陕西省西安高中高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）

陕西省西安高中2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howlongisthegirl’sfather’sbusinesstrip?A.Fiveweeks.B.Threeweeks.C.Twoweeks.2.Whereisthemangoingnext?A.Tohisdormitory.B.Tothelibrary.C.Totheclassroom.3.Whatruinedthepicnic?A.Thebadfood.B.Theroughroad.C.Theterribleweather.4.WhyisTomgoingtoLondonnextmonth?A.Towork.B.Tovisit.C.Tostudy.5.Whomdidthemanforgettocalllastnight?A.Kate.B.Daniel.C.Jack.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisthewomangoingtoseethemoviewith?A.Herdaughter.B.Herhusband.C.Herfriend.7.Whatkindofmovieisthewomangoingtosee?A.Athriller.B.Acomedy.C.Amusical.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Forwhichconcertdoesthemanintendtobuytickets?A.TheChinesemusicconcert.B.TheJapanesemusicconcert.C.TheIndianmusicconcert.9.Howdidthemanhearaboutthemusicconcert?A.Fromawebsite.B.Fromtelevision.C.Fromtheradio.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatiswrongwiththeman?A.Heisinlowspirits.B.Hehasaphysicaldisease.C.Hislifeisatotalmess.11Whatcausedtheman’sproblem?A.Thepressureofwork.B.Theoveruseofdrugs.C.Mentalillness.12.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Movetoanothercity.B.Startexercising.C.Changehisdiet.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdoesthemansayaboutTradeMe?A.Itsellssomerarerecords.B.HeoftenbuysbooksandCDsonit.C.Hecanbuygoodsfromotherusersonit.14.WhatdidthemanbuyforhismotherasaChristmaspresent?A.Agolfbag.B.Acoat.C.Asofa.15.Whatisthemanconcernedaboutintheend?A.Whenthesofawillarrive.B.Howthesofawillbedelivered.C.Howmuchthedeliverywillcost.16.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutonlineshopping?A.Thedeliveryisabittooslow.B.Returninggoodsisdifficult.C.Itisquiteconvenient.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.LivingconditionsinMassachusettsinthe1800s.B.Thedifferencebetweenraisingsheepandcattle.C.RaisinganimalsonearlyAmericanfarms.18.FromwheredidtheAmericansettlersinthe1800sgettheircattleandsheep?A.Africa.B.Asia.C.Europe.19.Whatactivitydidthesettlersconsidertheleastimportantintheearly1800s?A.Plantingcrops.B.Caringforanimals.C.Buildinghouses.20.Howdidfarmersinthe19thcenturydealwithmostfarmproducts?A.Theyusedthemthemselves.B.Theysoldthemtopeopleincities.C.Theygavethemtootherpeople.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A●WestTownTheChicagoPublicLibrary(CPL)encourageslifelonglearningbywelcomingallpeopleandofferingequalaccesstoinformation,entertainmentandknowledgethroughmaterials,programsandevents.Eachyear,ChicagoPublicLibraryrecommendstheBestoftheBest,CPL’sselectionsoftheverybestbookspublishedthatyear.●HoursMonday:10:00AM–6:00PMTuesday:12:00PM–8:00PMWednesday:10:00AM–6:00PMThursday:12:00PM–8:00PMFriday:9:00AM–5:00PMSaturday:9:00AM–5:00PMSunday:Closed●Holidays&ClosuresAllStaffInstituteDay:Thursday,April30,2020ClosedAllDayMemorialDay:Monday,May25,2020ClosedAllDayIndependenceDay:Saturday,July4,2020ClosedAllDayLaborDay:Monday,September7,2020ClosedAllDayThanksgiving:Thursday,November26,2020ClosedAllDayChristmas:Friday,December25,2020ClosedAllDay●Address&Contact1625W.ChicagoAvenueChicagoIL60622Phone:(312)743-0450Email:westtown@●GetaLibraryCardGettingalibrarycardiseasy–andit’sfree!PleasevisitanyCPLlocationtofilloutanapplication.Current,validIDwithname,photoandChicagoaddressisrequired.