2022-2023学年河北省秦皇岛市高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版含听力音频和听力原文）

第第页2022-2023学年河北省秦皇岛市高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，含听力音频和听力原文）秦皇岛市高二年级期末考试

英语

注意事项：

1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt

A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.

答案是C。

1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhendidJimwishthespeakerstobeathishouse

A.Beforesixo’clock.

B.Afterfiveo’clock.

C.Anytimebeforefivethirty.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Aren’twesupposedtobeatJim’shouseatfiveo’clock

W:No,anytimebeforefivethirtyisOK.Hesaiditdidn’tmakeanydifference.

2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whydoesthewomancalltheman

A.Toknowmoreinformationaboutthehouse.

B.Tomakeanappointmentwiththeman.

C.Toaskthemanformoreadvice.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W:Hi,I’mcallingaboutthethree-bedroomhouseyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.Itsoundsreallynice.

M:Yes,itis,especiallyifyouhavechildren.

3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatdoesthewomanmean

A.Shedoesn’tunderstandthequestion.

B.Shewillnotgotowatchthematch.

C.Shewillnotlendhimthemoney.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M:Canyoupossiblylendme$10forthegameticket

W:It’soutofthequestion.

4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

Whatwillthemando

A.Weartheshirt.

B.Findachancetobuyashirt.

C.Changetheshirtforanewone.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:Haveyouhadachancetowearyournewshirtyet

M:Thatremindsme.I’vebeenmeaningtoexchangeitforalargesize.

5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

WhowillleaveforHongKong

A.Thewoman.

B.Bob.

C.Tom.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W:AreyoureallyleavingforHongKong,Bob

M:Iguessso.I’vegotmyticketandIamanxioustoseeTomthereonSaturday.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo

A.Talktothewoman.

B.Helpthewoman.

C.Askthewoman’sgrade.

7.Whatisthewomanbusywith

A.Herhistoryreview.

B.Herhistorypaper.

C.HerChinesepaper.

【答案】6.A7.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Iseeyouarebusyrightnow,Sue.Assoonasyoufinish,I’dliketotalktoyouforafewminutes.

W:That’sein.

M:Oh,no,Idon’twanttointerruptyou.Icanwait.I’llcomebacklater.

W:I’mafraidit’sgoingtobealongwait!I’mworkingonmyhistorypaper.

M:HistorypaperIthoughtyou’dfinishedit.Didn’tyouturnitinonFriday

W:Yes,buttheprofessorjustreturnedittome.Iwastoldtoaddtenmorepages.

M:Tenmorepages!That’squitealot.Howareyougoingtodoit

W:That’swhatIamtryingtofigureout.NowwhatcanIdoforyou

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

8.WhydidthewomangotoLondonduringthevacation

A.TolearnEnglish.

B.Todobusiness.

C.Tovisitsometeachers.

9.HowlongdidthewomanstayinLondon

A.About30days.

B.About40days.

C.About45days.

10.WhatdidthewomanlikeparticularlyabouttheEnglishclasses

A.Theteacherswerenice.

B.Therewerealotofactivitiesinclass.

C.Thestudentswerequitefreeinclass.

【答案】8.A9.B10.C

【解析】

【原文】M:Hi,Jane.It’snicetoseeyouagain.IheardthatyouwenttotheUnitedKingdomduringthevacation.

W:Yes.IpaidavisittoLondonandattendedasummercourseinEnglish.

M:Wow.Itsoundssogood.Howlongdidyoustaythere

W:Well,IwentthereonJuly5thandcamebackonAugust15th.

M:Whataboutthecourse

W:Ithinkthecoursewaswellorganized.Theteacherswerenice.Theytaughtustolisten,speak,readandwriteinEnglish,butitmostlyfocusedonspeaking.OneinterestingthingIfoundwasthattheEnglishclassesweredifferentfromoursbecausetheywereveryfree.Youcansitanywhereyoulikeintheclassroom.Youcanasktheteacherquestionsatanytimeduringtheclass,andyouarewelcometoshareyourideaswiththeclassmatesandteachers.Ireallyenjoythiskindofclass.

