendangeredspecieshabitatcaneitherbeprotectedordeveloped;apollutedstreamcaneitherbecleanedorlefttodeteriorate(恶化).Bothteamsareonthedefensive,yetplayingalosinggame.

Inthe1970s,theenvironmentalistmovementfocusedonconservationefforts.Cousteausaid,“Itwasaneffectivetoolthenwhenplasticswereyoung.Butwehavelost50%ofouroceanicecosystemssince1950.Conservationisnolongerenough.“Cousteauurgesustocreatebiologicalrichnessforthecreaturesstilllivinginthesea.

Throughoutherspeech,Cousteaudiscussedthechallengesfacingouroceansandthesolutionslyingatourfingertips.Sheexplainedthepowerofseaweedfarmingtosequester(隔离)carbon.Shetalkedof3Dprintingcoralreefsratherthanpainstakinglygrowing.Mostofall,shefocusedontheyouthsandouramazingpowerfordrivingpracticalchange.

Cousteausaid,however,therearechallengesinthemission.Oceanconservationhasinequalities(不平等)initsapproachandimplementation.Thoughthescienceexists,lawmakersneedtoemploythesesolutionsefficientlyandequitably,whichisfareasiersaidthandone.Despitetheseobstacles,Cousteau’smessagegavehope.

Modernenvironmentalismisnolongertheworkofafew,buttheworkofmanydedicatedindividualswithacommonvisionforchange.Together,wecanregainhopeandrebuildouroceans.

12.WhyistheWorldEconomicForum’spredictionmentioned

A.Toshareenvironmentalsolutions.

B.TotellthecontentofCousteau’stalk.

C.Toshowtheseriousresultofoceanicgarbage.

D.Toshowourcurrentdangerouslivingcondition.

13.WhatdoesCousteauwanttoexpressthroughthe“zero-sumgame”

A.Thefailureofprotectingtheenvironment.

B.People’sawarenessofprotectingtheEarth.

C.Thesuccessoftheenvironmentalistmovement.

D.People’screativesolutiontoprotectingtheEarth.

14.WhatdoesCousteauthinkoftheenvironmentalistmovementinthe1970s

A.Itshouldbecontinued.

B.Itshouldbepreventednow.

C.Itwasusefulforbiologicalrichness.

D.Itwasgoodbutthenhadlittleeffect.

15.WhatcanweknowaboutCousteaufromthetext

A.Hergoalisdifficulttoachieve.

B.Herfocusontheyouths’effortsiswrong.

C.Shewillrebuildtheoceanbyherselfinthefuture.

D.Shebelievesinthepresentwaystoprotecttheocean.

【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A

【解析】

【导语】本文为说明文。文行介绍了世界经济论坛预测，到2050年，海洋中的塑料将比鱼类更多，世界著名的环保倡导者AlexandraCousteau提出濒危物种的栖息地可以受到保护或开发，受污染的溪流可以被清理，也可以让它们恶化。现代环保主义不再是少数人的工作，我们要一起努力，重建我们的海洋。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第一段前两句“Ifwecontinueatourcurrentproductionrate,theWorldEconomicForumpredictsthatby2050therewillbemoreplasticthanfishintheocean.Today,thereisagarbageislandthreetimesthesizeofFrancefloatinginthePacificOcean.(如果我们继续保持目前的生产速度，世界经济论坛预测，到2050年，海洋中的塑料将比鱼类更多。今天，有一个三倍于法国大小的垃圾岛漂浮在太平洋上。)”可知，文章提及theWorldEconomicForum’sprediction是为了引出本篇文章的主题，海洋当中的塑料问题很严重。故选C项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第二段的二三两句“Shedescribedourcurrentapproachtoconservationasa“zero-sumgame”betweenenvironmentalistsandeconomists.Anendangeredspecieshabitatcaneitherbeprotectedordeveloped;apollutedstreamcaneitherbecleanedorlefttodeteriorate.Bothteamsareonthedefensive,yetplayingalosinggame.(她将我们目前的保护方法描述为环保主义者和经济学家之间的“零和游戏”。濒危物种的栖息地可以受到保护或开发；受污染的溪流可以被清理，也可以让它们变质。两支球队都在防守，但正在打一场失败的比赛。)”可知，提及zero-sumgame是为了说明这是一场失败的比赛。故选A项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。由文章第三段“Inthe1970s,theenvironmentalistmovementfocusedonconservationefforts.Cousteausaid,“Itwasaneffectivetoolthenwhenplasticswereyoung.Butwehavelost5o%ofouroceanicecosystemssince1950.Conservationisnolongerenough.“Cousteauurgesustocreatebiologicalrichnessforthecreaturesstilllivinginthesea.(在20世纪70年代，环保运动专注于保护工作。Cousteau说：“当塑料还年轻的时候，这是一个有效的工具。但自1950年以来，我们已经失去了5%的海洋生态系统。保护已经不够了。“库斯托敦促我们为仍然生活在海洋中的生物创造生物丰富的生物丰富性。)”可知，Cousteau认为在20世纪70年代的环保运动有效但现在保护已经不够了。故选D项。

