商务英汉口译的技巧与策略分析

PAGEtookinterpretingasaprofessionandthestaffasrespectableinterpretersandsincethen,interpretingbecamearemarkableprofessionthroughouttheworld.InChina,interpretationhasbeenaprofessionformorethan2000years.Peoplethosewhooriginallytookupinterpretingastheircareerhavebeencalled“译”,“寄”,“象”,“狄鞮”,“通事”or“通译”,etc.Butthedevelopmentdidn’tgetanywhereuntil1920s,whentheincreasingexpansionininternationalcommunicationarousedtheexperts’attention,butanyway,itcouldnotcatchupwiththewesternworldininterpretingresearchwithahistoryofmorethan50years..2.2TheSignificanceofBusinessInterpretationanditsFutureDevelopmentWiththeimplementationofChina’sreformandopening-uppolicy,moreandmorepeopleofvariouscirclescometoChinafromdifferentpartsoftheworldandtakepartininternationalcooperation.TheincreaseofexchangeandcontactbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworldresultsintheincreasingneedofinterpretersbetweenChineseandotherlanguages,particularlytheinterpretersincombinationofChineseandEnglish.Withtheextensiveandintensivedevelopmentandexpansionofglobaleconomyandtrade,thereisanurgentneedofhighlyqualifiedbusinessinterpreters.ThatplacesagreatchallengeonlotsofChinese-Englishinterpretingprofessionalswithaviewtosucceedinginbusinessinterpretation.Afteranalyzingtheskillsandstrategiesofbusinessinterpretation,withcomprehensiveunderstandingandmasteryofitspracticalapplication,suggestionsinthisarticlewouldbehelpfultobreakthroughthechallengeandgettoanideallevelinbusinessinterpretation.3.CriterionforInterpretingandBasicRequirementsforBusinessInterpreters:Interpretingisaprocessof“understandingandmakingunderstood”.Interpretersfirstofalllistentothesourcetextandthenanalyzethediscourseandunderstandthemessageandthenreconstructthemessageinthetargetlanguageandconveyittotheaudiencemakingthelistenersunderstandthespeaker’smessage.Intheprocessofinterpreting,itinvolvesalotofdifficultiesandchallenges.Interpretershavetolistentothesourcespeech,analyzethemessageandreconstructitinthetargetlanguageonthespot.Theycannotconsultdictionariesoranyotherreferencedocumentswhileinterpretingthespeeches.Therefore,inordertoachievesuccessfulinterpreting,interpretersaresupposedtobehighlyqualified.Ingeneral,aprofessionalinterpreterisrequiredtohaveastrongsenseofduty,ahighleveloflinguisticproficiency,wideencyclopediaknowledgeandagoodmasteryofinterpretingskills.3.1DifferentStatementsontheCriterionofInterpreting“Faithfulness、expressiveness、elegance”hasbeenawell-knowncriterionfortranslation,whichwasproposedbyYanFu,theChineseexpertintranslation.Butforinterpreting,differentinterpretationsandviewpointsofitscriterionareheldbymanyscholarsaroundtheworld.Forinstance,DanicaSeleskovitch,whoisthefounderofaninfluentialschoolofthoughtintranslationstudies,theinterpretivetheory(lethéoriedel’interprétation)emergedinthelate1960sinFrance,heldthatinterpretingisakindofinterpretivetranslationofwhichanimportantprincipleorcriterionis“makingsense”.Ontheotherhand,theseniorexpertininterpreting,ProfessorZhongShukonghasstressedtheprincipleofthecombinationbetween“accuracyandfluency”ininterpreting,whichissimilartoacriterionputforwardbyMeiDeming.Furthermore,LiYueranadvancesthatthecriterionforinterpretingis“accuracy、fluencyandswiftness”andZhongWeiheproposesthatinterpretersaresupposedtoadheretotheprincipleof“faithful、fluentandtimely”.FangFanquan,then,sumsuptheprincipleofinterpreting,namely,“timely、accurate、comprehensive、natural、fluentandeasytounderstand”.3.2TheExcellenceofBusinessInterpretation:“Accuracy”and“Flexibility”Theexcellenceofbusinessinterpretationliesin“accuracy”and“flexibility”.