具体译法和抽象译法专业知识讲座课件

transportation→交通→交通工具translation→翻译→翻译作品family→家庭→家庭成员class→班级→全班学生verytimid→非常胆小→胆小如鼠doevilthingsopenly→毫不隐蔽的干坏事→明火执仗befullofanxietyandworry→十分挂念→牵肠挂肚agreatandthorough-goingchange→翻天覆地的变化veryanxioustoreturnhome→归心似箭havenotcutoffrelationshipcompletely→藕断丝连greatinmomentumandirresistible→排山倒海之势acceleratethespeed；speedup→快马加鞭大吵大闹→raisetheroof公开认错→standinawhitesheet有花不完的钱→haveenoughmoneytoburn话中有话→withthetongueinthecheek获得全胜→sweeptheboard机敏→keeponeseyesontheball坚决反对→setone’sfaceagainst简言之→inanutshell截然不同→oilandvinegar家丑→askeletoninthecupboard鲁莽的人→abullinachinashop捏造→pullsomethingoutofoneshat非常罕见→onceinabluemoon干苦差事→hold（carry）thebaby反应快→thinkonone’sfeet→quickonthetrigger保密→keepsomethingunderone’shatWeshouldbynomeansneglecttheevaporationofwater.我们绝不能忽视水的蒸发作用。Allthepeoplewereexasperatedbyhisfault-finding.大家都被他这种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。Hisarrogancesenthimintoisolationandhelplessness.他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。Manychangestakeplaceduringthetransformation.在转化过程中出现了许多变化。Theblackpeoplewerefightingagainstthesegregationofthegovernment.黑人正在同政府的隔离政策作斗争。Thecrimesenthimintonotoriety.这一罪行使他陷入声名狼藉的境地。John’slightheartedness,however,didnotlastlong.然而，约翰的这种轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。Yourfrustrationwilldonogoodtoyourhealth.你的沮丧情绪于你的身体不利。Thegovernmentisdoingitsbesttoeasethetensioninthatarea.政府正在竭尽全力来缓和那个地区的紧张局势。他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。Hehasmanyhotpotatoestohandleeveryday.我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的东西。IamnotsurewhetherIcanwinthehonor;It’sabirdinthebush.你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.Therealdifficultiesstilllayahead.我们决不能姑息坏人。Weshouldneverwarmsnakesinourbosoms.我不想依靠父母过日子。Idon’twanttohangonmyparentssleeves.你应该把好坏分清楚。Youshouldseparatethesheepfromthegoats.同反复无常的人没法相处。It’shardtogetalongwithamanblowinghotandcold.他这个人只管自己的事。Heisamanwhohoeshisownpotatoes.你真是说话不看对象。Youarereallycastingpearlsbeforeswine.这个男孩真粗心，他的书都已经折角了。Thisboyistoocareless;allhisbooksaredog-eared.具体翻译主要包括三种类型：1，语义上具体化。eg：运输→运输工具。班级→全班学生2.抽象名词在语言形式上的具体化手法，主要是在抽象名词后面加上范畴词。eg：蒸发作用，傲慢态度，转换过程3.抽象名词在比喻形象上的具体化手法。eg：非常胆小→胆小如鼠姑息坏人→warmsnakesinourbosoms分清好坏→separatesheepfromgoats抽象译法为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法称为抽象译法。（概括）makefishofoneandfleshofanother→厚此薄彼licksb‘sboots→巴结eatone’sheartout→极度悲痛beinsb’spocket→被某人操纵wearone’sheartonone’ssleeve→表露感情putone’scardsonthetable→表明观点breaktheice→打破僵局jumpoutofone’sskin→大吃一惊walkonair→得意洋洋谦虚态度→modesty发展过程→development无知的表现→innocence同情心理→sympathy开门见山→comestraighttothepoint狗急跳墙→dosomethingdesperate顺手牵羊→walkoffwithsomething唇枪舌剑→engageinabattleofargument黔驴技穷→atone’swit’sendIwaspracticallyonmykneesbuthestillrefused.我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。HeisarollingstoneIdon’tthinkhecangofar.他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。I’llbreakmynecktogetthisdonebyFriday,butIcan’tpromiseforsure.我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事，但是我不能打包票。Bythismeansshecastinabonebetweenthistwofriends.她用这种方法来离间这两个朋友。Thematterwasfinallysettledunderthetable.事情终于私下解决了。Heearnshardlyenoughtokeepbodyandsoultogether.他挣得钱几乎难以维持生活。Ihavenoheadformusic.我没有音乐方面的天赋。Pleasedon’twakeasleepingdog.请不要惹是生非。Youcanalwaysfallbackuponhimwhenyouareindifficulties.遇到困难时，你总可以像他求助。这是他们自己的事情，你去插一脚干嘛？That’sabusinessoftheirown,whywouldyougetinvolvedin?别人家里鸡毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！Youknowallthebitsandpiecesoftriflesofotherfamilies.Youarereallywellinformed.这消息让我出了一身冷汗。Ｉwasextremelyterrifiedbythatnews.他万万没想到在他前进的道路上竟会出现这么多拦路虎。Hehadneverexpectedsomanyobstacleswouldstandinhisway.她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。Shevolunteeredfortheteachingpostinthisprimaryschool.我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。Idarenotshowoffinthepresenceofanexpert.Ihopeyouwouldbekindenoughtoenlightenusonthismatter.这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。Theseproblemsaretoocomplicatedtobeexplainedclearlyinafewwords.今天下午的球赛棋逢对手，一定很精彩。Thisafternoon’sballgameissuretobeanexcitingone,forthetwosidesarewell-matched.他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。Theyworkedfaithfullyintheserviceoftheenemies.我们一直往前走吧！不要三心二意。Let’sgostraightahead.Don’tbewavering.真正的好朋友应该是雪中送炭。Arealgoodfriendshouldbeoneofferingtimelyhelp.他这几天心里七上八下，老是安静不下来。Hismindwasinaturmoilthesedaysandhewas