●FacilitiesBikerack;Computers;Meetingroom;Parkinglot;Scanner;WiFi●NewatWestTownFirewatchingbyRussThomasTheBigLiebyJamesGrippandoDeathbyChocolateFrostedDoughnutbySarahGravesTheGirlinWhiteGlovesbyKerriMaher●UpcomingEventsatWestTownDesignChallengeDayDescription:Areyouupforachallenge?Welcometodropinandtacklesomedesignchallengesusingsuppliesprovidedbythelibrary.Prizeswillbeawardedformostcreative.Suitablefor:KidsandTeensTime:Monday,July20,20205:00pm-6:00pmFilmScreening:TheZookeeper’sWife(2017)Description:JointheWestTownbranchforascreeningofTheZookeeper’sWife.AmarriedcouplewhoworkaszoocaretakershelpsaveJewsfromtheHolocaust.Suitablefor:AdultsandTeensTime:Tuesday,March31,20205:30pm–7:30pm1.WhencanpeoplegotoChicagoPublicLibrary?A.11:00am,April29,2020 B.2:00pm,May25,2020C.9:00am,July5,2020 D.6:00pm,Nov26,20202.WhatdoweknowaboutDesignChallengeDay?A.Theactivitywilllastfor2hours.B.Theactivitywillofferprizes.C.Theactivityismainlyopentoadults.D.ParticipantscanwatchTheZookeeper’sWifeforfree.3.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.Peoplecanstillreturnbookswhenthelibrarycloses.B.Thelibrarydoesn’thaveaparkinglotforreaders.C.TheBigLieisoneoftherecommendedbooksthisyear.D.Thelibraryholdsmoreactivitiesforkidsthanforadults.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了芝加哥图书馆一些基本信息和活动。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据“MemorialDay:Monday,May25,2020ClosedAllDay（阵亡将士纪念日：2020年5月25日星期一全天闭馆）可知，2020年5月25日不能去图书馆；根据“IndependenceDay:Saturday,July4,2020ClosedAllDay（独立日：2020年7月4日星期六全天关闭）”和●Hours中Sunday:Closed（芝加哥图书馆周日闭馆）可知，2020年7月5周日芝加哥图书馆闭馆，不能去图书馆；根据“Thanksgiving:Thursday,November26,2020ClosedAllDay（感恩节：2020年11月26日星期四全天闭馆）”可知，2020年11月26日不能去图书馆看书；根据“AllStaffInstituteDay:Thursday,April30,2020ClosedAllDay（AllStaffInstitute日:2020年4月30日星期四全天休息）可知，2020年4月29日是周三，图书馆开放，再结合“Wednesday:10:00AM–6:00PM”可知，周三图书馆开放时间是上午10点到下午6点，所以2020年4月29日11点可以去芝加哥图书管看书。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据DesignChallengeDay中“Prizeswillbeawardedformostcreative.（最有创造力的人将获得奖品。）”可知，DesignChallengeDay活动会提供奖品。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据常识判断，选项APeoplecanstillreturnbookswhenthelibrarycloses.（当图书馆关门时，人们仍然可以还书。）错误；根据●Facilities中“Bikerack;Computers;Meetingroom;Parkinglot;Scanner;WiFi”可知，图书馆提供自行车架；电脑；会议室；停车场；扫描仪；WiFi，所以选项B错误；根据●NewatWestTown中“TheBigLiebyJamesGrippando”可知，TheBigLie图书馆今年推荐的新书之一，所以选项C正确；根据最后一部分“Suitablefor:KidsandTeens”和“Suitablefor:AdultsandTeens”可知，图书馆适合青少年的活动比成人活动多，所以选项D错误。故选C。BWhenCentralBucksSouthbecameoneofthefirstPhiladelphia-areahighschoolstocloseduetofearofnovelcoronavirusexposureinearlyMarch,16-year-oldsophomoreAndrewChenknewthatthingswerenotgoingtoreturntonormalasquicklyassomeofhispeershoped.Butstill,thechangefromseeinghisfriendsontheswimteamduringdailypracticestolearningaloneathomewasjarring.