“Accuracy”isthepremiseofinterpreting.Asweallknowthat,performingisthecoreoftheinterpretingprocess.Asuccessfulperformanceininterpretationreliesontheaccuracyofinterpretingofthemessageofthespeaker;otherwise,itwouldleadtomisunderstandingorevenhugelosses.Inaddition,businessinterpretersarerequiredtobemoreflexibleduringinterpretation.Onsomeoccasions,whencomingacrossawkwardness(suchasslangorlocalexpressions),forthesakeofcatchingupwiththeinformationflow,substitutionisquiteacleverway,aslongasitgoeswiththemainideaofthetalkorconversation.Therefore,omissionandjumpingovertothemainpointismoreimportant.Thecontradictionbetween“accuracy”and“flexibility”shouldbedealtwithmeaningfullyandnaturallywithoutinterferingwiththegeneralflowoftheprocess.4.SkillsandStrategiesofBusinessInterpretation4.1PreparationforBusinessInterpretationPreparing(P)isthefoundationofasuccessfulinterpretingperformance.Awell-preparedinterpreterfeelsconfidentandrelaxed.Therearetwotypesofpreparation.“Oneisshort-termpreparation,andtheotherisshort-termpreparation.Ingeneral,theinterpreterspreparefortheinterpretingtaskfromthefollowingfouraspects:namely,linguisticandinterpretingskills(S),encyclopedicandsubjectknowledge(K),professionalvocabularyandterminologies(V),andcross-cultureawareness(C).Hence,theinterpretingcanbeformulatedasfollows:P=S+K+V+C.”（XuXiaozheng，2006:5）Inthecontextofinterpreting,aninterpretershouldbeawarethat“tohear”isnotonlytoknowallthewordsthatarebeingspoken,buttograspthemainideasoftheoriginalspeech,foritisthemeaningthatistobeinterpreted,notthewords.Thepureunderstandingofwordaloneisnotsufficientforinterpreterstoreconstructideaseffectively.Interpretersaresupposedtobeabletoseizemeaningwhentheylistentothespeaker,andtheymustthereforelistenactively.However,to“graspthemainideas”or“seizemeaning”isinnosenseaneasyjobformanycollegestudents.Here,fivetypesofbusinesssituationsaresettospecifyhowtowell-preparedbusinessinterpretation.Fivetypesofsituationsinbusinessinterpretation:(i)BusinessnegotiationWhenwearenoticedtoparticipateabusinessnegotiationconferenceasaninterpreter,wearesupposedtofamiliarizeourselveswiththefigures,thecontentofnegotiationandthevocabularyconcernedintalkingbeforehand.Sometimes,abusinessnegotiationinvolvesprice(s)ofgoods,quantityofpurchasingandsupplying,MOQ(minimumofquantity),termsofpayment,timeofdeliveryandthequalityorfeaturesofgoods,etc.Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater.Figuresinterpretationisconsideredasaninterpreter’sbigheadache.(XuXiaozheng,2006:188)Followingsaresomenotabledifficulties,suchas,“Wan”vs.millionand“Yi”vs.billion,comparisonexpressions(times,triple,fourfold,etc.),measurementunits(kilometersvs.miles),decimalsandfractions.OtherkindsoffigureslikeMOQ,price,areasandvolumemustbetakenintoconsiderationaswell.