M:Howinteresting!Maybeourteachersshouldtrythat.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace

A.Inanoldhouse.

B.Atabusstop.

C.Atauniversity.

12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando

A.Buyanewhouse.

B.Cleantheroomseveryday.

C.Buyanoldhousewithsmallrooms.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman

A.Shewantstobuyanoldlargehouse.

B.She’llbuyahouseneartheuniversity.

C.Shepreferstoliveinsmallrooms.

【答案】11.B12.A13.A

【解析】

【原文】M:Hi,Rose.You’vebeenlookingforhousesformonths.Can’tyoufindone

W:Well,Ishouldbecarefulaboutchoosingone.It’sabigsteptobuyahouse.I’drathertaketimenowthanbesorrylater.

M:That’sright.There’realotofhousesforsaleneartheuniversity.

W:I’vebeenthere,verybeautifulhouses,butIpreferoldbutbighouses.Weneedlotsofrooms,youknow.AndIthinkIcangetabetterbuyonanoldhouse.

M:However,acheaphousemeanslessmodernconveniences.Whynotgetanewone

W:Well,Jeffcanrebuildtheoldone.Youknow,he’ssoskillful.Someofthenewhousesnowhaveverysmallrooms.Iwouldn’twanttospendtherestofmylifeinthem.

M:Aren’tyoutiredofkeepingsomanyroomscleaneveryday

W:Notatall.Cleaningisapleasureforme.Oh,herecomesmybus.Bye!

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.Whatdoesthewomanworryabout

A.Herwork.

B.Herstudy.

C.Herweight.

15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo

A.Eatless.

B.Livehappily.

C.Dosomeexercise.

16.Whatwillthewomandonext

A.Walkforanhour.

B.Buyadancingmachine.

C.Dancewiththeman.

【答案】14.C15.C16.B

【解析】

【原文】W:Yousee,I’mgettingmuchfatterthanbefore.I’malwaysworried.I’venoideahowtoloseweight.

M:Youshoulddosomeexerciseeveryday.Thatisthebestwaytokeepyouhealthyandstrong.

W:Youknow,Idon’twanttomoveaboutatall.

M:You’dbetternotwatchtoomuchTV.Recently,dancingmachineshavebeenpopularinourcountry.Isuggestbuyingone.

W:Whatisthedancingmachine

M:Oh,youmayseeoneinshoppingcenters.It’seasytolearnhowtouseit.Whatyououghttodoisdanceonsuchmachineswithlouddiscomusic,steppingforwardandbackward,leftandrightaccordingtothedirectionsonTV,asifyouarereallydancing.

W:Thatsoundsinteresting!Butisitusefultohelpmekeepfit

M:Sure.Whenyoufinishdancing,you’llbeoutofbreath.

W:WherecanIfindone

M:YoumaygototheFriendshipStore.

W:Isitexpensive

M:Idon’tthinkso.Itonlycosts$900.

W:Allright.I’dliketobuyone.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout

A.Thehistoryoftheschool.

B.Thecoursesfortheterm.

C.Theplanfortheday.

18.Wherecanthevisitorslearnaboutthesubjectsfornewstudents

A.Intheschoolhall.

B.Inthesciencelabs.

C.Intheclassrooms.

19.Whatcanstudentsdointhepracticalareas

A.Attendworkshops.

B.Enjoyexcellentmeals.

C.Takesciencecourses

20.Whenarethevisitorsexpectedtoaskquestions

A.Beforethetourofthelabs.

B.Afterthewelcomespeech.

C.Duringthelunchhour.

【答案】17.C18.B19.A20.C

【解析】

【原文】WelcometoMontfortSchool,thankyouforchoosingourschoolandforjoiningthehappyMontfortfamily,whichhasbeeneducatingboyssince1916.Itiswithgreatpleasurethatwehavepreparedsomeeventsthatwehopewillpleaseyou.At9:00am,ourheadmasterwillgiveawelcomespeech;thiswillbeintheschoolhall.Pleasegettherebefore8:45am.

