医学英语第三讲.课件

第二讲医学论文摘要的分类与要求论文摘要的作用

FunctionThefunctionoftheabstractofascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatthereadersknowthemainstoryandafewessentialdetailsofyourworkwithoutreadingthewholetextofthepaper.Theabstractshouldmakesensebothwhenreadaloneandwhenreadwiththepaper–URMSMJ摘要分类

AbstractClassification通报性或指示性摘要（indicativeabstract）通报论文主题，不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果，一般用现在时表述。如：

Freetransferoftwoundamagedfingersfromanon-replantableleftarmtoamutilated（断肢的）righthandina16-month-oldboyisreported.报道性或资料性摘要（informativeabstract）告诉读者研究的总体情况，使他们了解研究的背景（background）目的（purpose）材料（materials）方法（methods）结果（results）结论（conclusion），以及存在的问题（problems）

资料性摘要分类

ClassificationofInformativeAbstracts

非结构式（non-structured）或传统型结构式（structured）全结构式（full-structured）半结构式（semi-structured）非结构式摘要

Non-structuredAbstracts

p.105Parenteralntnutrition-inducedgallbladderdisease:AreasonforearlycholecystectomyPatientswhoreceivelong-termparenteral（不经胃肠的）nutritionhaveanincreasedincidenceofbothcalculousandacalculouscholecystitis.【研究背景】InanattempttoestablishguidelinesforclinicalmanagementofpatientswithTPN-inducedgallbladderdisease,wereviewedtherecordsof35patientswhounderwentcholecytectomyforthisproblemfrom2000to2002attheUCLAMedicalCenter.【目的】Themeanageofthe23adultsand12childrenwhohadcholecystectomywas29.1years.Fortypercentofthesepatientsrequiredemergencycholecystecotmy.【材料和方法】Theoveralloperativemorbiditywas54percent,andthehospitalmortalitywas11percent.Significantfactorscontributingtothishighrateofcomplicationsincludedadelayindiagnosis,especiallyintheyoungchildren,andincreasedoperativedifficultyduetoextensiveadhesionsandintraoperativehemorrhage.【结果】Ouranalysissuggeststhatpatientsreceivinglong-termTPNshouldhaveaprogramofultrasoundsurveillanceforgallbladderformation,electivecholecystectomywhenstonesfirstappear,andconsiderationofcholecystectomyatthetimeoflaparotomyperformedforotherreasons.【结论】WhetherTPN-inducedgallstonescanbepreventedthroughdailystimulatedgallbladderemptyingawaitsresultsoffuturestudies.【前瞻性说明】摘要中时态的应用

UseofTense目的部分：背景介绍：一般现在时或现在完成时目的说明：一般现在时/现在完成时，或一般过去时材料、方法和结果部分：除指示性说明外，一律用一般过去时过去完成时只用于说明研究前的情况或研究中某一点时间之前发生的情况结论部分：现在时－普遍适用的结论过去时－适用于本研究条件实例分析1

ExampleAnalysis1笑气吸入分娩镇痛的临床观察与护理（南京军区福州总医院）目的观察分娩时笑气吸入后镇痛效果及其应用的护理。方法将2000年10月至2001年10月拟阴道分娩的初产妇120例随机分为两组，即观察组（笑气组）和对照组，比较两组分娩的镇痛效果和产程进展。结果观察组产妇组分娩时疼痛明显减轻，个别产妇有轻度副反应，但停止吸入笑气后立即消失。结论笑气吸入用于分娩镇痛的效果好，且产程相对缩短，对母婴无明显不良影响。标题

TitleTheObservationofEffectionandNursingofUsingLaughingGasinLabor问题：1．用笑气干什么？2．effection？3.读者不能从标题得到有关“笑气”的新信息Revised:Nursingobservationonanalgesiaofusinglaughinggasinhalationinlabor：Acomparativestudy目的

Purpose/ObjectiveWeobservetheeffectandnursingofusinglaughinggasinlabor.问题：1.时态2.观察笑气的什么作用？3.观察你自己的护理？Revised:Toobservetheanalgesicoutcomeofusinglaughinggasinhalationinlaboranddiscusstherelatednursingstrategy.方法