(ii)BusinesstravelBusinesstravelisverycommonfortheinterpreteranditcallsforhiscross-culturalsensitivity.Beforewegoforabusinesstour,we’dbettersearchforsomeculturalandregionalinformationofacertainplaceyou’reheadingfor. (iii)CeremonialaddressBeforetheparticipantstakepartinaceremony,asocialbutformalconferencenotonlyforthespeakers,butfortheinterpreters,“well-preparingyouraudience”willcontributetoyourspeechandinterpretation.(iiii)Advertising＆PublicityAsfortheadvertisingorpublicityofcommodity,theinterpreterhastofamiliarizehimselfwiththeproduct’smainfeatures,functions,lifespan,etc.(iiiii)Finance＆SecuritiesPeopleinvolveinthefieldoffinancearesupposedtobehighlysensitiveandvigilanttotheinformationflowmarchingonthewavealongthetime,aswellasbusinessinterpreters.Theyshallbemoreattentiveandsensitivetonewinformationflowaboutstock,securitiesbutthecurrentaffairsthroughoutthegloberesultingfromtheindivisibleandinterdependentconnectionbetweenthetwosides.4.2ActiveListeningGenerallyspeaking,tolistenactively,aninterpretermustbeactivetoperceivethesoundsaccuratelyandconstantlyfocusontheinformationconveyedbythesounds.Inordertomaintainactivelistening,businessinterpretersaresupposednotonlytoapplysomelisteningskillsconcernedbuttofollowsomebasicguidelinesaswell.4.2.1ListentotheMeaningFirstly,listentothemeaningsinsteadofwords.Whatthespeakertriestoconveyandwhatthelistenerisinterestedinisnotthewordsbutthemessageorinformationthatisconcerned.Tomakeoutthespeaker’sidea,therefore,istheinterpreter’stopprioritysothatinterpretersareexpectedtofollowthespeakercloselyandcatchtheideawhilelistening.Tosomeextent,thisguidelinealsocallsforinterpreter’slisteningskills.AsfortheinterpretersfromnativeEnglish-speakingcountry,“listentothemeaning”maybefareasiertoattainthantheforeigners.Besides,undernocircumstancecanagreenhorncompletelycatchallthewordsanEnglishspeakerhassaid,letalonelistenforthemeaning.Ittakesscrupulousandarduouseffortsinpracticingandtraining.4.2.2ListenforContentandAttitudeThesecondguidelineforactivelisteningistolistenforbothcontentandattitude.”Listenfor”insomeway,referstothedirectionofinformationfloworwhatyouareintendedtogetfromthespeaker’swords,likewisethecontentofwordsandattitudethewordsconvey.Thetotalmeaningofmessageconsistsofbothideaandfeeling.Thespeakerschoosetheirownsentencestructuresandspeakintheirowntonetoexpresstheiridea.Besides,thesamesentencesmaymeandifferentlybydifferentspeakersorsometimesbythesamespeakerwhospeakindifferenttones,sothatinterpretersshallattachmoreimportancetothecontentandthespeakers’attitude.4.2.3Predicting“Predicting”whilelistening,isthethirdpopularmethod.Predicting,tosomeextent,playsanimportantroleinthepreparationofinterpreting.Aftertheinterpreterisinformedofaninterpretationtask,hestartshispreparationimmediately.Heshallpredictwhattheconversation,meetingorspeecharegenerallyabout,andwhatarethetermsconcernedintheinterpretation.Ontheonehand,thepredictionofthecontentswouldbehelpfulforyourlistening;furthermore,tofamiliarizeyourselfwiththerelevanttermsorvocabularycouldcontributetogoodperformanceininterpreting.4.3“Note-taking”StrategyInterpretingisamemorydemandingprofessionthanawrittentranslationprocess.Note-takingispopulartoallskillfulinterpreters.Itisanindispensabletoolforinterpretersinconsecutiveinterpretingandithelpsinterpretersreproducetheoriginalmeaningaccurately.Note-takingplaysaveryimportantroleinthecourseofinterpretinganditservesasavitalaidtogoodinterpretation.However,whattotake?Howtotake?Andhowtomakethemostofnote-takingforbetterinterpreting?Itisuneasyevenimpossibletotakedowneverywordtheinterpretershear.Theyshould,therefore,beclearaboutwhatoughttobenoteddownandwhataretobekeptinmind.Ithinktherearesomeitemsthataresupposedtobetakendownasfollows:keywordsandmainideas,importantfiguresandprofessionalterms,andsoonandsoforth.4.3.1AbbreviationsandSymbolsforMinuteTakingAsforhowtotakenotes,itisverymuchaquestionofpersonalreference:Firstly,useabbreviationsandsymbolsforminutetaking.“Abbreviationsandsymbolsaccountformuchoftheveteraninterpreters’notes.Usingabbreviationsandsymbolsinsteadofwordsinfullspellingiswhatalmosteveryprofessionalinterpreterpracticeswhentakingnotes,astheabbreviationsandsymbolssavetimeandefforts.”(XuXiaozheng,2006:98)（i）Abbreviations,forinstance,“MSG”refersto“message”,“MKT”means“market”,“FRT”standsfor“freight”,“Co”for“company”.ASAP—asfastaspossibleADS—addressAPT—apartmentAMT—amountAD—advertisementAMSP—asmuchaspossibleBAL—balanceBORR--borrowCMI—commissionCMU—communicationCND—conditionCOR—corporationDISC—discountD.—dayordateINFO—informationIMP—importantINCD—includeINS—insurance（ii）SymbolsandsignsMostofinterpreterspreferusingsomeideogrammicsymbolsforbetterminutetakingandinterpretationinaspeechorconference.Forexample,“☆”standsfor“important,outstanding,model,best,etc.”“√”for“right,correct,good,sure,certain”“□”,whichoriginatesfromChinese,standsfor“state,nation,country”“○”oracirclemeans“earth,globe”or“international,globalorworldwide”“⊙”,likearoundtablewithapoint,represents“meeting,conference,symposiumordiscussion”“∪”，aglass,standsfor“agreement,treaty,contract”“﹟”for“endingorstop”“～”for“reverse”“°”for“people,person,man”“↑”for“rise,goup,ascend,skyrocket,increase,floatupward,appreciation,improve,enhance,promote”“↓”for“set,godown,descend,decrease,depreciation,slash,drop,slip,fall,deteriorate”“↗”for“thesame,similar”“↘”for“invest,investment”and“↘°”means“investor”“∵”for“because,becauseof,owingto,thanksto,since,dueto,as”;Accordingly,“∴”standsfor“therefore,consequently,asaresult,so,hence”“：”meansfor“think,hope,believe”.4.3.2TheLay-outofNote-takingSecondly,skillfulinterpretersshallkeeptheirnotesbriefincontentandsimplyjotdownthekeypoints,whichhadbetterbepreferablyreducedtotheminimuminnumberaswellasmorelinesforthesakeofcheckandreview.Thelayoutofnote-taking,therefore,shallbetakenintoaccountforminutetaking.Therearefourguidelinesforthelayoutofnote-taking(1)diagonallayout(2)theleft-handmargin(3)verticalityoflists(4)thehorizontallineseparatingideas.(i)Diagonallayout:Acompletesentencecanbedividedinto3parts:thesubject(S),thepredicate(Verb)andtheobject(O).Wecantakeitinadiagonalwayfornote-takingasfollows:SVerbO(ii)Theleft-handmarginApartfromthesubject,predicatesandobject,conjunctionsalsoplayanessentialroleinnote-taking.Thus,theleft-handmarginleftfortheconjunctionsissupposedtobeabout1~2cmwideseparatedbyaverticallinewiththesubject.Conj.︱SVerbO(iii)VerticalityoflistsE.g.“Lastyeartheforeigncapitalhasbeeninvestedinfinance,insurance,realestate,commerce,entertainment,educationandhealthandsoonandsoforth.”Inminutetakingversion:.y外↘FncIns房Com娱EdHeal﹟(iiii)ThehorizontallineseparatingideasE.g.