Thentheguidetourofsciencelabsat10:20am,hereyoucanseethesubjectsthatnewstudentswillbestudying.Youwillalsonoticethatourlabshaveexcellentequipment.At11:00am,youwillbetakenonthetourtopracticalareas.Thiscoversourtechnicalworkshops,music,andotherareasofourschoollife.AtMontfort,webelieveinall-arounddevelopmentofourstudents.

Lunchwillbeat12:00.Ithasbeenspeciallypreparedforourguests.Allourteachersandstudentleaderswillbepresenttoansweranyquestionsthatyouhaveinyourminds.Wearesohappythatyoucouldbewithustoday.

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Eachdogisanindividualandwillhavevariancesintheirpersonality,meaningthatthereisnoguaranteethatthepuppyyoubringhomewillbeaperfectfit.Theseareourbestrecommendations.

AustralianShepherd

Contrarytotheirname,theAustralianShepherdisactuallyanAmericankind.Ifyouareplanningtokeeplargeranimalsonyourhomestead,havingashepherddogtohelpyoucontrolthemisamust.AustralianShepherdsarequick,lightontheirfeetandhighlyintelligent.

Thisrapidintelligencealsomakesthemexcellentattricktrainingifyoueverwanttobranchoutandteachthemtodootherthings.

AmericanLabrador

Theirloveoftheoutdoorscombinedwiththeirhappy-go-luckypersonalitiesmakesthemagreatmatchforthehomesteadlifestyle,whichmakesthemsuitablefortheelderlyathome.

Thoughtheyhavealoveofchasing,Labradorsmakeagreathomesteaddogastheyhaveaverylowchasedrive.Thismeanstheyareincrediblyunlikelytochaseandinjureyouranimals.

Mastiff

Thoughtheyarenotasintelligentassomeofotherkindsonthislist,havingaMastiffonyourhomesteadcanactasadeterrent(威慑作用)forothers.Providingashelterforyourmastiff-typedogtostayoutsidewithyouranimalswillcauseanystealerstothinktwicebeforeenteringyourproperty.

GreatPyrenees

GreatPyreneshaveaverylittledesiretodig,soyourvegetablepatchesaresafe.

Equally,theyhavelittledesiretochase,andsoyourdomesticanimalsaresafe.Theirnaturallyprotectivenaturemeanstheyarehappytoworkasguarddogs,protectingallofthemfromstealers.

21.WhatcanweknowaboutAustralianShepherds

A.Theyliketheoutdoors.

B.Theyarelessintelligent.

C.Theyworkasguarddogs.

D.Theyaregoodattricktraining.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestsuitsoldpeople

A.AustralianShepherd.

B.AmericanLabrador.

C.Mastiff.

D.GreatPyrenees.

23.WhatdoMastiffandGreatPyreneeshaveincommon

A.Theyhavelittledesiretochase.

B.Theylovetolivewithotheranimals.

C.Theycanhelpprotectyourproperty.

D.Theygetprotectiveskillsfromhumans.

【答案】21.D22.B23.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四种适合带回家的犬类，并介绍了他们各自的特点。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据AustralianShepherd（澳大利亚牧羊犬）部分中“Thisrapidintelligencealsomakesthemexcellentattricktrainingifyoueverwanttobranchoutandteachthemtodootherthings.(这种敏捷的智力也使他们在技巧训练方面表现出色，如果你想扩展并教他们做其他事情的话。)”可知，澳大利亚牧羊犬擅长技巧训练。故选D项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据AmericanLabrador（米国拉布拉多）部分中“Theirloveoftheoutdoorscombinedwiththeirhappy-go-luckypersonalitiesmakesthemagreatmatchforthehomesteadlifestyle,whichmakesthemsuitablefortheelderlyathome.(他们对户外活动的热爱，加上他们随遇而安的性格，使他们非常适合居家生活方式，这使他们适合在家的老年人。)”可知，米国拉布拉多适合老年人。故选B项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据Mastiff（獒犬）部分中“Providingashelterforyourmastiff-typedogtostayoutsidewithyouranimalswillcauseanystealerstothinktwicebeforeenteringyourproperty.(为你的藏獒类型的狗提供一个庇护所，让他和你的动物呆在一起，这会让任何小偷在进入你的财产之前三思而后行。)”和GreatPyrenees（大白熊犬）部分中“Theirnaturallyprotectivenaturemeanstheyarehappytoworkasguarddogs,protectingallofthemfromstealers.(他们天生的保护天性意味着他们很乐意做看门狗，保护他们免受小偷的伤害。)”可知，獒犬和大白熊犬的共同点是他们都能保护你的财产。故选C项。

