Carbon-Emission-Offsets-the-Katoomba-Group碳排放补偿-卡通巴组教学课件

CarbonEmissionOffsetsGaryBullFacultyofForestry,UniversityofBritishColumbiaVancouver,CanadaSeptember19,20191BullCarbonSequestrationCarbonMarkets2019CarbonDealsCarbonActors–IntermediariesChallenges–People,Process2BullDoesCarbonSequestrationMatter?3BullCarbonmarketspotential2019InternationalPre-ComplianceRetailMarketRegionalMarkets

-EUNationalMarkets–

Japan,Canada,AustraliaUSMarketSUB-NATIONALMARKETSMassachusettsNewHampshireNSWNationalmarketDenmarkNationalMarket

UnitedKingdom4BullShareofEmissionReduction5BullMarketBuyers6BullDealsCanadaBelize7BullCanada-Chile?HogfarmAgricolaSuperLtd,Chile400thousandtonnesannualreduction10years-4milliontonnescredit$20milliontechnologyinvestmenttoreducemethaneTransalta,CanadaReleases30milliontonnesCO2EannuallyNotsurewhatitsobligationsareunderKyotoPurchased1.75milliontonnesCO2Efor9million$US8BullCanada–voluntarymarket9BullBelize–Reforestation-CDM8000haplanted50000haintotal10BullBelize11BullBelizeProject-NetGreenhouseGasRemovalbySinks12BullBelizeForestNursery13BullBelize–CarbonOwnership14BullActorsInternationalInstitutionsGovernmentsBuyersSellersBrokersIntermediariesTransactionscosts15BullIntermediariesLawyersAccountantsResourceConsultantsInsurersEngineersResearchers16BullTransactionCostsSummaryoftheMark-uponProductPricing–BambooflooringPlayerOriginalCostAddedCost/MarkupSalePriceMarginFlooringManufacturer$15-$17/m2---$18–20/m215–20%ImporterandWholesaler$18–20/m2$2/m2(handling)$12–13/m2(markup)$32–35/m260–70%Retailer$32–35/m2$15–25/m2(markup)$47–60/m240–70%Consumer$100/m2Source:Bull201917BullTypesofTransactionCosts18BullTransactioncostsMilne2019-CIFOR19BullProjectsexamples20BullChallengesProcessPeopleManagethe‘mad’scientists!Recognizethelimitstobureaucraticintelligence!Bewareofthelawyers,insurancesalesman,consultantsandaccountants!Shadysellersandignorantbuyers21BullConclusionsForestandAgricultureneedinclusionDealsarediverse-WildWestmentalityTransactioncostswillkillmanydealsPeopleintheprocesscanalsokilldeals22BullChallenges23BullKeychallengesProcessMixedmotiveproblemAccountingtoolsLeakage,Baseline,PermanenceRisksLearningcurve24BullKindsofoffsetsLandfillgas,methanereduction,bioenergy,etc.ForestcarbonsequestrationAfforestation,Reforestation,Deforestation(Article3.3)ManagementIntensification(Article3.4)Avoidedlosses-(Article3.4)25BullKeyQuestionsWhydowewantforestcarbonsequestrationincludedinthecurrentglobaldialogueonclimatechange?Tofindmoney:basicforestmanagement–e.g.partofftgcostsinstitutionalreformcosts–e.g.carbonpoolingmgmtplansmultipleobjectivesmanagementstrategy–e.ggreen-upalleviatepoverty?-unknown26BullWhataretheopportunities?PlantingdegradedorbarrenareasIntensifymanagementonexistingforestsConservingormanagedifferentlyforestswhichhavelargecarbonstock27BullWhatarethechallenges?Risks(fire,insectanddisease)Measurementtools(allthecarbonpools)ReluctancetoallowsequestrationtotradeoffagainstemissionreductionPropertyrightsarenewTransactioncostsIncomedistribution28BullSolutionstothechallengesRiskBuildriskmodelsCreatecarbonpoolsBuyinsuranceMeasurementUsethebestavailablescienceMakesurethemeasurementiscosteffectiveInvestinnewRandD.Usebiologicalmodelssensitivethemarketplace29BullSolutionstothechallengesSequestrationvs.EmissionTeamupwiththeagriculturalistHelppeoplegettheperspectivee.g.fireUsegoodscienceonthemeasurementside30BullKindsofoffsetsLandfillgas,methanereduction,bioenergy,etc.ForestcarbonsequestrationAfforestation,Reforestation,Deforestation(Article3.3)ManagementIntensification(Article3.4)Avoidedlosses-(Article3.4)31BullKeyQuestionsWhydowewantforestcarbonsequestrationincludedinthecurrentglobaldialogueonclimatechange?Tofindmoney:basicforestmanagement–e.g.partofftgcostsinstitutionalreformcosts–e.g.carbonpoolingmgmtplansmultipleobjectivesmanagementstrategy–e.ggreen-upalleviatepoverty?-unknown32BullWhataretheopportunities?PlantingdegradedorbarrenareasIntensifymanagementonexistingforestsConservingormanagedifferentlyforestswhichhavelargecarbonstock33BullWhatarethechallenges?Risks(fire,insectanddisease)Measurementtools(allthecarbonpools)ReluctancetoallowsequestrationtotradeoffagainstemissionreductionPropertyrightsarenewTransactioncostsIncomedistribution34BullSolutionstothechallengesRiskBuildriskmodelsCreatecarbonpoolsBuyinsuranceMeasurementUsethebestavailablescienceMakesurethemeasurementiscosteffectiveInvestinnewRandD.Usebiologicalmodelssensitivethemarketplace35BullSolutionstothechallengesSequestrationvs.EmissionTeamupwiththeagriculturalistHelppeoplegettheperspectivee.g.fireUsegoodscienceonthemeasurementside36BullSolutionstothechallengesDevelopingnewmarketsClarifyownershipStrengthentheweakinstitutionsDealwiththespecifics–leakage,contractperiod,permanenceExperimentMakesureyoudealwiththedistributionofincomeissue37BullSolutionstothechallengesResearchTransactioncostsEfficientregulatoryframeworkEfficientmarketsIncomedistributionCollectdata–householdAnalyze

38BullCarbonactivitiesArticle3.3CDMprojectproposalsinBelize,ChinaandUgandaNonspatialandspatialforestriskmodelsTransactioncostsanalysisInstitutionalanalysisforsmallfarmersArticle3.4FertilizationimpactassessmentDevelopnewforestplanningmodelCarbonconservationinCanadianoldgrowth~avoideddeforestationinothercontext39BullOtheractivitiesBiodiversitymeasurementintheKootenaysISO1406440BullCarbonEmissionOffsetsPaymentsystemsActorsDealsChallengesLinkstopovertyreduction41BullToolsforcreatingdeals42BullArea:610000ha(1549400acres)CurrentHarvest:900000m3BiogeoclimaticZones: