哈尔滨市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（7）及答案

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精哈尔滨市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（7）及答案Ifwomenaremercilesslyexploited（剥削）yearafteryear,theyhaveonlythemselvestoblame.Becausetheytrembleatthethoughtofbeingseeninpublicinclothesthatareoutoffashion,theyarealwaystakenadvantageofbythedesignersandthebigstores。Clotheswhichhavebeenwornonlyafewtimeshavetobeputasidebecauseofthechangeoffashion.Changingfashionsarenothingmorethantheintentionalcreationofwaste。Manywomenspendlargesumsofmoneyeachyeartoreplaceclothesthathavehardlybeenworn.Womenwhocannotaffordtothrowawayclothinginthisway,wastehoursoftheirtimechangingtheirold-fashioneddresses。Skirtsarelengthenedorshortened;neck—linesareloweredorraised,andsoon.Noonecanclaimthatthefashionindustrycontributesanythingreallyimportanttosociety.Fashiondesignersarerarelyconcernedwithnecessarythingslikewarmth，comfortanddurability（耐用）。Theyareonlyinterestedinoutwardappearanceandtheytakeadvantageofthefactthatwomenwillputupwithanyamountofdiscomfort,aslongastheylookright。Therecanhardlybeamanwhohasn’tatsometimeinhislifesmiledatthesightofawomanshakinginathindressonawinterday,orpickingherwaythroughdeepsnowinhighheeledshoes.Whencomparingmenandwomeninthematteroffashion,theconclusionstobedrawnareobvious.Dotheconstantlychangingfashionsofwomen’sclothes，onewonders，reflectbasicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability?Menaretooclevertoletthemselvesbecheatedbyfashiondesigners。Dotheirunchangingstylesofdressreflectbasicqualitiesofstabilityandreliability（稳定耐用）？Thatisforyoutodecide.45。Designersandbigstoresalwaysmakemoney______。 A.bymercilesslyexploitingwomenintheclothingindustry B。becausetheyaregoodatpredictingnewfashions C.byconstantlychangingthefashionsinwomen'sclothing D。astheyattachgreatimportancetoqualityinwomen'sclothing46。Tothewriter，thefactthatwomenchangetheirold-fashioneddressesisseenas______。 A.awasteofmoney B。awasteoftime C.anexpressionoftaste D。anexpressionofbeauty47。Newfashionsinclothingarecreatedfor______。 A.thecommercialexploitationofwomen B.thewomen'sstrengthofcharacter C。basicqualitiesofinconstancyandinstability D.animportantcontributiontosociety48。Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______. A。women’sinconstancyinchoosingclothesisoftenlaughedat B。womenarebetterabletoputupwithdiscomfort C。menarealsoexploitedgreatlybyfashiondesigners D。menaremorereasonableinthematteroffashion参考答案45—48CBAD＊*＊＊***＊**＊＊*＊＊**＊＊******＊****＊＊＊*＊***＊＊****＊*＊＊＊＊*＊＊*＊结束动词及动词短语精讲教案一、短语动词的构成英语中的动词，按其构成，可分为单词动词（single—wordverb)和短语动词(phrasalverb）。短语动词指由两个或两个以上单词构成的动词.这种动词主要有三种组合形式：1.动词+介词Iagreewith（与……看法一致）youonthatpoint。Beforelonghetookto(爱上）agirlstudentinhisclass.2。动词+副词Ican'tfigureout(理解)whyhesaidthat.UncleTompassedaway（去世）manyyearsago。3。动词+副词+介词Wedon’tgoinfor（喜欢）thatkindofthing.Icouldn’tputupwith（忍受)thenoiseanylonger。在"动词+副词+介词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开。另外，还需要注意的是，以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配，这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较：(1)Thelightswentout.（2)Heputonhiscoatandwentout.例(1）中的wentout（熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例（2）中的wentout(出去)不是短语动词，went是动词，out是副词,作状语.一般说，动词兼有及物和不及物用法时,会有两种情况:一是其应用语境和词义会有不同;二是在同一个释义下，可及物又可不及物。这种情况下，它们的区别在于，使用不及物时，强调主语的特征、性质.简单理解就是,可触及之物，和不可触及之物。能触摸到的是实物，不可触摸的是虚幻的，抽象的概念。give"，Iwillgive…，give的是什么呢，这不完整，说明give是助动词，必须加宾语，可以说Iwillgiveyouabook.这个give就是及物动词.接下来再举一例，“listen”，Iamlistening，意思完整，不用加宾语意思就完整，这个词就是不及物动词，不是说不及物动词就不能加宾语，也能加，但是加的时候要加一个介词，如listentome，一定要加介词。例如：Thechildrenarelisteningtothemusic。（listen是不及物动词）westudyEnglisheveryday。（study是及物动词）二、及物与不及物短语动词由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用，有的起不及物动词的作用。