B

Wecanseeanicecreamstoreineverystreet,butnotallofthemhaveamission.WhenCharlesForemanwaslaidofffromhisposition,hedecidedtodosomethingtoimprovetheneighborhood.HethenranhisstoreEverydaySundae,locatedinatroubledareathathasseenitsshareofcrime.

WhatsetshisbusinessapartisthefreeicecreamthatForemangenerouslygivesout.Hetalkedaboutyoungvisitorswantingatreatoficecreamtheycouldn’tafford.“Youknowwhenkidscomein,youcannoticesomeofthekidshaveitandsomeofthekidsdon’thaveit.

SoI’mgoingtosponsorthem.Ijustwanttodosomepositivethings.Ibelievemycommunityisinneedofafamily-friendlyice.creamshop”Foremansaid.Foremanhasalsoorganizedeventslikestorybookreadingsaccompaniedbysweettreatsforlocalkids.

Withhisbusinessslogan“Aplaceforcommunity”,andartworksandcardsfromlocalkidsdecoratingthewalls,Foreman’sstorehasquicklygainedadevotedfollowing.Oneday,NicoleHarkin,oneofhisregularcustomers,noticedForemangaveafreeicecreamtokidswithoutmoney.

ForForeman,thiswasaconstantgesturethathadjustgoneunnoticed,butHarkinreactedwithsurprise.Shecamebackandhandedhimanenvelopecontaining100dollars.ForemanwassotouchedbyHarkin’sgiftthatheposteditonsocialmedia.ForemanandHarkin’skindbehaviorsalsoinspiredothercustomerstocoverForeman’sfreeicecreamsforpeopletheydidn’tknow.Foreman’sicecreamprojecthasreceivedmanydonationssincethen.

“Whenyouseepeopledoingtheirbest,youwanttodoyourbest.Everythingiscontagious,whetheryoudosomethingnegativeorpositive.That’sjustpartofbeinginthecommunity.We’resupposedtodoallwecantohelpeachother,Foremansaid.Visitorstotheshopstartedbuyingitemsforthepeopleinneed,whichstartedapay-it-forwardchain.

24.WhyisForeman’sstorespecial

A.Itsgoodsareintendedforkids.B.Itprovidesfreegoodsforlocals.

C.Itofferskidsicecreamforfree.D.Itsicecreamflavorsarevarious.

25.WhatdoesForemanwanttoconveyinparagraph2

A.Thesympathyforlocalkids.B.Theinspirationforhisaction.

C.Theadvantageofanicecreamshop.D.Themethodofrunninghisbusiness.

26.Whichwordcanbestdescribepeople’sattitudetoForeman’sstore

A.Dismissive.B.Critical.C.Negative.D.Appreciative

27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contagious”inthelastparagraphmean

A.Influential.B.Flexible.C.Unique.D.Sustainable.