“IonlyhavethreeyearshereatSouth,anditpainsmetoseeoneofthembeingwasted,”Chensaid.Thecoronavirushasupendedeveryone’slives,butforstudents,thedisruptionfeelsparticularlyacute.Schoolsclosedandgraduationceremonieswerecanceled.Summerplans,likecampsandinternships,areupintheair.Butrightnow,manystudentsaretryingtostayconnected,strugglingwithmisinformation,andfiguringoutthebestwaystheycanhelpthroughonlinemethod.ForJoshHarycki,17,aseniorstudentattheShipleySchoolinPhiladelphia,thebestwaytocontributewastocreatea“socialdistancingpledge”foryoungpeople.“Isawalotofyoungergenerationsnotpayingattention,”hesaid.“Theywerestillgoingout,hangingoutwithpeople.Ithoughtthattherehadtobeawaytoreachyoungerfolks,whowereprobablynotwatchingthenews.”Haryckilaunchedacalltoactiononsocialmediaandthenbuiltawebsitewithamapthattrackedthelocationsofpeoplewho’dsignedthepledge.ThesitealsoshareslinkstoaccuratesourcesofinformationliketheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Haryckiknowsthathispeersareworriedtheycan’tconnectwiththeirfriendsinthesameway,sohecreatedthesocialdistancingpledgetostressthatwhileeveryonemightbephysicallydistant,they’restillconnected.“Partofwhatwe’rehighlightingisthatyoumightfeellikeyou’retheonlyonetakingthisseriously,butourmapshowsthatyou’renotalone,”hesaid.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“upintheair”inParagraph3probablymean?A.unnatural B.uncertain C.unnecessary D.unreasonable5.WhydoestheauthordescribeAndrewChen’sexperienceinthetext?A.Toshowhowthecoronavirusaffectedstudents’lives.B.Toexplainwhatworriedstudentsmostwhenschoolsclosed.C.Toillustratetheappropriatereactiontotheclosureofschool.D.Topresentthedifferentviewsofstudentstowardthecoronavirus.6.WhodoesHaryckimainlywanttoreachoutto?A.Friendswhoareworriedandbored.B.Folkstakingthecoronavirusseriously.C.Youngergenerationstryingtocontributetosociety.D.Youngpeoplewhoarenotawareofthesituation.7.What’sHarycki’spurposeincreatingthe“socialdistancingpledge”?A.Totrackthosepeopleinfectedwiththecoronavirus.B.Toconvinceyoungpeopletostayathome.CToinformyoungfolksoflatestnewsaboutthecoronavirus.D.Toshowyoungpeopletheyshouldn’tbeconcernedaboutthecoronavirus.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.B【解析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述在新冠病毒期间，学生在家自学，学生Harycki建立网站努力保持学生们相互联系，消除同龄人担心他们不能与朋友联系的担忧，向同龄人传递虽然每个人可能在身体距离上是遥远的，但他们仍然是联系在一起的。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Schoolsclosedandgraduationceremonieswerecanceled.”可知，因为学校关闭，毕业典礼也被取消。由此可推知，划线短语所在句表示，夏令营和实习之类暑期计划都悬而未决。所以划线短语“upintheair”的意思是不确定的，和uncertain“不确定的”意思相近。故选B。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“16-year-oldsophomoreAndrewChenknewthatthingswerenotgoingtoreturntonormalasquicklyassomeofhispeershoped.(16岁的大二学生安德鲁·陈知道事情不会像一些同龄人所希望的那样迅速恢复正常。)”和第二段的“IonlyhavethreeyearshereatSouth,anditpainsmetoseeoneofthembeingwasted,”Chensaid.(陈说：“我在南方只有三年的时间，其中一年被浪费让我很痛苦。)结合下文“Thecoronavirushaschangedeveryone’slives,butforstudents,thedisruptionfeelsparticularlyserious.(冠状病毒改变了每个人的生活，但对学生来说，这种破坏感觉特别严重。)”可推断，作者描述安德鲁陈的经历是为了说明冠状病毒如何影响学生的生活。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段的“Ithoughtthattherehadtobeawaytoreachyoungerfolks,whowereprobablynotwatchingthenews.