考研拓展课程教案chapter

The

Writing

and

Translation

ofthe

Guidelines

andIntroductionsThe

features

of

Guidelines

andIntroductionsSimple

（简略性）Descriptive

（描述性）Technical

（技术性）Feature

1:

SimpleThis

type

of

text

is

easy

to

understandbythe

use

of

clear

and

simple

wordsandsentence

structures,

avoiding

unnecessaryrhetorical.

Its

characteristics

are:

1.

theextensive

use

of

the

imperative

sentence;2.

use

of

compound

words;

3.

use

ofelliptical

sentences;

4.

use

of

sentenceswith

passive

voice.Feature

1:

Simple1.

The

extensive

use

of

the

imperativesentences

（广泛使用祈使句）Examples:Avoid

placement

and

operation

in

direct

sunlightor

in

very

humid

places.本机不得放在阳光直射之处或潮湿的地方。Take

care

to

allow

adequate

air

circulation

on

allsides

to

prevent

internal

heat

buil-up.注意本机四周应保持通风，以防机内积热，无处散发。Feature

1:

Simple2.Extensive

use

of

compound

words

（多用复合词）All-in--one

多效合一Multi--vitamins

多种维生素Anti--Wrinkle

抗皱Long--lasting

长效Feature

1:

Simple3.use

of

elliptical

sentences(使用省略句)：omit

the

subjectExamples:Avoid

using

paper

wrappers

on

fiberboardcontainers.纤维板容器外请勿用纸包扎。Feature

1:

Simple4.useofsentenceswithpassivevoice(常用被动语态的句子).Examples:1）If

an

attack

does

occur,

half

a

tablet

should

bechewed

and

then

swallowed,

whereby

an

immediateaction

is

produced.如心绞痛已发作，应咀嚼半片，咽下后即可立刻发挥作用。2）No

side-effect

are

to

be

expected.一般不会发生副作用Feature

2:

DescriptiveAll

guidelines,

instructions

are

written

inorder

to

ask

the

readers

to

followandtherefore

have

a

visual

effect.

However,the

production

of

visual

effects

can

bedone

only

by

virtue

of

vivid

description.So

the

text

should

be

orderlyand

persuasive（有条理和说服力）.Feature

2:

DescriptivePassingProcedures超车程序When

you

decide

there

is

sufficient

clear

road

ahead

topermit

safe

passing,

you

should

do

the

following:在确认前方道路通畅，有足够距离便于你安全超车后，你必须按下列步骤操作Look

for

signs

and

pavement

markings.

Many

roadshave

signs

and

lane

markings

that

tell

you

when

you

canor

cannot

pass

safely

under

normal

driving

conditions.看清路标和人行道标志。许多道路都设有路标和车道标志，提醒你何时可以在正常行驶情况下安全超车。Feature

3:

technical(技术性)ExamplesCapsulesOral

solutionCreamPowderCoated

tabletDropssyrup胶囊口服液乳膏粉剂包衣片滴剂糖浆The

translation

of

the

technical

words1.

意译，即根据原文的含义译为相应的汉语。如：Cybernetics

控制论Microelectronics

微电子学Guidemissile

导弹Flowsheet

流程图Holography

全息摄影The

translation

of

the

technicalwords2.音译，即按英语的发音译成相应的汉语。英语中很多词汇，如计量单位、材料名称等，是以发明者的名字来命名的。在这种情况下，音译是唯一可行的方法。VoltRadarVitaminPenicillinLaser伏特

雷达

维他命盘尼西林镭射The

translation

of

the

technicalwords3.音意混译，即某些术语的一部分音译，另一部分则意译。KilowattDecibelMaggnus

momentEinstain

equation千瓦分贝马格努斯力矩爱因斯坦方程The

translation

of

the

technicalwords4.

形译，即译成汉语时间使用原词形。J-particleX-rayQ-meterG-lineJ-粒子

X-射线

Q-表G-线The

translation

of

the

technicalwords5.像译，即将技术用语中代表某一几何图形的原文字母用在汉语中，以体现其形状。如：O-ringC-clampS-turningT-boltO

型环C

形夹钳S

形弯道T

形螺栓Exercises1.

Put

the

following

passage

into

ChineseISOKETFor

long-term

and

/

or

emergency

treatment

of

anginapectoris.Composition:Isosorbide

dinitrate

20

mg

per

tablet,

with

prolongedaction.Indications:Angina

pectoris,

especially

the

so-called

“effortangina”;

prevention

and

subsequent

treatment

ofmyocardial

infarction.

Angina

pectoris

vasomotorica,

aform

induecd

by

central

nervous

disorder,

is

notaffected.Contra-indication:

a.Dosage:One

tablet

of

Isoket

retard

to

be

taken

with

water

andwithout

chewing

in

the

morning

after

breakfast,

andone

in

the

evening

before

retiring;

this

will

protect

thepatient

from

attacks

of

angina

pectoris

during

both

theday

and

the

night.

If

an

attack

does

occur,

half

a

tabletshould

be

chewed

and

then

swallowed,

whereby

animmediate

action

is

produced.Note:No

side-effects

are

to

be

expected,

but

some

patientsmay

develop

the

well-known

“nitrate

headache”

whichin

itself

is

harmless.

In

such

instances,

it

is

mendedthat

the

dosage

be

reduced.

Because

this

nitrateeffect

is

subject

to

tachyphylaxis,

the

Isoket

retardmedication

need