北京市东城区2022-2023学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版）

第20页/共20页东城区2022-2023学年度第二学期期末统一检测高二英语本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用(共三节，40分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。JeremyLockewhoownsaroofingandconstructioncompany,hadalwaysbeenwantingto___1___theroofofJeanetteMacDonald’shome.Wheneverhedrovepastthewoman’shome,he___2___thatanothergroupofrepairmenhadtakenonthejob.Butasweeksworeon,theroofcontinuedtoworsenwithoutany___3___ofrepair.“Ihaditinmymindthatifnoonestepsuptohelpthisladyinourcommunity,I’dloveto,”saidLocketohiswife.WhenLockefinally___4___MacDonaldaboutfixingherroofforfree,however,shepolitelyturnedhimdownbecauseshedidnotliketoaccept___5___.ShetoldLocke,“Iappliedforagovernmentgrant(补助金)tofixtheroofandI’llbemorethanhappyto___6___youoncethegrantapplicationwasapproved”.___7___,theapprovalnevercame.SoLockechangedtactics(策略).Thesympatheticconstructionworkerplayeda/an___8___tricktomakeheraccepthishelp.HeinvitedMacDonaldtoenteraraffle(抽奖)thathisbusinesswasholdingforafreeroof.AfterMacDonaldgotoneoftheraffletickets,Locketoldherthatshewasthe___9___.NotuntilthenewroofwasfinisheddidMacDonaldknowthatshewastheonlyonewhohadenteredtheraffle.MacDonaldsaidthatshedidn’tknowhowtoexpressher____10____toLocke,sayingthathewasher“guardianangel”.1.A.design B.repair C.decorate D.construct2.A.announced B.acknowledged C.assumed D.appreciated3.A.signs B.hope C.means D.need4A.wentalongwith B.kepttrackof C.lookedoutfor D.reachedoutto5.A.charity B.apologies C.advice D.invitations6.A.award B.thank C.trace D.hire7.A.Unknowingly B.Naturally C.Unfortunately D.Gradually8.A.unpleasant B.innocent C.mean D.cheap9.A.joiner B.owner C.helper D.winner10.A.gratitude B.generosity C.sympathy D.blessing【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D5.A6.D7.C8.B9.D10.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个温暖的故事：25岁善良的JeremyLocke千方百计地帮助JeanetteMacDonald家免费修理坏掉的屋顶，并说了一个白色谎言让老人安心接受。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：拥有一家屋顶和建筑公司的JeremyLocke一直想修理珍妮特麦克唐纳家的屋顶。A.design设计；B.repair修理；C.decorate装饰；D.construct建造。根据“anothergroupofrepairmenhadtakenonthejob.”可知，此处表示他想要修理Jeanette的屋顶。故选B。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当他开车经过那个女人的家时，他就认为是另一群修理工接手了这项工作。A.announced宣布；B.acknowledged承认；C.assumed认为；D.appreciated感激。根据“Wheneverhedrovepastthewoman’shome,”可知，当他经过Jeanette家，以为有人修理她家屋顶。故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但几周过去了，屋顶状况继续恶化，没有任何修复的迹象。A.signs迹象；B.hope希望；C.means方式；D.need需要。根据“theroofcontinuedtoworsen”可知，Jeanette家屋顶没有修复的迹象。故选A。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当洛克最终向麦克唐纳提供免费修理屋顶时，麦克唐纳礼貌地拒绝了他，因为她不喜欢接受慈善。A.wentalongwith赞同；B.kepttrackof跟踪；C.lookedoutfor留心；D.reachedoutto向……伸出援手。根据“shepolitelyturnedhimdown”可知，Jeanette拒绝了洛克免费给她修理屋顶，reachouttosb.固定搭配，意为“向某人伸出援手”。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，当洛克最终向麦克唐纳提供免费修理屋顶时，麦克唐纳礼貌地拒绝了他，因为她不喜欢接受慈善。A.charity慈善；B.apologies道歉；C.advice建议；D.invitations邀请。根据“aboutfixingherroofforfree”可知，这是在做慈善。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，她对洛克说:“我申请了政府拨款来修屋顶，一旦拨款批准，我将非常乐意雇佣你。”A.award授奖；B.thank感谢；C.trace追踪；D.hire雇佣。