语法环雅7状语从句

状语从句状语从句定义在主从复合句中修饰主语中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫做“状语从句”。分类如下：状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句分类While

I

was

walking

along

the

street,

I

found

manybeautiful

buildings

(时间)Where

there

is

a

will,

there

is

a

way.

(

地点

)

Now

that/Since

everybody

is

here,

let’s

begin

ourmeeting.

（

原因）I’ll

speak

slowly

so

that

you

can

understand

me.(目的)

So

clever

was

he

that

he

was

able

to

work

out

all

thedifficult

problems.

(

结果

)状语从句的分类6.As

long

as

youdon’t

lose

heart,you’llsucceed.(条件)7.

Try

as

he

might,

he

could

not

find

a

job.(让步)8.

The

old

lady

treats

the

boy

as

if

he

werehisownson.(方式)9.Heistallerthan

Iam.(比较)状语从句的分类九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词时间状语从句when,

while,

as,

before,

after,

since,once

,by

the

time

,

till,

until,

not…until,

thefirst/second…/last

time,

as

soon

as,

the

moment,the

minute,

the

instant,

immediately,

directly,instantly,

hardly…when,

scarcely…when,

nosooner…than

,

every

time,

each

timewhere,

whereverbecause,since,as,

for,nowthat(既然）,in

that（因为）if,

unless,

as(so)

long

as,

oncondition

that,

要……)等。如：地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句九种常用的状语从句及其常用的连接词结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句so

that,

so…that,

such…thatso

that,

in

order that,

in

case,as,

as

if/as

thoughthan,

as…as,

not

so/as…as,the+比较级…,the+比较级…让步状语从句although,

though,as,

eventhough/even

if,

while(虽然）,no

matter+which/what/when/where/who/how,

whichever,wherever,

whatever,

whoever,

whenever,

however,whether…or；用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：让步•

1.

Child

as

she

is,

she

knows

a

lot

of

things.比较•

2.

The

more

I

can

do

for

the

class,

the

happier

I’ll

be.方式

•

3.

He

talks

as

if

(as

though)

he

knew

all

about

it.结果•

4.

He

is

such

a

good

teacher

that

the

students

loveand

respect

him.条件

•

5.I

shall

go

to

the

park

unless

it

rains.时间•

6.

No

sooner

had

I

got

home

than

it

began

to

rain.Where

thereis

water,

there

islife.He

studied

hard

so

that

he

could

catch

up

with

hisclassmates.Sinceyou

are

very

busy,

Iwon't

trouble

you.Even

if

(though)

I

fail.

I’ll

never

lose

heart.Once

you

begin

the

work,

you

must

continue.Although

the

sun

was

shining,

it

wasn’t

verywarm..原因•让步•时间•让步•用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：地点•目的•Now

that

you've

come,

you'd

better

have

dinnerwith

us.He

was

so

excited

that

he

couldn't

fall

asleep.We

must

do

everything

as

he

tells

us.India

is

much

bigger

than

Japan

is.No

matter

when

you

come,

you

are

warmly

e.18.

As

(So)

long

as

you

work

hard,

you

can

catch

upwith

the

other

classmates.原因•结果•方式•比较•让步•用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句：条件1.时间状语从句

时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：A.

when,while,

as,wheneverB.

before,

afterC.

till,untilD.

since,

ever

sinceE.

assoonasF.

immediately

instantly

directlyG.

the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,

the

secondH.

hardly/scarcely…when,no

sooner…thanI.

onceJ.

next

time,

the

first

time,

the

last

time,

every

time,

by

the

time11注意同一个连词的多义性：连接词when的用法小结when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：When

the

film

ended,

they

went

back.When

常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：be

doing

something…whenbe

about

to

do…whenbe

on

the

point

of

doing

sth...

when…had

done…wheneg.