“JapanhascomplainedthatitssteelexportstotheEuropeanUnionareunabletodevelopbecauseofexcessivelyrestrictivetariffquotas.ButtheUnionrepresentativepointedoutthatquotasarestillunderusedbyJapanbyalargemargin,sothetariffquotasthemselvesdidn’tappeartobecreatingthedifficulties.”Thisparagraphinvolvestwopartsseparatedby“but”.Wecantakeitinthisway:日steel→EUbutEU:Not↑∵关duty∣日用足∣∣∴quo→diffi(HuangChengzhou,2009:204)4.4SkillsandStrategiesonSpecialOccasionsofBusinessInterpretation4.4.1“Conflict”inBusinessInterpretationOnsomeoccasions,businessinterpreterswouldencountermoreorlessconflictsorstalematesduringbusinessnegotiationsorconferencesbetweentwopartiesorevenmore.Whatmakesitworseisthateitherofthemmayevenappeartobehostileinwordsormannerstoanother.Inthiscase,however,theinterpreters,astheintermediariesbetweenthenegotiators,shalltakeontheaccountabilitytosoftenandcoordinatethedeadlock.However,howcouldbusinessinterpretersdealwithsuchkindofsituationduringbusinessnegotiations?Forinstance,afterthenegotiationonpricebetweenanexporterandthepurchaser,bothofthetwopartswerestillunwillingtomakeaconcessionintermsoftheprice.Thetalkfellintoastalemateorevenworse.Atthatmoment,what’stheworse;thepurchaserspottedsomedefectsontheproductsandappearedmorecontemptativeinhiswordswith“vulgarity”.Whatcouldtheinterpreterdo?Shouldheinterpretthepurchaser’s“contemptative”wordstohiscounterpartastheexporter’sinquired?Itturnedouttobeadilemmaforhim.“Todoornottodo,that’saquestion.”Atthatmoment,aqualifiedbusinessinterpreterissuggestedtoslowdownthetalkorevenstopforawhile,andthenreflectoncoordinatingtwopartsforconciliationandharmonywithadrinkormakingajoke.“WilliamUry’ssuggestionforheatedconflictsistostop,listen,andthink,whenthesituationgetstense.Bythishemeanswithdrawfromthesituation,stepback,andreflectonwhatisgoingonbeforeyouact.Thishelpsincrossculturalcommunicationaswell.Whenthingsseemtobegoingbadly,stoporslowdownandthink.Whatcouldbegoingonhere?IsitpossibleImisinterpretedwhattheysaid,ortheymisinterpretedme?Oftenmisinterpretationisthesourceoftheproblem.”(CuiSong，2004:45)5.CulturalConflictsinBusinessInterpretation5.1CopingwiththeCulturalConflictsCulturalconflictsmaywellbeanimpetustohostilityandcontemptinbusinessconference.Abusinessnegotiation,anyway,hasmuchtodowithacross-culturalcommunication.Cross-culturalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationbetweenindividualsfromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedatremendouswaveofglobalization,sweepingovertheworld,connectingallnationsinaclosewaywehaveeverseenandmadearealsensetothetermof“globalvillage”.AccordingtoNationalStatisticsBureau,morethan$2.6trillionisnowexchangedintheworld’scurrencymarketseachday,andnearlyafifthofthegoodsandservicesproducedeachyeararetraded.Butglobalizationhasmuchtodowithflowofmoneyandcommoditieswhichleadstotheobviousgrowinginterdependenceoftheworld’speople.Andglobalizationisalsoaprocessofintegratingtheeconomywithculture,technologyandgovernance.“Inthemegatrendofglobalizationcross-culturalcommunicationhasbeenveryactiveasapioneer,whichleadsitselfasignificantglobalphenomenon.”