短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思。因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的，用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如:Hetookoffhiscoatwhenheenteredthehouseandputitonagainwhenhewentout。（takeoff是及物短语动词)Thereisoftenaspectators'balconyatairports,wherepeoplecanwatchtheplanestakingoffandlanding。(takeoff是不及物短语动词)及物动词必须加宾语意思才完整的动词。不及物动词,就是不必加宾语意思就完整的动词。The16thNationalBookFairheldinTianjinonMay18th,2008.（错误）在表示“举办活动等”时，hold是一个及物动词，要求带宾语;如果不使用宾语，则直接使用其被动语态，可以写成：The16thNationalBookFairwasheldinTianjinonMay18th，2008。（正确）及物不及物的区别:根据动词其后是否带有宾语,分为及物动词（TransitiveVerb）、不及物动词（IntransitiveVerb），缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:a．主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须直接接宾语。可以用于:"主＋谓＋宾"；”主＋谓＋双宾"；”主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构。如:HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday。Pleasehandmethebookoverthere.Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem。类似的还有：buy，catch，invent,found，like,observe，offer，prevent,promise，raise，find，forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat，supply，select,suppose,show,make,take，tell.。。.b．主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不能直接接宾语，动词后要加一个介词。只能用与：”主＋谓”结构。ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived.类似的还有：agree，go,work，listen，look，come，die,belong,fall,exist，rise，arrive,sit，sail,hurry，fail，succeed.。。。c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin都是作”开始”讲.everybody,ourgamebegins。letusbeginourgame.类似的还有：start,answer，sing，close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare，pay,hurt,improve。..。d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散”。wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted.作及物动词时是"升高；举起"。Heliftedhisglassanddrank。类似的还有：beatvi。跳动vt。敲、打；growvi.生长vt。种植playvi.玩耍vt。打（牌、球），演奏smellvi。发出（气味）vt。嗅ringvi.(电话、铃）响vt.打电话speakvi。讲话vt.说（语言)hangvi。悬挂vt.绞死operatevi.动手术vt。操作三、及物短语动词宾语的位置w.w.w。k。s.5。u。c.o。m1。名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末。例如：Iamlookingformyglasses.2.个别短语动词，其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后。例如:Iamgoingtoseetheguestsoffattheairportthisafternoon。3。对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面，也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如：We'llhavetoputofftheparty.或者We'llhavetoputthepartyoff.4.代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾。例如:Iamlookingintoit.5。代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away，down，in，off,out,up.四、及物短语动词后接动词宾语的问题1.及物短语动词后接动词宾语时，要用该动词的动名词形式。例如：Heinsistedonbuyingthiscar。2.有些短语动词后面可接不定式。例如：Mostofthememberscalledonthemayortoresign.3。有的短语动词既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意思差别很大，goondoing和goontodo就是典型的例子。3.动词兼有及物和不及物用法时，注意使用上的区别例如：a。MyEnglishhasimprovedalot.b.MyEnglishhasbeenimprovedalot.同样都说“我的英语有了很大提高。”a只描述了事实，并不含有是怎样提高的；而b则会隐含是怎样经过努力提高的.例如：MyEnglishhasbeenimprovedalot（withthehelpofaforeignteacher).回到本文这个作文题目，表达“书市开幕”，使用动词open，就有可能用到其及物和不及物用法，如：The16thNationalBookFairopenedinTianjinonMay18th，2008.这里“open"为不及物动词；The16thNationalBookFairwasopenedinTianjinonMay18th，2008。这里“open”为及物动词。英语里的动词,大部分都是兼有及物和不及物用法，在使用中要特别加以注意。4。动词兼有其他词性时，在使用上要注意不要引起歧义有很多动词还具有其他词性,例如：like可以是动词，还可以是介词。例如：Ilikeplayingfootballverymuch.(like为及物动词）Idon'tfeellikeplayingfootballrightnow.（like为介词）open可以是动词，还可以是形容词。例如:The16thNationalBookFairopenedinTianjinonMay18th，2008.(open为动词）The16thNationalBookFairwasopeninTianjinfromMay18th,2008.（open为形容词）需要注意的是，在使用动词open时，更强调动作，所以对应开幕当天；而要使用形容词open时，更强调状态，所以对应开幕时间段，句子中的介词使用了“from…（to)…"动词兼有其他词性时,在使用上既要注意不同词性对应出的不同语境，还要注意，由于词性不同，可能词义也不同，不要由于误用引起歧义，闹出笑话。＊＊***＊＊****＊＊＊**＊＊＊＊＊＊＊*＊＊＊*＊＊＊＊*＊*＊＊****＊***＊＊＊***＊＊*结束AFiveyearsago,DavidSmithworeanexpensivesuittoworkeveryday.“Iwasaclothesaddict,”hejokes.“IusedtocarryafreshsuittoworkwithmesoIcouldchangeifmyclothesgotwrinkled。"TodayDavidwearscasualclothes,pantsandsportsshirttotheoffice.Hehardlyeverwearsanecktie。“I'mworkingharderthanever，”Davidsays，“andIneedtofeelcomfortable.”[来MoreandmorecompaniesareallowingtheirofficeworkerstowearcasualclothestoworkintheUnitedStates.Thechangefromformaltocasualofficewearhasbeengradual.Intheearly1990s,manycompaniesallowedtheiremployeestowearcasualclothesonFriday(butonlyonFriday).Thisbecameknownas“dress-downFriday”of“casualFriday”。“Whatstartedoutasanextraone-day-a—weekbenefitforemployeeshasreallybecomeaneverydaything.”saidbusinessconsultantMaislyJones.Whyhavesomanycompaniesstartedallowingtheiremployeestowearcasualclothes?Onereasonisthatit’seasierforacompanytoattractnewemployeesifithasacasualdresscode。“Alotofyoungpeopledon’twanttodressupforwork，”saystheownerofasoftwarecompany,“soit’shardtohirepeopleifyouhaveaconservativedresscode。”Anotherreasonisthatpeopleseemhappierandmoreproductivewhentheyarewearingcomfortableclothes.InastudyconductedbyLeviStraussandCompany,85percentofemployerssaidthattheybelievethatcasualdressimprovesemployeemorale。Only4percentofemployerssaidthatcasualdresshasanegativeimpactonproductivity。Supportersofcasualofficewearalsoarguethatacasualdresscodehelpsthemsavemoney.“Suitsareexpensive，ifyouhavetowearoneeveryday,"onepersonsaid。“Forthesameamountofmoney,youcanbuyalotmorecasualclothes。”56.DavidSmithreferstohimselfashavingbeen“aclothesaddict,”because_______.A。heoftenworepantsandasportsshirtB。hecouldn’tstandacleanappearanceC。hewantedhisclothestolookneatallthetimeD.hedidn'twanttospendmuchmoneyonclothes57.DavidSmithwearscasualclothesnow，because_______。A。theymakehimfeelateasewhenworkingB。hecannotaffordtobuyexpensiveclothesC.helookshandsomeincasualclothesD。henolongerworksforanycompany58.Accordingtothispassage，whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Companyworkersstartedtodressdownabouttwentyyearsago。B.Dress-downhasbecomeaneverydayphenomenonsincetheearly1990s。C.“Dress-downFriday”wasfirstgivenasafavorfromemployers。D。Manyworkerswanttowearcasualclothestoimpresspeople.参考答案**＊＊***＊***＊＊＊＊＊＊＊****＊＊*****＊＊**＊*＊＊＊*＊＊＊*＊＊*＊*＊*******结束Normallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesinordertograduate，andeachcoursewhichheattendsgiveshimacreditwhichhemaycounttowardsadegree。InmanyAmericanuniversitiesthetotalworkforadegreeconsistsofthirty—sixcourses，eachlastingforonesemester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks；whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfivecoursesduringeachsemester。Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryearsattendingtwosemesterseachyear。Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofworkforthedegreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomovebetweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhisdegreecourse，thoughthisisnotinfactdoneasaregularpractice。Foreverycoursethathefollowsastudentisgivenagrade，whichisrecorded，andtherecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowtofutureemployers。Allthisimposesaconstantpressureandstressofwork,butinspiteofthissomestudentsstillfindtimeforgreatactivityinstudentaffairs。Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarousemuchenthusiasm。Theeffectiveworkofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedbystudentswhoadvisetheacademicauthorities。Anystudentwhoisthoughttohavebrokentherules,forexample,bycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt。Withtheenormousnumbersofstudents,theoperationofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity。Astudentwhohasheldoneofthesepositionsofauthorityismu