根据“Iappliedforagovernmentgrant(补助金)tofixtheroof”可知，Jeanette不想接受无偿帮助，想等到有钱了雇佣洛克。故选D。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，批准一直没有来。A.Unknowingly不知道；B.Naturally自然；C.Unfortunately不幸；D.Gradually逐渐。根据“theapprovalnevercame.”可知，批准一直没有来，这是不幸的事情。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那位富有同情心的建筑工人耍了一个无伤大雅的把戏，使她接受了他的帮助。A.unpleasant不愉快的；B.innocent无伤大雅的；C.mean吝啬的；D.cheap便宜的。根据“HeinvitedMacDonaldtoenteraraffle(抽奖)thathisbusinesswasholdingforafreeroof.”可知，这是一个无伤大雅的把戏。故选B。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦克唐纳拿到一张奖券后，洛克告诉她，她是赢家。A.joiner结合者；B.owner主人；C.helper帮手；D.winner胜利者。根据“NotuntilthenewroofwasfinisheddidMacDonaldknowthatshewastheonlyonewhohadenteredtheraffle.”可知，麦克唐纳是赢家。故选D。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：麦克唐纳说，她不知道如何向洛克表达自己的感激，说他是她的“守护天使”。A.gratitude感激；B.generosity大方；C.sympathy同情；D.blessing祝福。根据“sayingthathewasher‘guardianangel’.”可知，麦克唐纳向洛克表达了自己的感激。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。In2013,alotofpeoplewereshockedbyanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearthat____11____(find)onNorway’sArcticislandofSvalbard,farfromitshabitat.Allthatremainedofthepoorbearwere“skinandbones”.Expertsclaimedthatlowseaicelevels____12____(cause)byclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore,soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.This____13____(alarm)caseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehadanimpactonEarth’secology.【答案】11wasfound12.caused13.alarming【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了2013年，很多人都被一张新闻照片震惊了。在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上，人们发现了一只死去的北极熊，那里离它的栖息地很远。【11题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：2013年，很多人都被一张新闻照片震惊了。在挪威的北极斯瓦尔巴群岛上，人们发现了一只死去的北极熊，那里离它的栖息地很远。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，先行词polarbear和定语从句中的谓语动词find为被动关系，结合该句前面动词wereshocked可知，此处应为过去时，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构，且that指代先行词adeadpolarbear，是单数。故填wasfound。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家称，气候变化导致的海冰下降意味着北极熊不能像以前那样捕食海豹，所以它必须走更远的距离才能找到食物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，lowseaicelevels和动词cause为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填caused。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：这一令人震惊的案例表明，气温升高对地球生态产生了多大的影响。根据句意以及空后case为名词可知，此处为形容词alarming“令人担忧的”作定语，满足句意要求。故填alarming。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DeanSchneiderleaveshislifeinSwitzerlandbehindandgoestoAfrica____14____(pursue)hispassionandmaketheworldabetterplace.Hewasalwaysfascinatedbytheanimalworldsincehewasachild.Thatis____15____hedecidedtoformaclubtohelplionsbornincaptivity(圈养).Thenameoftheclubis“HakunaMipaka”—aSwahiliexpressionmeaning“nolimits”.ItdevelopsfromfivecorevaluesthatDeantrieshardtofollow:____16____(free),loyalty,appreciation,brotherhood,andboldness.【答案】14.topursue15.why16.freedom【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了DeanSchneider离开瑞士，前往非洲追求他的激情并使世界变得更美好的故事。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：DeanSchneider离开了他在瑞士的生活，去非洲追求他的激情，让世界变得更美好。句中goes为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的作状语，使用不定式结构。