初高衔接课第3课时句子成分课件

2022级高一英语初高中衔接第三课时（最后一节衔接课）句子成分sentenceconstituentFarahYuan词法句法衔接教学路径词性句子成分基本句型动词十大词性并列复合句主从复合句4X4表格主被动时态语态复合句非谓语动词单词发音音标与音节复习构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是表达一个完整概念的语言单位。主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。Tom

likes

rockmusic.He

likesreadinginthereadingroom.

·插入语（parenthesis）一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______。Thepersonorthingdescribedbythesentence.Thesubjectisusuallylocatedatthe.1.Lucylikeshernewbike.2.Weworkhard.3.Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.4.Playing

footballafterschoolisgreatfun.句首句子成分

主语

beginning

ofthesentence二、谓语(predicate)谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______充当.动词常分为实义动词(Contentverbs)，连系动词(linkingverbs)，情态动词(modalverbs)，助动词

(auxiliaryverbs)。动词实义动词(Contentverbs)及物动词(Transitiveverb)vt:可以直接带宾语:like,finish等

eg：WelearnEnglisheveryday.不及物动词(intransitiveverbvi:不能直接带宾语：run,smile,listen,look等

e.g.：Horsesrunfast。Hesingswell.

系动词分类(Classificationoflinkverbs)△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.Modalverbsandauxiliaryverbscannotactaspredicatesalone,butmustformpredicatestogetherwiththecontentorconnectionverbs.情态动词：表语气和态度，can,should,may,shall,must等

助动词:帮助构成时态、语态，如do(does,did),will(won’t),be等

e.g.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.Theyareplayingoverthere.情态动词和助动词句子成分句子主干：主语+谓语+宾语我吃了苹果。Iateanapple.句子枝叶：定语，状语，补语我昨晚快速地吃了一个很大很红的苹果。Iateabigredapplequicklylastnight.主语谓语宾语定、状、补复习：句子成分の主语

主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。Lilylikeshernewbike.(名词)Hegetsupearlyeveryday.(代词)Doingexerciseisgoodforus!形式主语Itisclearthatthesunisbiggerthantheearth.不定式、从句等作主语时，为避头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置句首。句子成分---主语句子成分の主语测一测：主语在哪里Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.It

isimportant

to

learnEnglishwellSeeingisbelieving.句子成分の谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。主谓要一致谓语WeloveChina.Hehasabadcold.e.g.Hisparentsareteachers.

Westudyhard.

Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.

HecanspeakEnglish.（行为动词作谓语）（系动词和表语一起作谓语）（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）句子成分の谓语动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.6.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.5.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.测一测：谓语在哪里助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语4.Helookedaftertwoboys.句子成分の谓语句子Let’scontinuetolearnmore句子成分の宾语表示动作,行为的对象说明主语“做什么”宾语CanIasksomequestions?Heislookingatthedog.宾语一般放在及物动词或介词后宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.()句子成分の宾语名词代词数词动名词不定式疑问词+不定式从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语句子成分の宾语

Mybrother

hasn’t

donehishomework.

A

B

C

DYoumustpaygood

attentionto

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

宾语在哪里间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答应）,refuse（拒绝）等间接宾语加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等△双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。

Hegavemetwobooks.(1)Igivehimabook.改成：

(2)Hepassesmethebook.改成：

(3)Hewritesmealetter.改成：

Igiveabooktohim.Hepassesthebooktome.Hewritesalettertome.说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后表语Hermotherisa

bank

clerk.Thefoodtastesdelicious.句子成分の表语表语：跟在系动词后面的词语或从句,说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及短语来担当。复习：系动词系动词表语系动词表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：

Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Toseeistobelieve.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.()名词代词不定式形容词/副词介词短语分词从句句子成分の表语找出表语Everythinglooksnice.

Seeingisbelieving

Hefeelsmuchmoreterribletoday句子成分の表语修饰名词或代词,形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或者相当于形容词的词或者短语都可以担任定语定语What’syourname?She’sagoodbasketballplayer.句子成分の定语Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.找出定语Some

people

forgot

tosweepthefloor.

A

B

C

DTheman

downstairs

was

tryingtosleep.

A

B

C

D句子成分の定语定语：用来修饰________.形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或者相当于形容词的词或者短语都可以担任定语。名词或代词It’saredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.()形容词副词代词数词名词所有格介词短语现在分词句子成分の定语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachines.Hesattherequietly.句子成分の状语状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisoftenlateforclass.()Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.()Hesattheresmoking.()Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.（）Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.

（）Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.()TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.()副词，程度介词短语，地点分词，伴随不定式，目的形容词，状态让步状语从句结果状语从句句子成分の状语状语状语可以用下面这些东西表示：8.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（）9.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．(）10.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.()时间状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句句子成分の状语找出状语He

began

writing

whenhewaseleven.

A

B

C

DThere

was

abigsmile

onherface.

A

B

C

D句子成分の状语Theyelectedmecaptainoftheteam.

Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.

Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.

Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。名词形容词介词短语todo不定式现在分词doingdone过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的复合结构句子成分の补语

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

A

B

C

DThey

callme

Lilysometimes.

A

B

C

D找出宾补句子成分の补语当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.句子成分の同位语Exercise：找出同位语Summary2定语用来修饰名词或代词3状语修饰动词，形容词或副词4宾补与主补的用法宾语/表语“是什么”,”怎么样”1句子成分の枝干主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾/表，枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语Practice请根据所学，划出该句各种句子成分句子成分主语谓语宾语（1）Thankyousomuch

!课堂练习:请找出下列句子谓语并判断其动词类型。实义动词助动词＋

实义动词情态动词＋实义动词系动词助动词＋实义动词系动词possiblyaboutsuccessfullyandhomelesspainfulthe课后练习（句子成分）

1.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.（

）2.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?（

）3.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.（

）4.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.（

）5.Heisinterestedinmusic.（

）6.Whomdidyougivemybookto?（

）请找出下列句子谓语并判断其动词类型助动词＋系动词助动词＋实义动词助动词＋实义动词助动词＋实义动词系动词助动词＋实义动词Practice2.请指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。()1．Ourteachersaidthathewouldgothere.A.主语