【15题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Cousteausaid,however,therearechallengesinthemission.Oceanconservationhasinequalitiesinitsapproachandimplementation.Thoughthescienceexists,lawmakersneedtoemploythesesolutionsefficientlyandequitably,whichisfareasiersaidthandone.Despitetheseobstacles,Cousteau’smessagegavehope.(然而，库斯托说，特派团存在挑战。海洋保护在方法和实施方面存在不平等。虽然科学存在，但立法者需要高效和公平地使用这些解决方案，这说起来容易做起来难。尽管存在这些障碍，库斯托的信息还是带来了希望。)”可知，她的想法说起来容易做起来难，即比较难实现。故选A项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Healthisthemostimportantthingintheworld.Nothingismoreimportantthanhealth.Ifonetakesawayourmoney,houses,cars,orevenourclothes,wecanstillsurvive.___16___Thatiswhywealwaystrytoeatinahealthywayandexerciseregularly.

HowcanwekeephealthyInordertoeathealthily,weshouldavoideatingfoodhighinfat,likeFrenchfriesorcookies,whicharenotveryhealthy.___17___Weshouldeatalotofvegetablesandfreshfruitswhicharefullofvitamins.

___18___Takingexerciseeverydayhelpsusbuildastrongbody.Regularexerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingushealthy.

What’smore,friendsareanimportantpartofone’shealth.___19___Weusuallyfeelbetterwhenwearewithfriendsthanwhenwearealone.Whenwearewithourfriends,wealwayslaughmore.Laughingisalsoanimportantpartofhealth.Itisgoodtostaywithourfriends.

Byeatingproperlyandexercisingregularly,wecankeepourbodyataproperweightandkeephealthy.Byspendingtimewithourfriends,wecankeepourmindaswellasmood(情绪)happy.Thesethingssoundeasytodo,butnotmanypeoplecanmanagethem.___20___

A.Besides,weshouldn’teattoomuchmeat.

B.Ontheotherhand,doingexerciseisveryimportant.

C.Somepeopleappearfatbecausetheyofteneattoomuch.

D.Sowebelieveastrongwillisamustifwewanttokeephealthy.

E.Butifourhealthistakenaway,itiscertainthatwe’llhavenothing.

F.Therearesomepeoplewholikestayingalone,buttheykeephealthy.

G.Studiesshowthatpeoplewitharangeofsocialcontactsdon’tgetsickeasily.

【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.G20.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种让我们保持健康的方法。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Ifonetakesawayourmoney,houses,cars,orevenourclothes,wecanstillsurvive.(如果一个拿走了我们的钱，房子，汽车，甚至我们的衣服，我们仍然可以生存。)”和下文“Thatiswhywealwaystrytoeatinahealthywayandexerciseregularly.(这就是为什么我们总是试图以健康的方式饮食和定期锻炼。)”可知，上文提到没有一些物质上的东西，我们仍然可以生存，下文提到了我们总是试图保持健康，空处与上文形成转折关系，指出了健康的重要性。E项：Butifourhealthistakenaway,itiscertainthatwe’llhavenothing.(但是如果我们失去了健康，我们肯定将一无所有。)符合语境。故选E。

【17题详解】

根据上文“Inordertoeathealthily,weshouldavoideatingfoodhighinfat,likeFrenchfriesorcookies,whicharenotveryhealthy.(为了吃得健康，我们应该避免吃高脂肪的食物，如炸薯条或饼干，这些都不是很健康。)”和下文“Weshouldeatalotofvegetablesandfreshfruitswhicharefullofvitamins.(我们应该多吃富含维生素的蔬菜和新鲜水果。)”可知，本段主要讲述了如何从饮食方面保持健康，空处的内容与“饮食”有关。A项：Besides,weshouldn’teattoomuchmeat.(此外，我们不应该吃太多的肉。)符合语境。故选A。

18题详解】

空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“Takingexerciseeverydayhelpsusbuildastrongbody.Regularexerciseisanimportantpartofkeepingushealthy.(每天锻炼帮助我们建立一个强壮的身体。经常锻炼是保持我们健康的重要组成部分。)”可知，本段内容与“锻炼”相关，B项：Ontheotherhand,doingexerciseisveryimportant.(另一方面，做运动很重要。)符合语境。故选B。

【19题详解】

根据上文“What’smore,friendsareanimportantpartofone’shealth.(更重要的是，朋友是一个人的健康的重要组成部分。)”可知，本段讲述的是朋友对于健康的好处。G项：Studiesshowthatpeoplewitharangeofsocialcontactsdon’tgetsickeasily.(研究表明，有广泛社会交往的人不容易生病。)符合语境。故选G。

【20题详解】

根据上文“Thesethingssoundeasytodo,butnotmanypeoplecanmanagethem.(这些事情听起来容易做，但不是很多人能做到。)”可知，这些事情听起来很容易，但是做起来却有难度，空格处应说要做到需要什么条件。D项：Sowebelieveastrongwillisamustifwewanttokeephealthy.(所以我们相信如果我们想保持健康，坚强的意志是必须的。)符合语境。故选D。

第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Aone-hourclasscansavealifeThat’swhat16-year-oldMcDonald’spart-timeworkerRaleylearnedwhenshe___21___savedachokingcustomerbyusingtheHeimlichmaneuver(海姆立克急救法).

