中考一轮语法复习名词

中考一轮语法复习名词【名词】一切有生命和无生命的物体的名称名词分类名词的数可数名词复数的规则变化students,teachers,treesdesk一desksstudents,teachers,treesdesk一desksbuses;watches,boxes,dishes,glassesfamilies;partiesmonkeys;holidays;boysradios,videos,zoosnegroes,heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,mangoes.以s,x,ch,s,ss结尾的名词，加es.特殊：stomach-stomachs.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es.以元字母加y结尾的名词，直接加s..常见的以。结尾的一般加s,特殊：可以总结为“黑人英雄爰吃土豆西红柿和芒果二.以f和fe结尾的名词，大多数改f/fe为ves半片树叶自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀狼，小偷架后逃命亡thieves,wives,knives,wolves,lives,selveshalves,leaves,shelves,少数直接加S巧记：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上gulf,roof,chief,serf,belief,proof,handkerchief.名词双子座。A座：当杠号相连构成复合定语时，相连部分的名词永保单数。【前有冠，后有名，杠相连，永保单】Heisaone-year-oldboy.B座：当杠号相连构成复合名词变复数的规则。【有人加人后，无人加最后，代词不是人】Thisisallweare,lookers-on.Janeisalmostagrown-up.中考高频、易错考点考点高考频易错点名词词义理解(不)同类名词词义辨析、抽象名词词义辨析、名词词义近义名词词义辨析名词的数单数变复数、名词数量的表达不可数名词数量的表达名词所有格可数名词复数的-'S所有格并列名词的」S所有格高考频易错题典例名词词义辨析TheNewYorkTimesisapopulardailyA.Dictionary B.magazine C.newspaper D.guidebook高考频易错题解题秘笈中考常考名词解题必备知识advantage优点benefit好处，益处choice选择contribution贡献decision决定difference差别,差异entertainment娱乐活动environment环境fun乐趣，快乐hono(u)r荣幸，荣誉importance重要（性）instruction指小，命令interview采访，面试invention发明memory记忆，回忆mistake错误pride自豪，骄傲progress进步，进展purpose目的，意图relationship关系suggestion建议tradition传统名词高考频易错考点真题专练一、单项选择（2020・贵州铜仁,中考真题）一Tokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful,thearealwaysverybusyinthestreet.一Theyshouldberespectedbyallthepeople.A.drivers B.postmen C.firemen D.cleaners（2022,山东东营,中考真题）The地〃Resent（黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区）istheofmorethansixmillionbirds.A.area B.home C.house D.family（2022,内蒙古呼和浩特•中考真题）一Itwascarelessofyoutomakesuchamistake.Letthatbeatoyou!一OK.Filbemorecareful!A. condition B.competition C. lesson D.hobby（2022,贵州黔西,中考真题）TheofthisconcertistoraisemoneyfbranewFangcanghospital.A. activity B.purpose C. question D.reason（2022•辽宁营口・中考真题）一InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.一Oh,that'sinteresting!!wanttoknowmoreChinese.A.events B.policies C.festivals D.traditions（2022,江苏镇江•中考真题）Listeningtomusicandwatchingfilmsarebothrelaxingformsof.A.achievement B.agreementC・development D.entertainment（2022,江苏常州•中考真题）Althoughthematchismovinginanunexpected,ourteamwillwinfinally,Ibelieve.A.instruction B.introductionC.position D.direction（2020•广东•东莞市南城开心实验学校一模）Theareplayinggameswiththeirontheplayground.A.child;womanteachersBA.child;womanteachersB・child;womenteachersC.children;womenteachers D.children;womanteachers（2022,安徽,模拟预测）一CouldyougivemesomeonlearningEnglish?一Ithinkyoushoulddomorereading.A.advice B.newsC.messages D.information（2022•湖北•阳新县富川中学模拟预测）一ThelandingofChina'srover（登陆车）ZhurongonMarsisalandmarkofChina'sspaceindustry.—Yes.greatprogressChinahasmadeinitsspaceexploration.A.What B.Whata C.How D.Howa（2021•广西•都安瑶族自治县教学研究室三模）rdliketobuysomeinthesupermarket.A.chickenandpotatoesB.chickensandpotatoC.chickenandpotatoD.chickensandpotatos（2022•广西•环江毛南族自治县教育局三模）一Iheartherearethreeforeignstudentsinyourclass.一Yes.Oneisanandtheothertwoare.A.Australian,Germans B.Australians,GennenC.Australians,Germans D.Australian,Germen.（2021•辽宁,模拟预测）theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemareteachers.A・Anumberof;women B.Anumberof;womanC.Thenumberof;women D.Thenumberof;woman（2022•重庆•一模）Thehospitalisfromhere.A.fortyminutestwalk B.fortyminutedwalkC.fortyminuteswalkD.fortyminutes9walk（2022•西藏拉萨•一模）一Whoseroomisthis?—It,s.A.LucyandLily B.Lucy'sandLily'sC.LucyandLily's D.Lucy'sandLily（2022•四川凉山•一模）motherscan'tcometoschoolonSchoolDaybecausetheyhavetowork.A.BobandAlan's B.Bob'sandAlan's C.BobandAlan D.Bob'sandAlan（2018•湖北黄石•模拟预测）一Mary,thispairofglovesforyou.一nicesurprise!A.is;Whata B.are;WhataC.is;How D.are;How（2022,云南,开远市教育科学研究所二模）一isthepopulationofYunanaccordingtotheseventhnationalpopulationcensus（人口普查）？一Thereareover47millionpennanentresidents（常住人□）inYunnan.A.What B.HowmanyC.HowmuchD.Howold（2019•广东•——模）Morethan60percentofChineseteenagersdon'tgetsleepadayandhomeworkisthoughttobethekeyreason.A.eight-hoursB.eighthour'sC.eighthour D.eighthours9（2012•浙江温州•二模）一Hi,whafswrongwiththegirlfromJapan?一Oh,shefeelslonely,shehasfriendsinChina.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle二、用所给单词的正确形式填空（2021・江苏,模拟预测）ThatcoupleofFrench（music）workattractsusdeeply.（2023,西藏,墨竹工卡县中学模拟预测）Thebabyhasonlytwo（tooth）now.（2020♦上海浦东新,二模）Theretiredpilotenjoystellingabouthiscareertothestudents.（story）（2020•湖南常德•模拟预测）Boys,don'tplaywiththese（knife）.Theyaredangerous.（2021•江苏•模拟预测）TheseChinese（invent）namesaredifficulttoremember,buttheircontributionsarereallygreat.三、根据汉语提示填空（2021•云南曲靖•二模）Myhouseisfarawayformtheairport.Soit'saboutdrivefrommyhousetotheairport.（两小时的）（2022•浙江,宁波市镇海教师进修学校一模）Tomakealiving,many（渔夫）hadtogooutonsuchadirtynight.（2020•云南红河・模拟预测）Pleasewritedownthenamesonthep叩errightnow.（hero）（2021,江苏,模拟预测）It'snecessarytorecord（乘客）temperaturesbeforetheygetonboard.（2020,江苏苏州,一模）Wehaven'tdecidedwhichclubsor（协会）tojoin.四、汉译英：整句.（2020•山东潍坊•一模）潍坊变得如此美丽，每年有很多游客来到这里。（so…that）.（2021•江苏•模拟预测）狼跑得比羊快两倍。.（2022•辽宁・丹东市第十九中学二模）那两个女航天员是多么勇敢啊！（汉译英）.（2020•山东滨州•一模）这会帮助人们理解保护环境的重要性。（theimportanceof）.（2022・江苏・仪征市第三中学模拟预测）老师们应该鼓励孩子们积极参加各项户外活动。touch-me-nots含羞草 go-betweens中间人fathers-in-law岳父forget-me-nots勿忘我 lookers-on旁边者7.名词修饰名词。【前不变后变，有man,woman,前后都要变】1.十名女老师tenwomenteachers.五棵苹果树fiveappletrees.六位男警察sixpolicemen.三个继子 threesons-in-law.围观的人 lookers-on行人passers-by成人grown-upsThisisallweare,lookers-on.Janeisalmostagrown-up.Therestoodacrowdoflookers-on.那站了一群围观的人。7.不同国籍人的单复数中日（瑞士，Swiss葡萄牙Portuguese）不变，英法荷变en,其它加s中国人Chinese日本人Japanese英国人Englishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenDutchman-Dutchmen美国人American-s俄国人Russian-s罗马人Roman-s希腊人Greek-s德国人German-s瑞典人Swede-s2.2可数名词复数的不规则变化.变内部兀音fbot-feettooth-teethgoose-geesemouse-mice（老鼠）-mouses（鼠标）.单复数同形deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,aircraft（飞机，飞行器）,means（方式方法手段），speciesbymeansof借助于注意：神奇的鱼：a.鱼的条数fish-fishb.鱼肉【U】c.鱼的种类【C】奇妙的鸡chick-chicks小鸡chicken鸡肉[U]chickens大鸡[C].美元，英镑，法郎等都有复数形式adollar,twodollars,apound,twopounds,afranc,francs.集体名词）形单意复people,police,cattle,crew,youth本身就是复数，谓语用复数（但是可以说aheadofcattle,20headsofcattle）注意：cow-cows奶牛ox-oxen公牛theChinese/British/French/English/Japanese/Swiss,表示国民总成用复数eg.TheChineseareindustriousandbrave,中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。family,class,team,government,crowd,public看成整体用单数，看成个体，谓语用复数。【集体名词墙头草,可单可复两边倒】d.当mankind,man,humanity做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数b.news为不可数名词c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.d.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名也视为单数。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingstorybook.—千零——夜是——本有趣的书。e.两条腿走路的名词，需要借助量词，如，glasses,trousers,scissors,clothes,借助量词pair,suitf.有些名词，复数形式表示特别意思，如goods货物，waters水域，arts文科，aims武器，clothes衣物，greens青菜,sands沙滩zages时代，customs海关,looks外貌，papers论文，works作品，工厂peoples民族forces军队lines台词times时代,manners礼貌contents目录savings存款2.3不可数名词数的表示不可数名词的数应该借助于可数的量词来表达，用〃数词/冠词+量词（单/复）+of+不可数名词〃的结构来表示数量（注意：该结构作主语时，谓语的单复数应该和量词保持一致）常考不可数名词：fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,baggage,luggage,butter,equipment,furniture,homework,practice,wealth,housework.七大不可数名词：【如果你想在工作上取得进步，我给你一条建议，坐在家具上，边收拾垃圾，边看天气信息】work,progress,advice,furniture,rubbish,weather,information不可数名词三原则.不可数名词作主语，按单数处理。Waterisimportantfbrus..不可数名词的量词可数。aglassof-twoglassesof.当时间，金钱，距离，重量作主语时，谓语动词用单数Fiveyuanisnotenough..4不可数名词转化为可数名词.抽象名词表示具体的事时也可数Thepartyisabigsuccess.这次聚会事一个巨大的成功。【类】asurprise一件令人吃惊的事adifficulty一件难事.表示〃一场，一段，一件，一种"时，要用a或an,此时多用形容词或of短语修饰，如afinerain一阵细雨，aheavysnow一场大雪，alongtime很长一段时间.有些不可数名词，无论什么情况下也不可以转化为可数名词，比如advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewelry,clothing等.一些物质名词前可以加不定冠词，或数词，但是意思发生改变。acoffee一杯咖啡twodrinks两杯饮料=1\¥0cupsofdrinkthreeteas三杯茶.七大变形金刚【玻璃有时间做头发，有空间去锻炼，有经验做纸】a.glass玻璃【U】b.time时间【U】c.hair头发【U】d.room空间【U】玻璃杯[C]次数[c] 零星几根[c]房间[c]e.exercise锻炼【U】v.f.paper纸[U]练习【C】 试卷，论文【C】2.5名词前的修饰语.只修饰可数名词的有each,either,neither,another,these,those,both,afew,several,many,a(large)numberof,scoresof,dozensof,agreat/goodmany,acoupleof几个，manya许多,morethanone不止一个，quiteafew相当多的等.只修饰不可数名词的有alittle,much,abitof,agreatdealof,a(large)amountof,quitealittle,agreatdealof很多.既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词的有some,any,half,most,all,alotof,lotsof,plentyof.suppliesof,enough,most大多数aquantityof,quantitiesof,(由quantity单复数决定谓语动词的单复数)massesof大量的，amassof大量的三.名词所有格’s和of.单数名词词尾加'stheboy^bag..复数名词词尾以及以s结尾的名词后加'theboss，book,theworkers9struggleTeachers'DayMother'sDayFather'sDayChildren'sDay.凡是不能加s的名词，都可以用〃名词+of+名词"的结构表示所有关系thetitleofthesong.表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家，名词所有格的后面常不出现所修饰名词thebarber's,thetailor's裁缝店atthedoctor's在医务室atTom's在汤姆家atmyaunt'sthe+姓氏飞表示…家房子theSmith飞the+姓氏s表示…一家人theSmiththe+职业's表示…的店thebutcher's肉店.如果两个名词并列，共有A+B飞各有A，s+B飞John'sandMary'sroom,JohnandMary'sroom.复合名词或短语，飞加在最后一个词的词尾amonthortwo'sabsence一个月或两个月的缺席.双重所有格apictureofmybrother（我兄弟的一张照片）vsapictureofmybrother's（我兄弟拥有的一张照片）.另类所有格：表时间、距离+'sa.一个三天的假期aholidayofthreedaysathreedays'holidayathree-dayholidayb.一个二十分钟的路程awalkoftwentyminutesatwentyminutes9walk/rideatwenty-minutewalk9.部分用to表达所有格的名词（钥匙，答案，桥和路，出入口的所有格都用to）thekeytothedoortheanswertothequestion=thekeytothequestionthebridgetotheknowledgethewaytotheschooltheexittothebuilding theentrancetothehall四.名词辨析noise,sound,voicepeople,person,populationjob,work,careernews,information,message,instructionpraise,pride,proudnstrument,instruction,invention,invitationsight,view,scene,scenerysign,signal,mark,symbolaward,reward,prizecause,reason,excusepower,strength,force,energyjourney,voyage,trip,tour,travelhaveagoodjourneytravelagencyquestion,problemfew,afew,little,alittle五、易混词性honest/honestyaffect/effecthealthy/healthwealthy/wealth5.succeed/successpatient/patiencedifficult/difficulty8.breathe/breath巩固练习.AlltheinourschoolenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8thbecauseitwastheirownholiday.A.menteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteacherD.menteachersA.menteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteacherD.menteachers.Theproblemsaredifficulttosolve.PleasegivemeA.manyadvice B.someadvice3.Thisisandroom.A.manyadvice B.someadvice3.Thisisandroom.myfather;motherC.myfather^;mother'sC.anadvice D.someadvicesmyfather^;motherD.myfather;mother's.WhenPetercomes,pleaseaskhimtoleavea.A.notice B.message C.sentence.一.WhenPetercomes,pleaseaskhimtoleavea.A.notice B.message C.sentence.一Howfarisyourteacher'shomefromhere?-It'sabouttwodrive.A.hour's B.hours C.hours'.Afteryearsofwar,thepeopleinSyriaarethirstyforA.price B.noise C.peaceD.informationD.hourD.courseAfterreadingthenovelTreasureIsland,Paulhasmorethanbeforebecauseofthemaincharacter,braveJim.A.humourB.wealthC.luckD.courageA.humourB.wealthC.luckD.courageD.informationD.interviewsD.fishesporridgeD.informationD.interviewsD.fishesporridgeThefoodsafetyisaseriousinourcountry.Weshouldtrytosolveit.A.subject B.program C.problem D.opinion一Listen!Whoissinging?一It'sBetty.Shehasasweet.A.sound B.voice C.noise D.speechTheboydidn'tsleepwellbecauseofthefromthedog.A.voice B.noise C.music D.songGreatforfootballlovers-morethan50,000soccerschoolswillbebuiltinourcountrybytheendof2025.A.news B.message C.situation一Willyoufixupthemachineaccordingtothe,David?一Noproblem.A.instructions B.inventions C.invitations—Whatkindofporridgewouldyoulike,Alice?一Iwouldlike.A.eggporridge B.eggsporridge C.fishporridgesCouldyougivesometothestudents?A.advice;boyB.advices;boysC.suggestion;boyD.suggestions;boys.1willneedabouttheclimatebeforeImakethefinaldecision.A.afewinformation B.alittleinformationsC.alittleinformation D.afewinformationsMyaunthasbeautifullong,butIcanseesomewhite.A.hair;hairB.hairs;hair C.hair;hairs D.hairs;hairs一Mum,Fveheardthatwecan'teatthesedays.Isittrue?一Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.A.chicken B.chickens C.achicken D.thechicken一Leo,doyouknowwhothegirlinthephotois?——Yes,sheislittlesister.A.Ruby'sandJason9s B.RubyandJasonC.Ruby'sandJasonD.RubyandJason9sIt'snotagoodforstudentstogoonlinejustforanswerstohomework.A.skill B.game C.hobby D.habit—Mom,whichisthebetterforme,aseniorhighschooloravocational（职业的）highschool?一EitherisOK.It'suptoyourfutureplan.A.choice B.result C.experience D.news—I'mnotsurewhattowriteaboutTheSecretGardeninthereport.—Youshouldreadsomeaboutthebookbeforewriting.A.reviews B.reasons C.results D.rewards—Haveyoupaidthe?一Yes.It'stenmoredollarsthismonth.A.bill B.price C.value D.menuYoucanseetheinourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubt B.pride C.regret D.abilityOveronehundredyearsago,theworldrecordforthe100-metreracewas10.6secondsA.man B.man's C.men D.men'sTomalwaysforanhoureveryday,butheneverdoesmath.A.exercise;exercisesB.exercise;exerciseC.exercises;exerciseD.exercises;exercisesUSscientistEdwardT.Hallsaid