(我想应该有办法联系到年轻人，他们可能不看新闻。)”可知，Harycki想要联系没有意识到这种情况的年轻人。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Haryckiknowsthathispeersareworriedtheycan'tconnectwiththeirfriendsinthesameway,sohecreatedthesocialdistancingpledgetostressthatwhileeveryonemightbephysicallydistant,they'restillconnected.”可知，Harycki知道他的同龄人担心他们不能以同样的方式与朋友联系，所以他创建了“socialdistancingpledge”来强调虽然每个人可能在物理距离上都很遥远，但他们仍然保持联系。由此可知，Harycki创建“socialdistancingpledge”的目的是说服年轻人待在家里，即使他们和朋友不在一起，也是有联系的。故选B。CInstagramisabouttotakeitsbiggeststeptowardremovinglikesfromitsplatform.Aftermonthsoftestinganoptiontohidelikesinselectinternationalmarkets,Instagram,whichisownedbyFacebook(FB),hasalreadybeentestinghidinglikesinsevenothercountries,includingCanada,IrelandandAustralia.Foryears,likeshavebeencentraltohowcelebrities,brands,politiciansandeverydayusersexperienceInstagramandFacebook.It’sawayofmeasuringpopularityandsuccess.Butinrecentmonths,Instagramhasbeenrethinkinghowlikescontributetomakingitsplatformmoretoxic.Nowit’sconsideringachange.Thetotalnumberoflikesonposts–whichappearasheartsontheapp–willdisappearfromInstagram’smainfeed,profilepagesandpermalinkpages.Theowneroftheaccountcanstillseetheirownlikes,buttheirfollowerswon’tknowthecount.CNNBusinesspreviouslyspokewithusersincountrieswiththetest.Themajorityfeltthismovewouldimprovewell-beingontheapp.Instagramisthemostdetrimentalsocialnetworkingappforyoungpeople’smentalhealth,suchasnegativelyimpactingbodyimage,accordingtoonestudy.Butotherusersandpsychologistssaidhidinglikeswon’tfixeverything.Thetestdoesn’taddresssomeofthekeywaysthatactivityonInstagramcanimpactthewell-beingofusers,includingbullying,feelingleftoutandthinkingotherpeople’slivesarebetterthantheirown.ReneeEngeln,apsychologyprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,voicedhisopinionthatthebiggestimpactofInstagramisthecontentandtheexposuretothisconstantstreamofperfectedimagesiswhatseemstohurtpsychologically.Plus,userscanstillseetheirownlikes–andfeelbadlyiftheirpostsdon’tperformwell.8.HowdousersusuallyexperienceInstagramforyears?A.Byselectingplatforms. B.Byshowingofftalents.C.Byhidinglikes. D.Bygivinglikes.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detrimental”inParagraph3mean?A.profitable B.popular C.harmful D.positive10.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Instagramhasaffectedyoungsters’mentalhealth.B.Theaccountownerswon’tknowthecounto£likes.C.Instagramtestedhidinglikesinsevencountriesfirst.D.ThemajoritythinkInstagramhasbeenawell-beingapp.11.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.InstagramMisusesLikesB.MorePeopleAreAgainstLikesC.LikesCauseMentalProblemsD.LikeswillBeHiddenonInstagram【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.D【解析】本文为说明文。Instagram即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除“点赞”。因为“点赞”让平台变得更“有毒”的，几个月来Instagram一直尝试在一些国际市场隐藏“点赞”功能。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Foryears,likeshavebeencentraltohowcelebrities,brands,politiciansandeverydayusersexperienceInstagramandFacebook.”多年来，“点赞”一直是名人、品牌商、政客和普通用户体验Instagram和Facebook的核心。由此可知，体验Instagram是通过点赞的形式，故选D。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段“Themajorityfeltthismovewouldimprovewell-beingontheapp.”可知，大多数人认为移除点赞可以改善在这个应用上的舒适度。划线单词所在句子“Instagramisthemostdetrimentalsocialnetworkingappforyoungpeople’smentalhealth,suchasnegativelyimpactingbodyimage,accordingtoonestudy.”可知，Instagram对年轻人的心理健康最有影响的一种社交网络应用，比如能消极地影响一个人的身体形象，结合两句话可知，Instagram目前是有消极影响，能让用户产生不舒适感的社交网络，detrimental是来形容Instagram的特点的，应该是消极方面的词义，结合选项，只有选项C“有害的”，符合文意，故选C。

【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Instagramisthemostdetrimentalsocialnetworkingappforyoungpeople’smentalhealth,suchasnegativelyimpactingbodyimage,accordingtoonestudy.”可知，根据研究表明，Instagram是对年轻人的心理健康最有害的一种社交网络应用，比如对身体形象产生负面影响。由此可推断出Instagram影响了青少年的心理健康。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。本文第一段叙述了Instagram即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除“点赞”。几个月来Instagram一直在尝试在一些国际市场隐藏“点赞”功能。接着下文具体分析了“点赞”造成的不好的影响，所以要在Instagram隐藏“点赞”功能。因此D项是最佳题目。故选D。DAblackholeiscreatedwhenalargestarburnsout.Likeoursun,starsareunbelievablyhotfurnaces(熔炉)thatburntheirownmatterasfuel.Whenmostofthefuelisusedup,thestarbeginstodie.Thedeathofastarisnotaquietevent.Firstthereisahugeexplosion.Asitsouterlayerisblastedoffintospace,thedyingstarshinesasbrightlyasabillionsuns.Aftertheexplosiongravitypullsinwhat'sleftofthestar.Astheoutsideofthestarsinkstowardthecenter,thestargetssmallerandsmaller.Thematerialthestarismadeofbecomestightlypackedtogether.Astarissodensethatateaspoonofmatterfromitweighsbillionofpounds.Themorethestarshrinks,thestrongerthegravityinsideitbecomes.Soonthestarisverytiny,andthegravitypullingitinisunbelievablystrong.Infact,thegravityissostrongthatitevenpullslightintothestar!Sinceallthelightispulledin,nonecanflee.Thestarbecomesblackwhenthereisnolight.Thenablackholeisborn!That'swhatweknowaboutblackholes.Whatwedon'tknowisthis:Whathappensinsideablackholeafterthestarhasbeensqueezedintoatinyball?Doesitkeepgettingsmallerandsmallerforever?Suchapossibilityishardtoimagine.Butiftheblackholedoesn'tkeepshrinking,whathappenstoit?Somescientiststhinkblackholesarelikedoorwaystoanotherworld.Theysaythatasthestardisappearsfromouruniverse,itgoesintoanotheruniverse.Inotherwordsablackholeinouruniversecouldturnintoa“whitehole”inadifferentuniverse.Astheblackholeswallowslight,thewhiteholeshinesbrightly-somewhereelse.Butwhere?Adifferentplace,perhaps,oradifferenttime-manyyearsinthepastorfuture.Couldyoutravelthroughablackhole?Rightnow,no.Nothingweknowofcouldgointoablackholewithoutbeingcrushed.Sofarthetimebeing,blackholesmustremainamystery.Blackholesareamystery-butthathasn'tstoppedscientistsfromdreamingaboutthem.Onescientistsuggestedthatinthefuturewemightmakeuseofthepowerofblackholes.TheywouldsupplyallofEarth'senergyneeds,withplentytospare.Anotherscientistwonderedifablackholecouldsomedaybeusedtoswallowearthlywaste-asortofhugewastedisposal(处理)inthesky!12.Whenthestarbeginstodie,.A.thereisnofuelleftinitB.itsouterlayergoesintospacefirstC.itwillexplodeandthenbecomesmallerD.itdoesn'tgiveofflightanylonger13.Whichofthefollowingdoesn'thelpproduceablackhole?A.Thestarbecomesverytinyanddense.B.Thelightcan'tgooutofthestar.C.Thegravityinsidethestarisverystrong.D.Thedyingstarshinesverybrightly.14.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Astarwillblastanddiewhenitlacksfueltosupportitsburning.B.Ablackholecanswalloweverythingbecauseitbecomessmallerallthetime.C.Mancannevertravelthroughablackholebutcanmakeuseofitspower.D.Scientistshavefoundthatablackholegoesintoanotheruniverseandbecomesawhitehole.15.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ANewScientificDiscovery:BlackHolesB.HowDoBlackHolesComeintoBeing?C.WhatAreBlackHoles?D.TravelThroughABlackHole【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了黑洞形成的原因和经过。【12题详解】细节理解题。文章第一、二、三段提到，当一个星体的大部分能量耗尽，它就开始走向衰落死亡，首先是爆炸，由于爆炸，外层物质被抛散到太空中，并且发出非常耀眼的光线，然后它会慢慢向中心塌陷变小。因此，当一个星体死亡时，它会发生爆炸并变得更小。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。从第四段Themorethestarshrinks,thestrongerthegravityinsideitbecomes.Soonthestarisverytiny,andthegravitypullingitinisunbelievablystrong.Infact,thegravityissostrongthatitevenpullslightintothestar!可以看出由于引力的加大，形体不断收缩，变得很小，引力大到难以置信，光都被拉入到星体内部，因此A、B、C都是黑洞形成的因素之一，根据Thestarbecomesblackwhenthereisnolight.一句可知D选项错误。故选D。【14题详解】推理判断题。从文章可知，星体燃烧的大部分能量之后，就开始死亡，并首先产生爆炸，故A正确。B的前半句正确，但黑洞能吞噬一切的原因是因为密度大，引力大，而不是因为黑洞一直在变小。C错误，因为文章只说目前穿越黑洞不可能，没有说永远不可能，而且我们也还不能利用黑洞的能力。D答案只是科学家的猜测，并不属实，而且句子本身也有错误，不是黑洞跑去了另一个宇宙，成为白洞，而是有可能在这个宇宙产生一个黑洞，相应的可能在另一个宇宙就会出现一个相反的白洞。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章的首句和全文都可以看出，文章主要内容是黑洞是如何形成的。选项B.HowDoBlackHolesComeintoBeing?（黑洞是怎样形成的？）为最佳标题。故选B。【点睛】推断判断题就是推断隐含意义，根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到、没有明说或者可能发生的事实。推理判断题的题干特点：推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer（推断），suggest（暗示），imply（暗示），indicate（暗示），conclude（推断，得出结论）等词语。常见的题干形式如下： We can know from the passage that...； We can infer from the （first/last） passage that... ；The passage/author implies/suggests that ...；It can be concluded from the passage that ... ；The underlined sentence indicates that ...等等，它的主要解题方法就是找到推理的依据，然后理解相关信息点的字面意义，最后结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而得到作者的言外之意。如第3小题，从文章可知，星体燃烧的大部分能量之后，就开始死亡，并首先产生爆炸，故A正确。B的前半句正确，但黑洞能吞噬一切的原因是因为密度大，引力大，而不是因为黑洞一直在变小。C错误，因为文章只说目前穿越黑洞不可能，没有说永远不可能，而且我们也还不能利用黑洞的能力。D答案只是科学家的猜测，并不属实，而且句子本身也有错误，不是黑洞跑去了另一个宇宙，成为白洞，而是有可能在这个宇宙产生一个黑洞，相应的可能在另一个宇宙就会出现一个相反的白洞。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatdobabies,puppiesandcartooncharactershaveincommon?___16___Cuteanimalsandbabiesattractourattentionandmakeuswanttotakecareofthem,whichgivesthemanevolutionaryadvantage,accordingtoAustrianzoologistKonradLorenz.___17___Whenwelookatbabies,weareattractedtocertainfacialfeatures.Thesefeaturesmakeuswanttotakecareofthemsotheycangrowuphealthilyandpasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration.Lookingatbabyanimalsandcartooncharactersalsocausethesefeelings.Childlikecharacteristicsmakebabiessweetandleadustobuildclosetieswiththem.___18___Thereareseveralfeaturesthatcancausethisfeeling.____19____Ifababyanimalorhumanwobblesabitwhenwalking,thatcanmakethemseemevencuter.Ofcourse,wedon’traisebabyanimalsthesamewayweraisehumanbabies,andwedon’traisecartooncharactersatall.