(LiQiang,2006:136)Oftenbusinessinterpreters,familiarwithculturesofeachpartnercanbehelpfulincross-culturalcommunicationsituations.Fortheycanturnsomemightbestrongstatementsintoacceptablefromoneculturetothetargetlanguagereceivertoavoidmisunderstanding.Forinstance,asanbusinessinterpreteronChina’part,howtoputthisChinesesentence“新发现的海洋石油矿藏令一些缺油国家垂涎三尺”intoappropriateandnaturalEnglish?Therearetwoversionsofitstranslation:“Thenewly-discoveredoildepositsintheseaseemtobeapieceoffatmeattosomeoil-hungrycountries.”Fatmeat”,inthiscase,isusedasametaphorthatmeans“somethingthatsomeonedesirefor”,while,itturnsouttobevirtuallytheopposedinEnglishthatrefersto“somethingwhichissupposedtobeabandonedorthrownaway”.“Thenewly-discoveredoildepositsintheseaseemtobeapieceofthecaketosomeoil-hungrycountries.”Thesecondversionmadebybusinessinterpreterswhopossessagoodcommandofcross-culturalcommunication,seemsquiteappropriateandnativeinEnglishforthosefromEnglish-speakingcountries.Theycanalsoadjustthetimingofwhatissaidanddone.SomeculturesmovequicklytothepointsuchastheBritishandNorthEuropean;otherstalkaboutotherthingslongenoughtoestablishrapportorarelationshipwiththeotherpersonlikeJapanese,SouthKorean,AmericanandChinese,etc.Ifdiscussionontheprimarytopicbeginstoosoon,thegroupthatneedsa"warmup"firstwillfeeluncomfortable.Amediatororintermediarywhounderstandsthiscanexplaintheproblem,andmakeappropriateproceduraladjustments.Therehavebeenafewfactorsmakingdrasticinfluenceoncross-culturalcommunicationduringbusinessinterpretation,suchasidiom,nonverbalcommunication,slang,proverb.5.1.1IdiomsinCross-culturalCommunication“Idiomsaretheessenceofalanguage,whichhavestrongnationalcolorsanddistinctiveculturalconnotations.SoitisdifficultforbothEnglishandChinesetounderstandtheidiomtranslationthoroughlyandexactly.”(HongLijun,2008:67)Let’stakeaChineseidiomasanexample:“Yubangxiangzheng”(鹬蚌相争),whoseliteralmeaningis“Pleasebemoreconsiderate,donotonlypayattentiontotheverycloseinterest,wemusttakethelongruntoavoidthethirdcompetitor’sattack.”Or“Wearefightinghardintheboxingmatch,whilethenextplayeriswaitingforourtouchdownwithacoffee.”Inthiscase,interpreters,asintermediariesforcommunication,aresupposedtofamiliarizethemselveswithnationalorregionalcivilizationandculturalconventionsinlong-termpreparationforinterpreting.Foranotherinstance,onceinabusinessconference,aChineserepresentativementionedthat“wewouldliketosetupthe‘one-dragon’service（“一条龙”服务）centertoprovideacoordinatedprocessserviceforforeigninvestorsinobtainingapproval.”Asfortheforeigners,suchaChineseidiommaysupposedlypuzzlethemorevenleadtomisunderstanding.Onmypart,Iprefertothefollowingversionintranslation:“wewouldliketosetupafullrangeofservicecentertoprovideacoordinatedprocessserviceforforeigninvestorsinobtainingapproval”。Duringanotherbusinessnegotiation,forexample,onceaChinesemanagersaidthat“weshallnotissueblankpapertoyou;wewillpayyouontime.”（我们不会开空头支票，一定准时付款。）“Blankpaper”(空头支票),whichissofamiliartoourChinesepeople,wouldturnouttobefarobscurerfortheforeigners.Itmaywellbemuchbettersubstitutedby“IOU”(Ioweyou),similarinmeaningtotheChineseidiom,“blankpaper”.Apreferableversionofthesentence:“weshallnotissueIOUStoyou.”“Child’splay”,aEnglishidiom,forexample,isusuallymisunderstoodas“儿戏”inChineseonbusinessoccasions.