MethodsThesevaginaldeliveryparturientsweredividedintothesectionsofobservation(usinglaughinggas)andcontrolbetweenOctober2000andOctober2001.问题：1.多少产妇，初产妇还是经产妇？2.笑气使用途径？剂量？时间？3.controlgroup病人的性质，有无使用止痛措施？4.分组原则是什么？

Revised:120primigravidpregnantwomenundergoingvaginaldeliverybetweenOct.2000andOct.2001weredividedintotwogroups:thelaughinggasgroup(n=?)andthecontrolgroup(n=?)using…asmeansofanalgesiaaccordingtothepatients’informedconsent.Theanalgesicoutcomesofthetwogroupswerecomparedusingthe0-10PainScale.结果

ResultsWhentheparturientsusinglaughinggasinlabor，theirpaincanbereleasedobviously.somehavesecondaryreactions，suchasdizzinessanddrowsiness.Butthesecondaryreactionscanbeabolishedonlywhenwestoppingusingthisgas

问题一大堆Revised:Deliverypainwasmarkedlyrelievedinthelaughinggasgroup（2versus8ofthecontrolgroup);mildadversereactionssuchasdizzinessanddrowsinesswerereportedinindividualpatients,buttheysoonsubsidedwiththediscontinuationoflaughinggasinhalation.结论

ConclusionLaughinggascanbeusedinlabortoreleasepain，andhavenobadeffecttothepartuientsandthebabies.问题：1.没有对照的结论是没有意义2.与结果部分描述有矛盾Revised:Theanalgesicoutcomeoflaughinggasinhalationwasgood;itshortenedthecourseoflabor,andnoseriousadversereactionswereobservedinneithermothersnornewborns.实例分析2

ExampleAnalysis2讨论：以下摘要的主要问题是什么？盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液不良反应的观察与护理目的减少并控制盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液应用的不良反应。方法对917例静脉滴注盐酸左氧氟沙星注射液的病人进行观察，统计不良反应的发生例数，及其症状体征，并采取积极的治疗护理措施。结果917例患者中发生不良反应共33例（3.59%），经医护人员的精心治疗与护理无一例出现严重并发症，均康复出院。结论盐酸左氧氟沙星的临床不良反应较少，但在应用过程中仍需加强药物护理，严格药物管理，定期组织学习，以保证用药安全,减少药物的不良反应。

英文原稿TheNursingandobservationoftheside-effectonLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjection

ObjectiveTodecreaseandtocontroltheside-effectontheapplicationoftheLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjection.MethodsObservedthe917casesofintravenousapplicationofLevofloxacinHydrochloride,andcountedthenumberoftheside-effectcases,anditssymptomsandsigns.Totheside-effectcasesweadoptedpositivemedicaltreatmentandnursingcare..

Results33cases(3.59%)ofthe917patientshavetheside-effectoftheLevofloxacinHydrochloride.There’snoseverecomplicationinthe33casesandthepatientsallrecoveredthoughthepropertreatmentandnursingbythemedicalteam.ConclusionTheside-effectoftheLevofloxacinHydrochlorideisrelativelyrareintheclinicalapplication,butwestillneedtoemphasizethenursingandtheadministrationofthedrugs,andtoprovidestudyopportunities,inordertoguaranteethesafeapplicationandtodecreasetheside-effectofthemedicine.

RevisedVersionNursingandobservationofadversereactionsofLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjectionObjectiveTodecreaseandcontroladversereactionsofLevofloxacinHydrochlorideInjection.Methods917patientsreceivingintravenousadministrationofLevofloxacinHydrochloridewereobservedforthenumberofpatientswhohadadversereactionsandrelatedsymptomsandsigns,basedonwhichappropriatemeasuresweretakenpositively.

ResultsOfthe917patients,33patients(3.59%)complainedofadversereactionsarisingfromtheuseofLevofloxacinHydrochloride,inwhomnoseriouscomplicationoccurredowingtometiculousmanagementandnursingcare.ConclusionAlthoughtherearerelativelyfewadversereactionsintheuseofLevofloxacinHydrochloride,specialattentionshouldstillbepaidtodrugnursing,drugmanagementandregulareducationsoastoensuresafetyindrugadministrationandreducedrugadversereactions.

短语和表达方式

PhrasesandExpressions临床诊断病例clinicallydiagnosedcases/pa