【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了CharlesForeman被解雇后，他决定做些事情来改善邻里关系，他在一个治安混乱的地区开了一家名为EverydaySundae的店，为孩子们免费提供冰淇淋。他的行为得到了人们的感激和支持。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“WhatsetshisbusinessapartisthefreeicecreamthatForemangenerouslygivesout.(让他的生意与众不同的是Foreman慷慨地免费分发冰淇淋)”可知，Foreman的店因为为孩子们免费提供冰淇淋而特别。故选C。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“WhatsetshisbusinessapartisthefreeicecreamthatForemangenerouslygivesout.Hetalkedaboutyoungvisitorswantingatreatoficecreamtheycouldn’tafford.“Youknowwhenkidscomein,youcannoticesomeofthekidshaveitandsomeofthekidsdon’thaveit.(让他的生意与众不同的是福曼慷慨地免费分发冰淇淋。他谈到年轻的游客想要一份他们买不起的冰淇淋。“你知道，当孩子们进来的时候，你可以注意到有些孩子有，有些孩子没有)”可知，Foreman在第二段想表达他行动的灵感。故选B。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ForemanandHarkin’skindbehaviorsalsoinspiredothercustomerstocoverForeman’sfreeicecreamsforpeopletheydidn’tknow.Foreman’sicecreamprojecthasreceivedmanydonationssincethen.(Foreman和Harkin的善良行为也激励了其他顾客把Foreman的免费冰淇淋送给他们不认识的人。从那以后，Foreman的冰淇淋项目收到了很多捐款)”可推知，人们对Foreman商店的态度是感激。故选D。

【27题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Whenyouseepeopledoingtheirbest,youwanttodoyourbest.(当你看到人们竭尽全力时，你也想做到最好)”可知，当你看到人们竭尽全力时，你也想做到最好，说明事情都是有影响力的，会互相影响。故划线词意思是“有影响力的”。故选A。

C

Sinceourearliestschooldays,wegenerallyaccepttheideathatsomepeoplelearnfasterthanothers.However,accordingtoanewstudy,weactuallylearnatverysimilarratesgiventhesameopportunities.

Researcherslookedat1.3million“studentinteractions”acrossavarietyoflearningsoftwaretoolsusedby6,946learners,rangingfromlateelementarystudentstocollegestudents.Thegatheredstatisticscoveredavarietyoflearningtasks.

Thedatashowedthatacademicperformancegapscomefromdifferencesinthestartingpointoflearning,thelearningopportunityandaccesstosuchopportunity,ratherthananylearningrate.“Thisfurtherconfirmsthateducationaltechnologiescanprovidefavorablelearningconditionsthatmakeiteasiertolearnsomethingnew,likeasecondlanguage,”saysKenKoedinger,apsychologistatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvania.

“Wehaveallseencaseswheresomebodygetstoalearningoutcomesoonerthanapeer,”saysKoedinger.“Butwhatwedon’tusuallytrackiswheretheystarted.Ourresultsarenotcontradictingthatpeopleendupindifferentplaces,butaccountingforthefactthatwherestudentsarestartingfromcantellusalotaboutwheretheywillendup.”

Theteamsuggeststhatourbrainscantakedifferent“mentalroutes”tolearnsomething,whichmeansourlearningratesaren’ttoodifferent.Giventhesameopportunities,wecanallgettothesamepointinthewaythatbestsuitsourexperiencesandknowledge.

Thisisusefulinfiguringoutthebestwaystopassonknowledge.Thoughmanyfactorsworktogetherwhenitcomestolearning,theresearcherswanttoemphasizethatwe’reallcapableoflearning.

“Nomatterwhoyouare,youcanmakeit,”saysscientistPauloCarvalhofromCarnegieMellonUniversity.“Youmighthavehadfewerprioropportunitiesinyourlife,soitmaybeharderatfirstthanitisforotherpeople.Butyouwillmakejustasmuchprogressasanyoneelseaslongasyouholdontoyourlearning.”

28.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudy

A.Bydoingonlinesurveys.

B.Byintroducingaconcept.

C.Bycollectingdataonlearners.

D.Byconductingexperiments.

29.Whatcausesacademicperformancegapsaccordingtothestudy

AThelearningrate.

B.Thelearningoutcome.

C.Thelearningtask.

D.Thelearningopportunity.

30.Whatarewesupposedtodoaccordingtothenewstudy

A.Sticktoourlearninggoalswhereverwestart.

B.Takedifferentroutestolearnsomethingnew.

C.Tryeverymeanstoincreaseourlearningrate.

D.Seeklearningopportunitiesataveryyoungage.

31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext

A.HowCanYouLearnSomethingFaster

B.WhatIsBehindYourLearningProgress

C.WhyIsTheAchievementGapGrowing

D.WhereIsOurStartingPointOfLearning

【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究即一项新研究表明，人们在相同的学习机会下，学习速度非常相似。研究人员通过观察学习软件工具的130万个学生互动情况，发现学术表现差距主要来自学习起点和学习机会的差异，而不是学习速度。因此，研究人员强调，无论你是谁，你都有能力学习。只要坚持学习，你将取得与他人一样的进步。

【28题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researcherslookedat1.3million“studentinteractions”acrossavarietyoflearningsoftwaretoolsusedby6,946learners,rangingfromlateelementarystudentstocollegestudents.Thegatheredstatisticscoveredavarietyoflearningtasks.(研究人员观察了6946名学习者使用各种学习软件工具进行的130万次“学生互动”。收集的统计数据涵盖了各种学习任务。)”可知，该研究的开展是以通过收集学习者的数据的方式开展的。故选C。

【29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thedatashowedthatacademicperformancegapscomefromdifferencesinthestartingpointoflearning,thelearningopportunityandaccesstosuchopportunity,ratherthananylearningrate.(数据显示，学习成绩差距来自学习起点、学习机会和获得机会的不同，而不是学习速度。)”可知，研究表明，学习机会导致学业成绩差距。故选D。

【30题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中““Youmighthavehadfewerprioropportunitiesinyourlife,soitmaybeharderatfirstthanitisforotherpeople.Butyouwillmakejustasmuchprogressasanyoneelseaslongasyouholdontoyourlearning.”(“在你的生活中，你之前的机会可能更少，所以一开始可能比其他人更难。但只要你坚持学习，你就会取得和别人一样大的进步。”)”可知，新研究建议无论我们从哪里开始，都要坚持我们的学习目标，就会取得和别人一样大的进步。故选A。

【31题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Thedatashowedthatacademicperformancegapscomefromdifferencesinthestartingpointoflearning,thelearningopportunityandaccesstosuchopportunity,ratherthananylearningrate.(数据显示，学习成绩差距来自学习起点、学习机会和获得机会的不同，而不是学习速度。)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了一项新的研究即一项新研究表明，人们在相同的学习机会下，学习速度非常相似。研究人员通过观察学习软件工具的130万个学生互动情况，发现学术表现差距主要来自学习起点和学习机会的差异，而不是学习速度。因此，研究人员强调，无论你是谁，你都有能力学习。只要坚持学习，你将取得与他人一样的进步。由此B选项“WhatIsBehindYourLearningProgress(你学习进步的背后是什么)”概括文章的主要内容，文章对此问题进行了回答。故选B。

D

Howyoufoldapaperairplanecandeterminehowfastorhowfaritgoes.Alotofpeoplearriveatthebestdesignsthroughtrialanderror,andperhapsalittlebitofluck.Butthisquestionisnochild’splayfortheresearchersattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyLausanne.

“Seeminglyasimpletoy,thepaperairplaneactuallyshowscomplexaerodynamic(空气动力学的)behaviorswhicharemostoftenignored,”theresearcherssaid.“Whenthepaperairplaneislaunched,therearecomplexphysicalinteractionsbetweenthepaperstructureandthesurroundingair,leadingtoaparticularflightbehavior.”

Toexaminetherelationshipbetweenafoldingpatternandtheflight,theydevelopedaroboticsystemthatcanmakevariouspaperplanesandthentest,analyze,andmodeltheirflightbehaviors.Inthisexperiment,therobotmadeandlaunchedover500paperairplaneswith50differentdesigns.Thenitcollecteddataonhowfareachdesignflewandthecharacteristicsofthatflight.

Theresearcherssorteddifferentshapesroughlyintothreetypesof“behavioralgroups”.

Thefirsttypefollowsanosedive(俯冲)path,whichmeansashortflightdistancebeforelandingontheground.Thesecondtypedoesaglide(滑行),fallingataconsistentandrelativelycontrolledrate,andcoversalongerdistancethanthenosedive.Thethirdtypeisarecoveryglide,fallingsteadilybeforelevelingofandstayingatacertainheightabovetheground.

“Withthehighprecisionandautomationoftheroboticsystem,large-scaleexperimentscanbeperformedtoimprovedesign,”theresearchersnoted.“Therobotdesignercandeepenourunderstandingandexplorationofdesignproblems,andcouldotherwisebechallengingtoobserveanybehavior.”

Thisinsightcanalsoapplytothechangeableflightpathsofsmallflyingvehicles.“Thesemodelscanbeusedtoimproveareal-worldroboticdesigntoidentifywingshapesthatflyagivendistance,”theresearcherssaid.

32.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearchers’wordsinParagraph2

A.Itisdifficulttodesignaperfectpaperairplane.

B.Thereismoretoexploreaboutpaperairplanes.

C.Thepaperairplaneisapopulartoyforchildren.

D.Itislikelytocontrolpaperairplanes’behaviors.

33.Whatcantheroboticsystemdo

A.Promotepaperairplanestoflymuchfarther.

B.Leavepaperairplaneshighabovetheground.

C.Createpaperairplaneswithdifferentdesigns.

D.Changepaperairplanes’flightcharacteristics.

34.Whatdidtheresearchersexpecttodothroughtheexperiment

A.Enhancethedesignofairplanes.

B.Provetheprecisionofairplanes.

C.Predictthedevelopmentofairplanes.

D.Increasetheautomationofairplanes.

35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext

A.Researcherstesttheirinnovativeideasonpaperairplanes.

B.Researchersdesignareal-worldrobotwithpaperairplanes.

C.Researcherscandesignvariouswingshapesforpaperairplanes.

D.Researcherscreatearobottolearnmoreaboutpaperairplanes’flight.

【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员认为纸飞机的飞行行为非常值得研究，因此开发了一个机器人系统，制作各种纸飞机，对其飞行行为进行测试、分析和模拟，以此收集各种数据来改进设计。

【32题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中研究人员所说的话“Seeminglyasimpletoy,thepaperairplaneactuallyshowscomplexaerodynamic(空气动力学的)behaviorswhicharemostoftenignored(纸飞机看似是一个简单的玩具，实际上却表现出复杂的空气动力学行为，而这些行为往往被忽略)”和“Whenthepaperairplaneislaunched,therearecomplexphysicalinteractionsbetweenthepaperstructureandthesurroundingair,leadingtoaparticularflightbehavior.(当纸飞机发射时，纸结构与周围空气之间存在复杂的物理相互作用，导致特定的飞行行为。)”可知，纸飞机的飞行实际上非常复杂，涉及复杂的物理相互作用，但却被忽略了。由此推知，关于纸飞机还有很多值得探索的地方。故选B项。

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Toexaminetherelationshipbetweenafoldingpatternandtheflight,theydevelopedaroboticsystemthatcanmakevariouspaperplanesandthentest,analyze,andmodeltheirflightbehaviors.(为了研究折叠模式和飞行之间的关系，他们开发了一个机器人系统，可以制作各种纸飞机，然后测试、分析和模拟它们的飞行行为。)”可知，机器人系统可以制作不同设计的纸飞机。故选C项。

【34题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中研究人员所说的话“Withthehighprecisionandautomationoftheroboticsystem,large-scaleexperimentscanbeperformedtoimprovedesign(随着机器人系统的高精度和自动化，可以进行大规模的实验来改进设计)”可知，研究人员期待在实验中加强飞机的设计。故选A项。

【35题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了研究人员认为纸飞机的飞行行为非常值得研究，因此开发了一个机器人系统，制作各种纸飞机，对其飞行行为进行测试、分析和模拟，以此收集各种数据来改进设计。因此，D项“研究人员制作了一个机器人来了解更多关于纸飞机的飞行”可概括文章大意。故选D项。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

PapermakingiswidelyknownasoneoftheFourGreatInventionsofancientChinesecivilization.Amongdifferenttypesofpaper,Xuanpaperholdsanimportantplace.____36____,massiveancientdocumentsandartworksmightnothavesurvivedtilltoday.

RegardedasoneoftheFourTreasuresoftheStudy,XuanpaperhasalwaysbeenvaluedbytheChineseasasourceofpridesinceitisanecessarypartoftheChineseculture.____37____.

FiveOxenbypainterHanHuangisacknowledgedastheoldestChinesepaintingonXuanpaper.____38____.AccordingtotheNationalLibraryofChina,thereareabout30millionancientpaperbookspreservedinthelibrary,andmostofthemaremadeofXuanpaper.

Featuringasmoothsurface,puretexture(质地)andhightensilestrength,Xuanpaper’smostwell-knownfeatureisthatitcanbepreservedforalongtime.____39____Ifpreservedwell,itslongevitycanreachmorethan2,000yearswhiletheinkandcoloronitremainfreshandbright.

____40____,Xuanpapercanshowevidenteffectsofinkshownonthepaper.SoXuanpaperhasbecomeanextremelypopularmediumforcapturingandconveyingthesouloftraditionalChinesecalligraphyandinkwashpaintings.

A.Ifitwerenotforthepaper

B.ItisalsoawitnesstotheChinesehistory

C.Asithasahistoryofmorethan1,500years

D.Becauseithasexcellentwater-absorbingcapacity

E.Thequalitywillnotchangeformorethan1,000years

F.Theundamagedartpieceismorethan1,200yearsold

G.Uptonow,Xuanpaperhasnotyetbeenproducedbymodernmachine

【答案】36.A37.B38.F39.E40.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的宣纸的历史与相关文化

【36题详解】

上文“Amongdifferenttypesofpaper,Xuanpaperholdsanimportantplace.(在各种纸张中，宣纸占有重要的地位。)”提到了宣纸有重要地位，下文“massiveancientdocumentsandartworksmightnothavesurvivedtilltoday.(大量的古代文献和艺术品可能不会保存到今天。)”提到了对古代文献和艺术品的作用，所以A选项“如果不是因为纸张”与下文构成假设关系，符合题意。故选A项。

【37题详解】

上文“RegardedasoneoftheFourTreasuresoftheStudy,XuanpaperhasalwaysbeenvaluedbytheChineseasasourceofpridesinceitisanecessarypartoftheChineseculture.(作为文房四宝之一，宣纸一直被中国人视为骄傲的源泉，因为它是中国文化的必要组成部分。)”提到了中国文化，选项B中Chinesehistory是关键词与上文的Chineseculture呼应，所以B选项“它也是中国历史的见证”能承接上文，符合语境。故选B项。

【38题详解】

上文“FiveOxenbypainterHanHuangisacknowledgedastheoldestChinesepaintingonXuanpaper.(画家韩煌的《五牛》被认为是中国最古老的宣纸画。)”提到了中国最古老的宣纸画，选项F中artpiece是关键词指代上文的《五牛》这一作品，所以F选项“这件完好无损的艺术品已有1200多年的历史”能承接上文，符合语境。故选F项。

【39题详解】

上文“Featuringasmoothsurface,puretexture(质地)andhightensilestrength,Xuanpaper’smostwell-knownfeatureisthatitcanbepreservedforalongtime.(宣纸表面光滑，质地纯净，抗拉强度高，最广为人知的特点是可以保存很长时间。)”提到了宣纸的质量，E选项中quality是关键词与上文内容呼应，所以E选项“质量一千多年不变”能呼应上文，符合语境。故选E项。

【40题详解】

下文“Xuanpapercanshowevidentef