They

were

watching

the

World

Cup

when

suddenly

the

lights

went

out.They

had

just

arrived

home

when

it

began

to

rain.He

was

about

to

go

to

bed

when

the

doorbell

rang.when可以表“虽然，尽管”，如：

He

walkswhenhe

might

take

a

taxi.A.

when,

while,

as,

wheneverwhile可用来引导时间状语，意为“当……的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：Please

don’t

talk

so

loud

while

others

are

working.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。

Jane

was

dressed

in

brown

while

Mary

was

dressed

inblue.while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于althoughWhile

I

admit

that

the

problems

are

difficult

,

I

don’tagree

that

they

can’t

be

solved.4

趁…的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了Strike

while

the

iron

is

hot.连接词while的用法小结as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边…一边”；随着如：She

sang

as

she

walked

home

all

the

way.She

was

doing

her

homework

as

she

was

listening

to

the

music.As

she

grew

older,

she

became

more

beautiful.As

the

day

went

on,

the

weather

got

worse.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”；如：As

she

is

free

today,she

would

like

to

do

some

shopping.3.as还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。如：Tired

as

he

was,

he

refused

to

take

a

rest.

（尽管）Hard

as

he

worked,

he

can’t

work

out

the

problem.Child

as

he

is,

he

knows

a

lot.连接词as的用法小结连接词when,while,as的用法区别：when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当……的时候”，使用时应注意：when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：

When

he

came

in,we

were

having

supper.When

we

were

having

supper,

the

light

suddenlywent

out.while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：When/While

he

waseating

his

breakfast,

he

heard

the

doorbell

ring.While

he

was

watching

TV,the

boy

fell

asleep.as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着……”。She

sang

as

she

walked

along.As

the

election

approached,

the

violence（暴行）got

worse.1.She

thought

I

was

praising

her

child

，in

fact，I

was

scolding

him

for

his

bad

behaviors

atschool.A.

what B.

while C.so

that D.

therefore

2.I

do

everysinglebitof

housework

myhusband

Bob

just

does

the

dishes

now

and

then.A.

while B.

since C.

when

D.as3.Wewereswimminginthelake

suddenlythe

storm

started.A.

when B.

while C.

until D.

before16when

while填空B．

before,

after1．beforebefore表示在一段时间之前。I

must

finish

all

the

work

before go

home.回家之前我必须干完所有的活。You

must

first

learn

to

walk

before

you

try

to

run.在想要跑以前，你得先学会走。

He

had

learned

English

for

three

years

before

hewent

to

London.他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。before

常用句型It

is/was

/will

be

…beforeIt

wil

be

five

years

before

we

meet

again.

It

will

be

not

long

before

you

regret

what

youhave

done.It

was

not

long

before

I

realized

I

was

wrong.It

was

minutes

before

the

police

arrived.过了几分钟警察才到。afterafter表在一段时间之后。Let's

play

football

after

school

is

over.放学后我们踢足球吧。

The

sun

came

out

soon

after

the

stormstopped.暴风雨过后不久，太阳出来了。C．till,

until1．Until/till用于肯定句时，表示“直到…为止”，主句必须为持续性动词。We

shall

wait

until

/till

he

comes

back.我们将一直等到他回来。(注意它们的拼写)

Everything

went

well

until/till

that

accidenthappened.直到发生那意外之前，一切都正常。2．Not…until/till表示直到…才，主句通常要用短暂动词，这时until和till可用before代替。I

didn't

leave

until/till/before

she

came

back.直到她回来，我才离开的。Bells

don't

ring

till/until/

you

strike

them.铃不打不响。

People

do

not

know

the

value

of

their

healthtill/until

before

they

lose

it.人们直至失去了健康才知其可贵。注意：

until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。D．since,

ever

since

1．since自……以来。表示动作从过去某一点时间一直延续到说话时间为止。主句中通常为延续性动词的现在完成时，since从句中一般用短暂性动词的一般过去时。It

has

been

just

a

week

since

we

arrived

here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。Where

have

you

been

since

I

last

saw

you?自上次我见过你之后，你去了哪里？Since

she

was

young,

she

has

been

collecting

stamps.她自年轻时起就一直集邮至今。2．ever

since

从那时起直至现在，此后一直。表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长，语气比since强。

Ever

since

they

got

married

in

1950,theyhave

lived

happily.