WorkingattheEdenPrairieMcDonald’s,theyounggirl___22___onaSaturdaymorning,expectingforeverythingto___23___asnormal.Afterhandingonewomanpartofher___24___,Raleyleftthepick-upwindow.Itwaswhenshe___25___toexplaintherestwasonitswaythatshesawthecustomer___26___tobechoking.

Breadwas___27___inherthroat.Herdaughterwasbyhersideandthelittlegirllookedso___28___atwhathappened.Raleystraightaway___29___hercolleaguetocall911,andthenrushedoutofthewindowtohelpthechokingcustomer.Having____30____afirstaidclassbefore,RaleyusedtheHeimlichmaneuverwiththehelpofanothercustomer.

Thesituationturnedaround,andthewoman,thoughinfear,wasdeeply____31____ofRaley’shelp.Firstrespondersarrivedlateronlytofindthewomanwas____32____.Withoutasecondthought,theyhandedRaleyamedalasa(n)____33____fordoinggoodworkinthecommunity.

Raley’sparentsalsoarrivedatthe____34____.Seeinganambulanceandpolicecars,theyimmediatelybecameworriedthatsomethingmighthavehappenedtotheirdaughter,whohad____35____fromsomesocialdifficulties____36____autism(自闭症).

“Weare____37____ofRaleyandherquick____38____overtheweekendtohelpourcustomer,”saidtheoperatorPaulOstergaard.“Raleytrulyshowswhatitistobea____39____,andwearehonoredtohaveherasahighly-valuedmemberatour____40____.”

21.A.graduallyB.strangelyC.successfullyD.frequently

22.A.setoutB.clockedinC.gaveupD.checkedout

23.A.goB.moveC.riseD.change

24.A.luckB.styleC.paperD.order

25.A.refusedB.continuedC.returnedD.whispered

26.A.pretendedB.appearedC.decidedD.turned

27.A.stuckB.separatedC.thrownD.washed

28.A.interestedB.embarrassedC.depressedD.frightened

29.A.requestedB.commandedC.persuadedD.invited

30.A.challengedB.designedC.attendedD.imagined

31.A.carefulB.supportiveC.appreciativeD.aware

32.A.thirstyB.safeC.calmD.enjoyable

33.A.rewardB.exchangeC.solutionD.warning

34.A.officeB.conclusionC.attractionD.scene

35.A.heardB.sufferedC.datedD.learned

36.A.incaseofB.inneedofC.atthetopofD.asaresultof

37.A.proudB.afraidC.tiredD.certain

38.A.chargesB.memoriesC.gesturesD.approaches

39.A.starB.leaderC.hostD.hero

40.A.stationB.restaurantC.kitchenD.class

【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.C31.C32.B33.A34.D35.B36.D37.A38.C39.D40.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个在麦当劳打工的女孩雷利采取曾经学过的海姆立克法及时挽救了一位因异物阻塞呼吸道而窒息的女人，同时也因她的英雄行为而受到奖励和表扬。

【21题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：这就是16岁的麦当劳兼职员工雷利学到的，她成功地用海姆利克急救法救了一位窒息的顾客。A.gradually逐渐地；B.strangely奇怪地；C.successfully成功地；D.frequently频繁地。根据上文“Aone-hourclasscansavealife.”和下文的故事可知是这个人成功地用海姆利克急救法救了一位窒息的顾客，故选C。

【22题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：周六早上，在伊甸草原麦当劳工作的小女孩打卡上班，希望一切都能像往常一样。A.setout触发；B.clockedin打卡上班；C.gaveup放弃；D.checkedout结账。根据下文“expectingforeverythingto___3___asnormal.”可知是和往常一样上班打卡，故选B。

【23题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.go进展；B.move移动；C.rise升起；D.change改变。根据下文“asnormal”可知期待像往常一样工作顺利，故选A。

【24题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：雷利给了一位女士一部分订购的食物后，离开了取货窗口。A.luck幸运；B.style风格；C.paper纸；D.order订购。根据下文“Raleyleftthepick-upwindow.Itwaswhenshe___5___toexplaintherestwasonitsway”可知是把订购食物的一部分给了顾客，故选D。

【25题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她回来解释剩下的东西正在做的时候，她看到那位顾客似乎被噎住了。A.refused拒绝；B.continued继续；C.returned返回；D.whispered低语。根据下文“toexplaintherestwasonitsway”可知是返回去向那个顾客解释她订的食物在制作中，故选C。

【26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.pretended假装；B.appeared似乎；C.decided决定；D.turned转动。根据下文“tobechoking”和常识看到的可知应是似乎被噎到了符合题意，故选B。

【27题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：面包卡在她的喉咙里了。A.stuck附着在，粘；B.separated分开；C.thrown扔；D.washed清洗。根据下文“Raleystraightaway___9___her