故填topursue。【15题详解】考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么他决定成立一个俱乐部来帮助圈养的狮子。设空处引导的是表语从句，引导词在从句中作原因状语，thatiswhy意为“那就是为什么……”符合句意。故填why。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：俱乐部的名字是“HakunaMipaka”——斯瓦希里语，意思是“没有限制”。它从DeanSchneider遵循的五个核心价值观发展而来：自由、忠诚、欣赏、兄弟情谊和勇敢。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，与后文的loyalty,appreciation,brotherhood,andboldness构成并列结构。free为形容词，其名词为freedom，意为“自由”，不可数。故填freedom。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ConstructionoftheTowerofPisabeganin1173____17____Pisawasacenterofpowerandwealth.Butworkwasstoppedseveraltimesbecauseofwars.Theeight-storytowerwasnotcompleteduntilthelate1200s.Thetoweritselfismadeofmarble(大理石)and____18____(weigh)16000tons.However,theleaningofthetowerwasnotforitsweights____19____forthesoilunderneath.Thegroundis____20____(soft)ononesidethanontheother.Thesouthsidehassunk6.1feetbelowgroundlevelinthepastcenturies.Thenorthsidehassunk12.3feet!【答案】17.when18.weighs19.but20.softer【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了意大利的比萨斜塔。【17题详解】考查定语从句。句意：比萨斜塔始建于1173年，当时比萨是权力和财富的中心。分析句子可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词1173，且关系词在从句中作时间状语成分。应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这座塔本身是由大理石建成的，重达16000吨。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由and连接的谓语ismadeof可知，句子为一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词weigh应用三单形式，和ismadeof是并列关系。故填weighs。【19题详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，塔的倾斜不是因为它的重量，而是因为下面的土壤。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语not…but…“不是……而是……”，满足句意要求。故填but。【20题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：一边的地面比另一边软。由该句中的than可知，此处为形容词比较级形式作表语。故填softer。第三节(共4小题;每小题2.5分，共10分)根据中文意思和括号内所给的提示词，翻译下面句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。21.在美国最受欢迎的中国菜是“左宗棠鸡”，它在油炸的鸡肉上淋上甜酱，再佐以煽炒过的红辣椒制成。(consistof)America’smostpopularChinesedishisGeneralTao’schicken,______friedchickencoveredinasweetsauce,flavouredwithhotredpeppers.【答案】consistingof【解析】【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。表示“由……组成”应用consistof，句子已有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，GeneralTao’schicken和consistof为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填consistingof。22.警察问登山者为什么在遇到危险时他们延迟发出求救信息。(delay,send)Thepolicemanaskedtheclimbers______SOSmessageswhenindanger.【答案】whytheydelayedsending【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句、动词时态和短语。动词后是宾语从句，为什么是why引导宾语从句，主语是they，根据asked可知，从句中用一般过去时，“延迟做某事”是delaydoing，“发送”是send，故填whytheydelayedsending.23.这些图片是水墨动画电影的代表。你看过这些电影吗?(representative)Thesepictures______inkwashanimationfilms.Haveyouseenanyofthembefore?【答案】arerepresentativeof【解析】【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和形容词。根据汉语提示，句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“……的代表”用固定搭配berepresentativeof，representative“有代表性的”是形容词作表语；句子的主语为thesepictures，是复数，所以be动词应该用are。故填arerepresentativeof。24.防止网络游戏控制青少年的生活至关重要。（prevent）Itisessential______fromdominatingateenager’slife.【答案】topreventonlinegames【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词短语。根据汉语可知，空处表示“防止网络游戏”，结合提示可知，“防止”应用动词prevent，构成固定短语preventsb./sth.from(doing)sth.，且句子使用了Itisessentialtodosth.的固定句型，prevent需用不定式形式toprevent；“网络游戏”应用名词短语onlinegames。故填topreventonlinegames。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，28分)第一节(共9小题;每小题2分，共18分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHaveyoueverfantasizedabouthoweasylifewouldbewithapersonalassistanttakingcareofallthe“littledetails”?Nowadays,youcangetlotsoftheadvantagesofanAIassistantrightonyourphoneorcomputer.Usinganyoftheseappswillhelpyouimproveyourefficiencyandproductivitywithasingleclick—whetheryouareatworkoratcollege,oranythingelseinbetween.SogoforthanddownloadthebestAIassistants:

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EasilyDoEasilyDoofferspersonalassistantservicesfocusedoncommunications.Withjustafewclicksyoucancustomizeyouremailnotifications,backupimportantmessages,organizeyourcontacts,havejunkandexpiredemailsautomaticallydeleted,andcollectattachmentsandreceiptsintoone,fast-accesslocation.

Time.AIBeforeyoucanimproveyourproductivityhabits,youneedtoknowwhereyou’respendingyourtime.Time.AIdoesexactlythat.Itrecordshowmuchtimeyou’respendingonthedifferentappsandwebsites.Onceithasafullreportitwillshowyouyourstatisticsandtellyouwhenyou’vebeenproductiveandwhenyouhaven’t.Withthereport,youcansetdaily“FocusWork”goalsanditwillkeeptrackofittomakesureyou’redoingtheworkyouwanttodo.Time.AIgivesyoua30-dayfreetrialandwillgiveyouaspecialpricedependingonyouruniqueneeds.25.Whichofthefollowingcanofferhelptolocateanidealhotel?A.Utter.AI. B.Nound. C.StayFocusd. D.EasilyDo.26.“Time.AI”istohelpyou______.A.takenotes B.understandyourneedsC.keepfocused D.detailyourdailyroutine27.Thepassageiswrittento______.A.emphasizetheimportanceofAIassistantsB.recommendsomeAI-poweredappsC.offeradvicetopersonalassistantsD.explainthewayappswork【答案】25.B26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是五个提高工作效率的人工智能助手。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据Nound部分中“Noundistheperfectvoiceassistantresearchingtoolyouneed.Itdoesn’tjustallowyoutosearchforthenearestsubway,orwhattheweatherwillbelike,withafurtherquestionortwoyoucangetmorein-depthresults.(Nound是您需要的完美语音助手研究工具。它不仅能让你搜索最近的地铁，或者天气如何，再问一两个问题，你就能得到更深入的结果。)”可知，如果想要定位到理想中的酒店，可以问询Nound几个问题，就可以得到答案。故选B。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据Time.AI部分中“Onceithasafullreportitwillshowyouyourstatisticsandtellyouwhenyou’vebeenproductiveandwhenyouhaven’t.Withthereport,youcansetdaily“FocusWork”goalsanditwillkeeptrackofittomakesureyou’redoingtheworkyouwanttodo.(一旦有了完整的报告，它会向你显示你的统计数据，告诉你什么时候你有效率，什么时候没有。有了这份报告，你可以设定每天的“重点工作”目标，它会跟踪你的目标，确保你在做你想做的工作。)”可知，Time.AI可以帮助你跟踪你在不同的应用程序和网站上花费了多少时间，并提供一份报告来显示你什么时候高效，什么时候低效。有了这些信息，你就可以设定每天的目标，并专注于你想做的工作由此可知，“Time.AI”帮助你保持专注。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Usinganyoftheseappswillhelpyouimproveyourefficiencyandproductivitywithasingleclick—whetheryouareatworkoratcollege,oranythingelseinbetween.SogoforthanddownloadthebestAIassistants(使用这些应用程序中的任何一个都可以帮助你提高效率和生产力，只需点击一下——无论你是在工作还是在大学，或者在两者之间的任何地方。所以去下载最好的人工智能助手吧!)”可知，本文的目的是向读者推荐能够提高效率和生产力的人工智能助手。故选B。BInthemiddleofSanFrancisco’sGoldenGatePark,AmandaBarrowscarefullyplacedawoodennightstand(床头柜)ontheground.Sheattachedasignreading,“Takeapoem,leaveapoem.”“It’scompletelyunexpected,”saidBarrows,aparkranger(管理员)bydayandapoetbynight.“I’mreallytakenabackbytheoutpouringofsupport.”Barrowshasalwaysconsideredherselfawriter,sosheenrolledinaclasscalledPoetryforthePeople.Thefinalprojectoftheclassistofindawayto“bringpoetryintothecommunity”.AtfirstBarrowsstruggledtolandonanidea.Eventually,sherealizedthatshecouldfuseherloveforparksandherloveforpoetry.AcoworkergaveBarrowsaweatherednightstand.Shethoughtitwouldbetheperfecttoolforherproject.Shefilledthedraweratthetopwithfreshpaperandpensandaddedaboxatthebottomforpoems.Togettheballrolling,sheaskedherclosefriendstoaddtheirfavoritepoemstothedrawerforpeopletotakeaway.ThepoetrynightstandremindedherofLittleFreeLibraries.Thatprojectfeaturesbookstandsstationedacrossthecity.Peoplecanleaveandtakebooksfromlittlelibraries.Sheonlyhadasinglenightstandtoworkwith,soBarrowsdecidedthatshewouldleaveitinaparkforfourdaysbeforemovingittoanewlocation.SanFrancisco’sRecreationandParkDepartmentmanagesabout220parks,andBarrow’sgoalistobringthepoetrynightstandtoallofthem.Sincetheprojectstarted,peoplehaveaddedawiderangeofwriting.Barrowssharesmostofthesubmissionsonsocialmedia.Someareclearlycomposedbykids,whileothersaremorerefined.Peoplehavealsowrittenpoemsinvariouslanguages.“Ilovetoseedifferentpeople’shandwritingandsharetheirpersonalwords,”Barrowssaid.TheinstructorsofPoetryforthePeoplesaidthenightstandfulfilledthemainpurposeoftheproject.Otherstudentsintheclasswrotepoetryonsidewalkswithchalk.Anothergaveoutpoemsdisguisedasparkingtickets.TaneaLunsfordLynx,aguestinstructorfortheclass,saystheprojectis“aninvitationtoslowdown”.Shebelievesthattheold-fashionednightstandstandsoutinacitythatisfilledwithnewtechnology.Barrowssayssheintendsto“keepthisgoingindefinitely,”andshehopesotherswillbuildofftheprojectandcontributetheirowncreativity.“Itreallyisacommunityproject,”Barrowssaid.“Itbelongstoallofus.”28.WhydidBarrowsputthenightstandinthepark?A.Tosharepoetrysubmissions. B.TofollowLittleFreeLibraries.C.Toadvertiseapoetryclass. D.Tocompletearequiredtask.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fuse”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Combine. B.Reveal. C.Strengthen. D.Clarify.30.WhatdoweknowaboutBarrow’sproject?A.Ithasinvolved220parks. B.Itispopularonsocialmedia.C.Itimprovespeople’shandwriting. D.Itmakespoetryreachmorepeople.【答案】28.D29.A30.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了旧金山公园管理员巴罗斯发起了一个诗歌项目，在公园里放置了一个床头柜，写着“取一首诗，留一首诗”，结果引起了很大反响，许多人参与到这个项目中来。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Atfirst,Barrowsstruggledtolandonanidea.Eventually,sherealizedthatshecouldfuseherloveforparksandherloveforpoetry.AcoworkergaveBarrowsaweatherednightstand.Shethoughtitwouldbetheperfecttoolforherproject.”（一开始，巴罗斯绞尽脑汁想出了一个主意。最终，她意识到她可以把对公园的热爱和对诗歌的热爱结合起来。一位同事给了巴罗斯一个风化的床头柜。她认为这将是她项目的完美工具。）可推知，巴罗斯把床头柜放在公园里是为了完成所需的任务。故选D项。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“InthemiddleofSanFrancisco’sGoldenGatePark,AmandaBarrowscarefullyplacedawoodennightstand(床头柜)ontheground.Sheattachedasignreading,“Takeapoem,leaveapoem.”