自一九五零年结婚以来，他们一直生得很幸福。E．as

soon

as

assoonas...可译为“一……就……”，用来表示主从句的动作是紧接着发生的。He

will

come

and

see

you

as

soon

as

hecan.他一有空就来看你。He

rushed

home

as

soon

as

he

got

the

good

news.他一得到这个好消息就奔回家。•tip：“一……就……”还可以用on/upon

doing结构来表示。On/upon

arriving

home

he

called

up

Lester.•

=

As

soon

as

he

arrived

home,

he

called

up

Lester.他一到家就给莱斯特打电话。F.

immediately

,

instantly,

directly相当于as

soon

as，从句中用一般过去时态。

They

phoned

her

immediately

they

reachedhome.他一到家马上就给她打了电话。

I

recognized

her

instantly

I

caught

a

glimpse

ofher.我一看见她就把她认出来了。We

came

directly

we

got

your

telephone.我们一接到你的电话就赶来了。G.

the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,

the

second

这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语从句，表示“一…就…”。He

said

he'd

turn

on

TV

the

moment

he

gothome.他说他一到家就打开电视机。Tell

him

I

need

to

see

him

the

minute

he

arrives.告诉他，他一到我就要见他。

The

second

the

bell

rang,

the

students

rushed

out

oftheclassroom.铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。I．once

once作连词时，也相当于assoonas，但它含有的条件意味更浓，它引导的从句较短。Once

you

begin,

you

must

continue.一旦开了头，你就应当继续下去。Once

you

see

him,

you

will

never

forget

him.你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。

J．next

time,the

first

time,the

last

time,everytime

等Be

sure

to

call

on

us

next

time

you

come

to

town.下次你进城一定来看我们。

He

left

me

a

good

impression

the

first

time

I

methim.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。Every

time

I

see

him

he

looks

miserable.我每次见到他，他都是一付痛苦的表情。

The

last

time

I

spoke

to

Bob,

he

seemed

happyenough.上一次我见到他时，他看上去很开心K．by

the

time

by

the

tine

也可以引导时间状语从句，意为到时为止，主句一般要用完成时态。

By

the

time

he

was

fourteen,

Einstein

hadlearned

advanced

mathematics

all

by

himself.爱因斯坦到十四岁时就自学完了高等数学。(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)

I

shall

have

finished

my

work

by

the

time

youreturn.

在你回来之前我将会做完我的活儿。(从句为一般现在时，主句要用将来完成时)It

is

almost

five

years

we

saw

each

other last

time.A.

before B.

since C.

after D.

when--

Did

you

remember

to

give

Mary

the

money you

owed

her?--

Yes,Igaveittoher

Isawher.A.

while B.

the

moment C.

suddenly D.

when

he

made

up

his

mind,

nothing

could change

his

mind.A.

when B.

until C.

as D.

onceScientists

say

it

may

be

five

or

six

years

itis

possible

to

test

this

medicine

on

humanpatients.A.

since B.

after C.

before D.

whenHe

made

a

mistake,

but

then

he

corrected

the situation

itgotworse.A.

until B.

when C.

before D.

asSimon

thought

his

computer

was

broken

his little

brother

pointed

out

that

he

had

forgotten to

turn

it

on.A.

until B.

unless C.

after D.

because7.

I

was

so

familiar

with

him

that

I

recognizedhisvoice

Ipickedupthephone.whileC.

In

caseB.

afterD.

the

minute8.

How

long

do

you

think

it

will

take

our

product es

popular

with

the

consumers?whenC.

beforeB.

untilD.

since2.