“Child’splay”refersto“somethingveryeasytodo,somethingnotveryimportant”,however,“儿戏”isoccasionallyusedasfigureofspeechthatmeans“beingirresponsibleorperfunctoryforsomethingthatisconcerned.”Idioms,slangsorproverbsinEnglishorChinesehavestrongnationalcolorsanddistinctiveculturalconnotationswhichplacehigherrequirementsonbusinessinterpretersincross-culturalcommunication.5.1.1TheKeytoEffectiveCross-culturalCommunicationAccordingly,thekeytoeffectivecross-culturalcommunicationforbusinessinterpreterstomeetthehigherrequirementisknowledge.First,itisessentialthatpeopleunderstandthepotentialproblemsofcross-culturalcommunication,andmakeaconsciousefforttoovercometheseproblems.Secondly,itisimportanttoassumethatone’seffortswillnotalwaysbesuccessful,andadjustone’sbehaviorappropriately.Forexample,interpretershouldalwaysassumethatthereisasignificantpossibilitythatculturaldifferencesarecausingcommunicationproblems,andbewillingtobepatientandforgiving,ratherthanhostileandaggressive,ifproblemsdevelop.Interpretersshouldrespondslowlyandcarefullyincross-culturalexchanges,notjumpingtotheconclusionthatyouknowwhatisbeingthoughtandsaid.Cross-culturalexchangescallforbusinessinterpreters’perseveranceandprofoundknowledgenotonlyininternationaleconomyandtrade,butinvariousculturalorpoliticalbackgrounds,etc.DuringthePremierWen’sPressConferencein2010,alineofChina’sancientpoemwasquotedinPremier’sspeech,as“亦余心之所善兮，虽九死其犹未悔”;“九死”,anidiominChinese,seemedsoobscuretotheforeignersthattheinterpreterputitinthisway:“FortheidealthatIholddeartomyheart，I’dnotregretathousandtimestodie.”Hereby,“athousandtimestodie”turnedouttobemorenaturalandnativefortheforeigners’understanding.AndtheinterpreterZhangLu,aseniorinterpreter,isacknowledgedasoneofChina’smostextraordinaryinterpretersafterherexcellentinterpretationduringtheConference,notonlyforherperseveredperspirationinprofessionaltrainingandworkinbusinessinterpretation,butforherprofoundknowledgeandcomprehensionofChina’sandglobalcivilizationslikeChina’sancientpoems,idiomsandotheraspectsaswell,bothofwhichentailtheoreticalinstructionsanddiligenceaswellassubstantialquantityofpractice.Thesecondwaytoachieveeffectivecross-culturalcommunication,therefore,istobroadenrangeofexperienceincommunicationwithpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgrounds.Experiencemeanspractice,inwhichinterpreterscouldputthetheoreticalinstructionsintopracticalapplication.6.ConclusionInterpreting,asanoraltranslationactivity,hasbeenadispensableelementincross-culturalcommunicationallaroundtheworld.Meanwhile,asChina’economyhasbeendevelopingbyleapsandbounds,businessinterpretationbetweenChineseandEnglishbecomeincreasinglypopularinthefieldofinternationaltradeandexchange.Interpreters,therefore,areinurgentneedtheirqualityishighlyrequiredaswell.Businessinterpretersshallacquirenotonlyprofessionalknowledgeininternationaltradeandcommercebutagoodcommandofskillsandstrategiesaboutpreparation,activelistening,note-takinginChinese-Englishinterpreting.Besides,businessinterpretersaresupposedtobescrupulousandprudentialateveryaspect,ascross-culturalconflictsandpersonalconducts.Duringinterpretation,forwithouttheirspecialandaccuratelanguagestranslation,thetalkwouldfinallybebrokenandinmanycasesoneoftheirmistakescouldruinthewholeprocess,whichshouldbeavoidedcompletelyfromtheverybeginning.Inthisway,fineethics-basedpro