(在旧金山的金门公园中央，阿曼达·巴罗斯小心翼翼地在地上放了一个木制的床头柜。她贴了一个牌子，上面写着:“拿一首诗，留一首诗。”)”可知，在公园里进行这个诗歌项目，结合第四段中“Atfirst,Barrowsstruggledtolandonanidea.”（一开始，巴罗斯绞尽脑汁想出了一个主意。）以及划线单词句中“…herloveforparksandherloveforpoetry.”（对公园的热爱和对诗歌的热爱……）可推知，在公园里进行这个诗歌项目，这说明她将对公园的热爱和对诗歌的热爱结合起来。故可猜测，划线单词fuse为“结合”的意思，结合选项A项Combine“结合，联合”意思一致。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Barrowssayssheintendsto“keepthisgoingindefinitely,”andshehopesotherswillbuildofftheprojectandcontributetheirowncreativity.“Itreallyisacommunityproject,”Barrowssaid.“Itbelongstoallofus.””（巴罗斯说，她打算“无限期地继续下去”，她希望其他人能在这个项目的基础上再创辉煌，贡献自己的创造力。“这真的是一个社区项目，”巴罗斯说。“它属于我们所有人。”）可推知，巴罗斯的项目使诗歌接触到更多的人。故选D项。COverlytechnicallanguageinsciencearticlesdoesn’tjustmuddythewatersfornon-experts—itcanalienatereaders,potentiallyshuttingthemoutfromscientificdiscussionandknowledge.That’stheconclusionofastudypublishedintheJournalofLanguageandSocialPsychology,anditappliestogeneral-interestarticlesjustasmuchastoscientificpapers.“Whenwehaveahardtimeconceptualizinginformation,webecomereallyscaredofit,”saysleadauthorHillaryShulman,acommunicationresearcher.Scientistscancreate“unnecessarybarriers”withwords,shesays.Thestudyinvolved650membersofthegeneralpublicwhoreadparagraphsonthreecutting-edgetopics:self-drivingcars,roboticsurgeryand3Dbio-printing.Themembersaredividedintotwogroups:fortheexperimentalgroup,theparagraphswereloadedwithjargonterms(行业术语),suchas“remoteergonomicconsole”;forthecontrolgroup,theparagraphswerewrittenwithwordsthatarefamiliartomostreaders,suchas“separatecontrolpanel”.Afterreadingthepassages,thestudyparticipantsratedtheirexperienceinaseriesofquestionnaires.Thosewhoreadjargon-filledparagraphsweremorelikelytosaythattheyhaddifficultyunderstandingthelanguageandtheinformation.Theywerealsosignificantlymorelikelytosaythattheyweren’tgoodatscience,andlesslikelytosaythattheywouldseekoutinformationonthetopicinthefuture.Someoftheparticipantswhoreadthejargon-heavytextreceivedlinkstodefinitionsoftechnicalterms,butthatdidn’treducetheirfrustrationsorenhancetheirfeelingsofunderstanding.Scientistscanlearntocutbackontheiruseoftechnicallanguagewhentalkingtopeoplewhoarenotresearchers,saysAyeletBaram-Tsabari,ascience-communicationresearcher.Sheco-authoredaJanuarystudyshowingthatscientistswithmediatrainingcanwritearticlesthatarejustasengagingaspieceswrittenbyprofessionaljournalists.“Avoidingjargonisafundamentalpartofthat,butit’snotthewholestory,”shesays.Toreallyconnectwiththepublic,sherecommendsthatscientiststellastorythat’srelevanttotheaudience.Membersofthepublicaren’ttheonlyoneswhocanbeturnedoffbyjargon,Shulmansays.Studentscanbe,too.“Iteachaclasswith400undergrads,”shesays.“Whenyou’retrainingpeople,youcanintroducejargonwithalittlemoresensitivity.You’retryingtoinvitethemintotheenvironment.”Ofcourse,technicalwordsstillhaveanimportantfunctioninscience.Shulman’spaperisitselfheavilyloadedwithtermssuchas“metacognition”and“self-schema”.“Theironyofthatisnotlostonme,”shesays.