____20____Cutecartooncharactersbecomepopularthisway,andbabyanimalsaremorelikelytobecaredforproperly.Thinkaboutsomeofthethingsthatyoufindcute,andyou’relikelytoseethattheyhavesomeofthesamecharacteristicsasahumanbaby.A.Thisevenworkswhenweseethingsthatremindusofababy.B.Thesciencebehindcutenessisstillunclear.C.Humanbabiesareagoodexample.D.However,babiesgetlesscuteastheygetolder.E.Alargeroundhead,largeeyes,andsoftskinarejustsomeofthesefeatures.F.Buttheircutenessdoesmakeuslikethemandwanttotakecareofthem.G.Theansweristhattheyalllookcute.【答案】16.G17.C18.A19.E20.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了婴儿及带有婴儿特征的物品引起人们喜爱之情的原因。【16题详解】根据上文“Whatdobabies,puppiesandcartooncharactershaveincommon?”可知婴儿、小狗和卡通人物有什么共同之处？由此可知，上文提出问题，本句应当是回答上文的提问。故G选项“答案是它们看起来都很可爱。”符合上下文语境，故选G。【17题详解】结合后文“Whenwelookatbabies,weareattractedtocertainfacialfeatures.Thesefeaturesmakeuswanttotakecareofthemsotheycangrowuphealthilyandpasstheirgenesontothenextgeneration.”可知当我们观察婴儿时，我们会被某些面部特征所吸引。这些特征使我们想要照顾他们，这样他们才能健康成长，并把他们的基因传递给下一代。由此可知，本段是在以人类婴儿为例子，说明人类为什么喜欢照顾婴儿。故C选项“人类婴儿就是一个很好的例子。”符合上下文语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Childlikecharacteristicsmakebabiessweetandleadustobuildclosetieswiththem.”可知孩子般的性格使婴儿变得可爱，并使我们与他们建立起密切的联系。由此可知，孩子般的性格使婴儿变得可爱，并且这会使我们与他们建立起联系，这种联系意味着当我们看到能想起婴儿的东西时，也会产生一样的感觉。故A选项“当我们看到让我们想起婴儿的东西时，这甚至也会起作用。”符合上下文语境，故选A。【19题详解】结合上文“Thereareseveralfeaturesthatcancausethisfeeling.”可知有几个特征可以引起这种感觉。由此可知，本句承接上文开始列举有哪些特征。上文“features”可对应到E选项中“someofthesefeatures”。故E选项“圆圆的大脑袋、大眼睛和柔软的皮肤只是这些特征中的一部分。”符合上下文语境，故选E。【20题详解】结合后文“Cutecartooncharactersbecomepopularthisway,andbabyanimalsaremorelikelytobecaredforproperly.”可知可爱的卡通人物通过这种方式变得流行起来，小动物也更容易得到妥善的照顾。由此可知，人类因为卡通人物和小动物的可爱，所以也会喜欢和想要照顾他们。上文中“babyanimals”和“cartooncharacters”对应到F选项中“takecareofthem”。故F选项“但是他们的可爱让我们喜欢他们，想要照顾他们。”符合上下文语境，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inspirationcanbeastrangething.Youneverknowwhenitmight___21___.Andsometimes,itcancomefromthemost___22___places.IrecentlyreadaboutanauthornamedNnediOkoraforWhenshewasincollege,shehadaseriousspinedisorder（脊椎病）.Okoraforwastoldthatasimpleoperationcould___23___it.Butwhenshewokeupfromher___24___.shefoundthatshecouldn'tmoveherlegsandwasingreatpain.Okoraforgot___25___later.Butbeforeshedid.shesawstrangethingsinherhospitalroom.Sheimaginedher___26___asabeastthathuntedherfromtheshadows.Butshealso___27___awoman一awomanwhocouldfly,infact.This___28___womaninspiredherandhelpedher___29___herpain."Ifeltmyselfbecome____30____shewroteinherbookBrokenPlaces&OuterSpaces:FindingCreativityintheUnexpected.We____31____knowwherewemightfindtheinspirationtocreate.Asa____32____mostofmyinspirationcomesfromotherpeople'smusic.ButIalsofind____33____inotherplaces.Books,moviesand____34____Justmomentsineverydaylifecanleadtonewcreations.