地点状语从句地点状语从句由where.

wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”，wherever指“无论哪里，在任何一个地方”，在使用时：一要注意两者的含义区别。二要注意状语从句和定语从句的区别Put

the

book

where

it

isPut

the

book

in

the

place

where

it

is。三要注意在状语从句中不可使用介词+which引导。1. When

he

reads

a

book,

his

habit

is

to

make

amark

themeaningisuncleartohim.A.

thereC.theplaceB.

whereverD.

in

which2.Ifyouaretravelling

thecustomsaretotally

different

from

your

own,

you

may

feela

cultural

shock.A.in

the

placeC.in

whichB.

whichD.

whereBecause:语气最强,回答whyShe

left

because

she

had

an

appointment.As:较口语化,主从句并列As

she

is

not

well,

I’ll

go

myself.Since/now

that:

既然…,一般放主句前Since

everybody

is

here,

let’s

begin.For:表示对主句的补充说明或推断It

must

have

rained

last

night,

for

it

is

wet

all

over.3.原因状语从句误正比较：because

和for的区别。1．for是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。【 】For

he

did

not

obey

the

rules,

he

waspunished.【 】Because

he

did

not

obey

the

rules,

hewas

punished.由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了出处罚。2．for表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。It

must

have

rained

last

night,

for

the

ground

iswet.昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因）The

day

breaks,for

the

birds

are

singing.天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因）Jenny

was

very

sad

over

the

loss

ofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,

thiswas

a

memory

she

especially

treasured.A.

as B.

if C.

when D.

whereSomepeoplebelievethat

oilis running

out,

the

fate

of

the

motor

industry

is uncertain.A.

/ B.

though C.

for D.

since4.条件状语从句条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作

或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条

件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,

unless (除非),as

/

so

long

as

(只要), on

condition

(只要), in

case(假使),providing/provided

(that),supposing

（that）（假若，倘使），on

condition

that(条件是）等。e.g.

a. We’ll

come

over

to

see

you

on

Saturday

if

wehave

time.b.

We

should

serve

the

people

as

/

so

long

as

we

live.1.

We

will

be

able

to

get

there

on

time,

our

car

doesn’t

break

down

on

the

road.A.

as

soon

asC.

as

long

asB.

as

far

asD.

as

well

as2.

In

time

of

serious

accidents,

we

knowsome

basic

things

about

first

aid,

we

cansave

lives.A.

whetherC.

ifB.

untilD.

unless3.

youhavetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasant

it

is.A.

UnlessC.AlthoughB.

BecauseD.

WhenTheofficialsoonrealizedthat,

,

things would

get

worse.unless

dealtwith

properlyif

not

properly

dealing

with

itunless

properly

dealt

withif

dealt

not

properlywith5.让步状语从句在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。通常由下列词语引导：though,although,

even

if, even

though,while,

no

matter

who/…

, however

，as等。让步状语从句可以位于主句前、后，有时插在主句中间。Though/although，even

if，even

thoughThough

/

Although

he

was

old,

he

workedhard.

= He

was

old

but

heworked

hard.注意一个典型的中国错误：though/

although

切不可与but连用。while,

whereas

这两个词也可引导让步状语从句，突出主句和从句的对比。

While

I

understand

what

you

say,I

can't

agreewith

you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。

Some

people

like

fat

meat,

whereas

others

hateit.有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。no

matter

(who,

what,

where,

when,

etc)however,

whatever,

whenever,

wherever这几个词引导的让步状语从句语气十分强烈。This

is

not

true,

no

matter

who

says

so.不管谁这么说，都不对。Do

it

no

matter

what

others

say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。

No

matter

how

bus

he

was,

he

studied

Englishevery

day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。whether...or

(not)

...whether...or

(not)...意思是“不管……还是……”

Whether

you

believe

it

or

not,it's

true.不管你信不信，这是真的。

Whether

the

weather

is

good

or

bad,

they

willset

off

as

planned.不管天气是好还是坏，他们都要按计划启程。提示：也可直接用or来连接两个相同结构来表示让步。

Walking

or

sleeping,

she

always

has

the

questionin

hermind.无论走路还是睡觉，她总是想着这个问题。

连词as，同though一样，也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。Young

as

he

is,

he

knows

a

lot.