“Whenitcomestoscientificliterature,youcan’tgetanythingpublishedunlessit’sfullofjargon.Scientistswanttospeaktootherscientistsinthemostprecisewaypossible.”31.Inthestudy,participantsintheexperimentalgroupprobablyfindthemselves______.A.lackinginelementaryreadingskillsB.uninterestedinreadingdefinitionsofjargonC.incompetenttodealwithcomplexinformationD.notconfidentaboutgraspingnewsciencetopics32.AccordingtoBaram-Tsabari,scientistshadbetter______.A.publicizescienceinamoreaccessiblewayB.receivethetrainingforprofessionaljournalistsC.limitjargonincommunicationwitheachotherD.conductextensiveresearchrelatedtothepublic33.WhatdoesShulmanthinkofusingjargoninherpaper?A.Disadvantageous. B.Shameful.C.Unavoidable. D.Tricky.【答案】31.C32.A33.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学文章中过于技术性的语言不仅会让非专业人士感到困惑，还会疏远读者，潜在地将他们排除在科学讨论和知识之外。这是发表在《语言与社会心理学杂志》上的一项研究得出的结论，它既适用于科学论文，也适用于普通文章。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Thosewhoreadjargon-filledparagraphsweremorelikelytosaythattheyhaddifficultyunderstandingthelanguageandtheinformation.(那些阅读充满专业术语的段落的人更有可能说他们在理解语言和信息方面有困难。)”可知，在这项研究中，实验组的参与者可能发现自己没有能力处理复杂的信息。故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Toreallyconnectwiththepublic,sherecommendsthatscientiststellastorythat’srelevanttotheaudience.(为了真正与公众建立联系，她建议科学家们讲述一个与观众相关的故事。)”可知，根据Baram-Tsabari的说法，科学家最好以一种更容易理解的方式宣传科学。故选A。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Whenitcomestoscientificliterature,youcan’tgetanythingpublishedunlessit’sfullofjargon.Scientistswanttospeaktootherscientistsinthemostprecisewaypossible.”(“当涉及到科学文献时，你不能发表任何东西，除非它充满了专业术语。科学家们希望以尽可能精确的方式与其他科学家交谈。”)”可推知，舒尔曼认为在她的论文中使用术语是不可避免的。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyoufeellikeyoucanrememberthingsbetterwhenyouactivelyengagewiththeinformationandcreateyourownversionofit?____34____Thisphenomenonhasimportantimplicationswhenitcomestounderstandinghowpeoplelearn.Testsonthegenerationeffectshowthatwhenusersencounteralistofwordspresentedintheformoffragments(片段),theywillengageseveralareasofthebraintocreatewordstofillintheblanks.____35____Researchersbelievethisisbecauseofthedeeperlevelofcognitive(认知的)engagementinvolvedintheprocessofcreatingnewwords.Teachersandinstructorsneedtobeawareoftherolethegenerationeffectcanplayintheclassroom.Studentswhojustreceivewrittenmaterialtheycanreadmaynotunderstanditasfullyasstudentswhoengagewithitbytakingnotes,completingwritingexercises,andsoforth.____36____Ratherthangivingstudentsalistofcorrectlyspelledwordsandaskingthemtomemorizeit,theteachercanaskstudentstocompleteworksheetswheretheymustfillinblankstospellthewords.____37____Ifastudentsimplyreadsatextbook,he/shewillnotabsorbtheinformationaswellaswhenhe/shetakesnotesandrecreateschartsandothermaterialspresentedinthebook.Studentspreparingforanexaminationmayfindithelpfultowriteoutmaterialfromthetext,rephrasingintheirownwordsasappropriatetomakesuretheyfullyunderstandthematerial.____38____Inaword,itallboilsdowntoactivelearningversuspassivelearning.Spendingafewminutesactivelyproducingcontentmayjustbethethingyouweremissinginyourlearningroutine.A.That’scalledtheGenerationEffect.B.Forstudents,thegenerationeffectcanalsobeimportant.C.Whentheyareaskedtorepeatthelistlater,theirrecallwillbebetter.D.Acommonexampleofthegenerationeffectcanbeseeninspellinglessonsforyoungstudents.E.Thesimpleactofwritingcantrigger(激发)thegenerationeffectandhelpthestudentsperformbetteronexaminations.F.Theywillfindthatactivelyusingnewinformationmaycreaterelationshipsbetweentasksinexaminations.G.Theprocessofgeneratingcontentmayinitiatesomeparticularencoding(编码)processesthatdonothappenwhensimplyreading.【答案】34.A35.C36.D37.B38.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生成效应对学习的影响。【34题详解】上文“Doyoufeellikeyoucanrememberthingsbetterwhenyouactivelyengagewiththeinformationandcreateyourownversionofit?(你是否觉得当你积极地参与信息并创造自己的版本时，你能更好地记住事情?)”提出一种现象，下文“Thisphenomenonhasimportantimplicationswhenitcomestounderstandinghowpeoplelearn.(这一现象对于理解人们如何学习具有重要意义。)”说明这一现象对于理解人们如何学习具有重要意义，A项“That’scalledtheGenerationEffect.(这就是所谓的生成效应。)”点明这一现象，承上启下，同时呼应第二段中“Testsonthegenerationeffectshow...”。故选A项。【35题详解】上文“Testsonthegenerationeffectshowthatwhenusersencounteralistofwordspresentedintheformoffragments(片段),theywillengageseveralareasofthebraintocreatewordstofillintheblanks.(对生成效应的测试表明，当用户遇到以碎片形式呈现的单词列表时，他们会让大脑的几个区域参与进来，创造单词来填补空白)”提到一个用碎片形式呈现的单词列表进行的生成效应测试，C项“Whentheyareaskedtorepeatthelistlater,theirrecallwillbebetter.(当他们稍后被要求重复这个列表时，他们的记得更好。)”承接上文，给出了测试的结果，句中“thelist”照应上文中“alistofwordspresentedintheformoffragments(片段)”，“createwordstofillintheblanks”照应下文中“theprocessofcreatingnewwords”。故选C项。【36题详解】下文“Ratherthangivingstudentsalistofcorrectlyspelledwordsandaskingthemtomemorizeit,theteachercanaskstudentstocompleteworksheetswheretheymustfillinblankstospellthewords.(比起给学生一张拼写正确的单词列表并要求他们记住它，老师可以让学生完成工作表，在那里他们必须填空拼写单词。)”用拼写课上的情况来证明生成效应的作用，是对D项“Acommonexampleofthegenerationeffectcanbeseeninspellinglessonsforyoungstudents.(生成效应的一个常见例子可以在青少年学生的拼写课上看到。)”的承接，给出具体事例，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。【37题详解】下文“Ifastudentsimplyreadsatextbook,he/shewillnotabsorbtheinformationaswellaswhenhe/shetakesnotesandrecreateschartsandothermaterialspresentedinthebook.Studentspreparingforanexaminationmayfindithelpfultowriteoutmaterialfromthetext,rephrasingintheirownwordsasappropriatetomakesuretheyfullyunderstandthematerial.(如果学生只是简单地阅读课本，与通过做笔记、重新创建图表和书中呈现的其他材料的方式比起来，他/她就不能很好地吸收信息。准备考试的学生可能会发现，从课文中写下材料，并用自己的话适当地复述，以确保他们完全理解材料，这是很有帮助的。)”通过举例说明生成效应对学生学习的重要作用，B项“Forstudents,thegenerationeffectcanalsobeimportant.(对学生来说，生成效应也很重要。)”总领全段，同时句中“alsobeimportant”表明与上一段“Teachersandinstructorsneedtobe...”的并列关系。故选B项。【38题详解】上文“Studentspreparingforanexaminationmayfindithelpfultowriteoutmaterialfromthetext,rephrasingintheirownwordsasappropriatetomakesuretheyfullyunderstandthematerial.(准备考试的学生可能会发现，从课文中写下材料，并用自己的话适当地复述，以确保他们完全理解材料，这是很有帮助的。)”提到学生通过写下材料来准备考试，E项“Thesimpleactofwritingcantrigger(激发)thegenerationeffectandhelpthestudentsperformbetteronexaminations.(简单的写作行为就能触发生成效应，帮助学生在考试中取得更好的成绩。)”承接上文，说明写下材料能触发生成效应，让学生取得好成绩，句中“performbetteronexaminations”与上文“Studentspreparingforanexamination”相照应。故选E项。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第39题2分，第40题2分，第41题3分，第42题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。THEGROWINGPROBLEMOFE-WASTETheterme-wasteisshortfor“electronicwaste”.Itreferstoelectricalorelectronicproductsthatarethrownawaywhentheyarenolongerneeded.Theseincludecomputers,te