____35____IrecentlyrewatchedthefilmBladeRunner.I'veseenitplentyoftimesbefore;it’soneofmyfavoritemovies.Butthistime,forsomereasons,Isawit____36____.Idecidedtomakemusicthatcouldcreatethesamefeelingasthe____37____It'snotdoneyet.butthemusicI'mworkingonnowisheavily____38____bythemovie'ssettingandcharacters.Anythingcan____39____us.Youjusthavetobe____40____tocatchinspirationwhenithits.21.A.work B.hit C.exist D.pass22.A.interesting B.ordinary C.unexpected D.dangerous23.A.fix B.make C.get D.control24.A.dream B.shock C.recovery D.operation25.A.well B.bad C.worried D.annoyed26.A.curiosity B.pain C.anger D.fear27.A.asked B.met C.imagined D.visited28.A.confident B.smart C.honest D.magical29.A.forget B.recognize C.describe D.practice30.A.richer B.greater C.busier D.quieter31.A.always B.never C.sometimes D.still32.A.director B.dancer C.musician D.writer33.A.tips B.messages C.examples D.ideas34.A.even B.again C.not D.only35.A.Inshort B.Inaddition C.Forexample D.Afterall36.A.differently B.perfectly C.vividly D.smoothly37.A.story B.song C.play D.film38.A.changed B.supported C.disturbed D.influenced39.A.impress B.inspire C.amuse D.challenge40.A.free B.thankful C.ready D.careful【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.D31.B32.C33.D34.A35.C36.A37.D38.D39.B40.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的记叙文。通过记叙Okorafor一次生病的经历和作者看电影想创作音乐的经历来说明灵感的来源。它来源于任何事物的启发，当它来临的时候，你只需要去接受它就可以了。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：你永远不知道它什么时候会侯然出现。A.work工作；B.hit偶然出现；C.exist存在；D.pass经过。根据下文“whenithits.”可知，你永远不知道它什么时候会来。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：有时候它会来自于最无法预料的地方。A.interesting有趣的；B.ordinary普通的；C.unexpected无法预料的；D.dangerous危险的。根据前句你永远都不会知道它什么时候来，说明即便它出现，也是无法预料的。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：Okorafor被告知一个简单的手术即可治愈它。A.fix修复，治愈；B.make制造C.get得到；D.control控制。既然是手术治疗operation，那么治愈的单词只有fix合适。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：但当她从手术中醒过来时，她发现她无法移动她的腿，而且很疼。A.dream梦想；B.shock震惊；C.recovery恢复；D.operation手术。根据上文提到的operation可知这里应该是进行手术后醒过来了。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：后来Okorafor感觉好多了。A.well好的；B.bad坏的；C.worried担忧的；D.annoyed令人恼怒的。她担心的是她的病痛，而后面描述的她想象的事物让她减轻了痛苦。后来Okorafor感觉好多了。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：她想象她的病痛就像野兽从阴影处追赶她一样。A.curiosity好奇心；B.pain痛苦；C.anger生气；D.fear惊恐。这里的病痛选项来自于第9空后面的pain。她想象她的病痛就像野兽从阴影处追赶她一样。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但她也想象出一个女人，事实上一个会飞的女人。A.asked询问；B.met遇见；C.imagined想象；D.visited参观，拜访。这里选imagined是因为上文中第6空前出现了imagined，但她也想象出一个女人，事实上一个会飞的女人。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：这个具有魔力的女人给她灵感帮助她忘记痛苦。A.confident自信的；B.smart聪明的；C.honest诚实的；D.magical魔幻的。神奇的。这个作者想象中的女人会飞，故具有某种魔力。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词的辨析。句意：这个具有魔力的女人给她灵感帮助她忘记痛苦。A.forget忘记；B.recognize识别；C.describe描述；D.practice实践，练习。根据魔力magical和下句中的我感觉自己变得安静下来。说明作者在这个想象的女人的帮助下变得没有那么疼痛了，甚至忘记了疼痛。故选A。【30题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：她在她自己的书中写道，“我感觉自己变得安静下来”。A.richer更富有的；B.greater更伟大的；C.busier更繁忙的；D.quieter更安静的。根据上句推测：之所以变得安静是因为在这个具有魔力的想象中的女人的帮助下忘记了疼痛。故选D。【31题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：我们永远都不知道我们从哪里发现灵感去创造它。A.always总是；B.never从不；C.sometimes有时候；D.still仍然。这里的“永远都不”源自于第1空的“你永远都不知道它什么时候出现”。这属于语义重复成分再现表达。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：作为一个音乐家绝大多数灵感来自于其他人的音乐。A.director导演；B.dancer舞者；C.musician音乐家；D.writer作家。因为这里有来自于其他人的音乐，故推出此题的选项为C音乐家切合题意，因为音乐家得到的灵感是来自于作音乐的人的作品，反过来说作音乐的人的作品可以是音乐家的灵感来源。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。句意