他虽然年轻，但懂得很多。(=Though

he

isyoung,he

knows

alot.)Cold

as

it

is,

the

children

play

outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。1.

Iaccept

thatheisnotperfect,

Idoactually

like

the

person.A.

WhileC.

BeforeB.

sinceD.

Unless2.

The

workers

are

determined

to

go

through

withtheirrailwayproject,

theexpenseshaverisen.A. as

longasC.

now

thatB.

eventhoughD.

as

though

,

he

knows

more

than

other

childrenof hisage.However

young

child

heisChild

as

heisNo

matter

how

young

child

isWhat

ayoungchild

heis4.Ireallywantthematch,howevermuch

.A.doesitcostC.

willitcostB.

costs

itD.

it

costs5.

we

havefinishedthecourse,

we

shallstart

doing

more

revision

work.A. For

nowC.

By

nowB.

NowthatD.

until

,

the

idea

of

having

to

work

under

a woman

defeated

him.Wanting

the

job

very

muchAlthough

wanting

the

job

badlyThough

he

wanted

the

job

verymuchHe

wanted

the

job

badly1.—Did

the

door-keeper

let

you

in?--No.

I

tried

to

tell

him

I

was

yourrelative,

he

just

didn’t

believe

me.A.EvenifC.

No

matterB.

HD.oweverWhether2.Food

shortage

will

long

be

a

world

problem

much

has

been

done

to

supplyenough

for

everyone.A.

althoughC.

sinceB.

no

matterD.

before6.

目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词:in

order

that

…用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。sothat较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so

有时可省;从句中一般要有情态动词for

fear

that（以免）; in

case（以防）;lest

(以免)等。so

thatPlease

remind

me I

won’t

forget

to

take

thecamera.Please

remind

me

in order

that

I

will

remember

totake

the

camera.I

walked

into

the

room

quietly

for

fear

that

Iwouldn’t

wake

up

myfather.Take

an

umbrella

in

case

youare

caught

in

rain.1.Rosesneedspecialcare

theycan

livethroughA.

becausewinteB.

sr.o

that C.

even

if D.as2.I'dliketoarrive20minutesearly

I

canhave

time

for

a

cup

of

tea.A.as

soon

aC.

in

cases

B.D.

sas

a

resultothatYou'd

better

take

something

to

read

when

you

go

toseethedoctor

youhavetowait.A.

even

if B.

as

if C.

in

case D.

in

order

thatHisplanwassuchagoodone

we

all

agreed

toaccept

it.A.

so B.and C.

that D.

as7.

结果状语从句结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由so,

so

…that, such

…that; so

that

等引导。e.g.

a.

So

quickly

did

he

run

that

I

couldn’t

catch

upwith

him.b.

Thebusbrokedown

so

thatwe

had

towalk

home.★c.

He

got

to

the

station

finally,

only

tofindthetrainhad

left.8.

方式状语从句描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导：as, just

as, as

if,as

though, according

to

等。e.g.

a.

We

must

do

as

the

Party

tells

us.Leave

the

things

as

they

are.Most

plants

needsunlightjustas

theyneedwater.It

sounds

asif

it

is

raining.9.

比较状语从句比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：as

…as, notso

/

as

…

as,

more…than,less

…

than,

the

more

+

adj.

/

adv.,

the

more+

adj.

/

adv.e.g.

a.

He

is

not

so/ashealthy

ashisbrother.b.

They

jumped

upand

down

as

hardas

theycould.c.

Johnis

lesscleverthan

Peter.1．

you’ve

got

a

chance,

you

might

as

well

makefull

use

ofit.A.

Now

that B.After C.

Although D.

As

soon

as2．Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttore