南京工程学院车辆工程系年第一学期2023英语试卷

班级_______姓名________学号________南京工程学院车辆工程系班级_______姓名________学号________2023—2023学年第一学期英语期中考试总分100分Part1ReadingComprehension(skimmingandscanning)15minCollegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaidGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2023.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility(资格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2021-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(异口同声)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐赠),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(选辑)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpoliciesC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollmentsC)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.A)itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsrankingB)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievementsC)it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudentsD)it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutionsC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialsituations6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfieldPart2ListeningComprehension35minSectionA11.A)BecausethewomanwanttowritesomethingaboutApollo11.B)Becausethewomandosen'twanttocontinueherformerpapertopic.C)Becausethewomanhasfoundaninterstingjob.D)Becausethewomanshowedhimsomepicturesonherthesis.12.A)Itisimpossibletogetaraise.B)Thechancesdependonone'sperformance.C)Itishardtogetaraise.D)Therearemanyopportunitiesinthecompany.13.A)Hedosen'tunderstandwhat'sontheshow.B)Theroomisnotbigenoughfortheshow.C)Theshowistoodifficulttounderstand.D)Thereisnothingworthseeingthere.14.A)Hedidn'thaveanyclasstoday.B)Heusuallytalksinalowvoise.C)Henoticedthatthestudentsdidn'tdotheirhomeworks.D)Heusuallyassignshomeworks.15.A)Hewaspunishedbyhisboss.B)Hewaslaughedatduetohispoorservice.C)Hewascriticizedforbeinglate.D)Hewaspraisedforhishardwork.16.A)Tomakethewomanangry.B)Topleasetheman'smother.C)Becauseheistheman'sgoodfriend.D)Becauseheisgoodatmakingconversations.17.A)Hedosen'tlikecookies.B)Helikescookiesflavoredwithchocolate.C)Hedidn'teatallthecookies.D)Helikescookiesflavoredwithvanilla.18.A)Hehadfinishedhiswork.B)Hecametosurprisehiswife.C)Hecameforlunch.D)hecametofetchsomedocuments.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Aftermidnight.B)Aftershegoesswimming.C)Whenshe'sbored.D)Whenthereisagoodprogramon.20.A)HisTVwasbroken.B)Thefoodinthecafeteriawasawful.C)HemissedhisfavoriteTVprogram.D)Helosthismealtickets.21.A)Becausehewastedhistime.B)Becausehecouldn'tunderstandthewoman'sexplanation.C)Becausehewatchedonlyoneprogram.D)Becausehewassobored.22.A)Partofthebrainrequiresmorenutrients.B)Partofthebrainisnotusedatall.C)Ittakesthebrainmoretimetoprocessvisualinformation.D)Partofthebrainprocessescomplexinformationlessactively.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Canada.B)Europe.C)Ghana.D)America.24.A)BecausetheCSISprogramaskedthemto.B)Becausetheywantedtogosightseeing.C)Becausetheyneedtoworkthere.D)BecausethewholefamilysettledinEurope.25.A)Hedrankalotofbeerthere.B)HistripinEuropewaswonderful.C)HewastooyoungtoenjoythetripinEurope.D)Heremembersallthedetailsclearly.SectionBPassageOneQuestion26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Becausenobodyknewhisaddress.B)Becausenobodyknewhisage.C)BecauseRicard'sprivatelifewasasecret.D)BecauseRicardwasstillabachelorattheageof45.A)Hedidnotspendmoneyfreelythoughhehadalotofmoney.B)Hewasalwayswell-dressed.C)Hehadaluxuriouscar.D)Heworkedhardforaliving.28.A)Aphotograph.B)Aburglar.C)Areporter.D)Aprofessor.PassageTwoQuestion29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theycanmemorizelongpoemseasily.B)Theycanrememberlongstories.C)Theycanrememberalmosteverythingtheyhaveread.D)Theycanrememberthingstheyhavereadonlyonce.30.A)Becausetheyaretoosmalltounderstandtherules.B)Becausetheyareabsent-mindedC)Becausetheyhavesolittletimeforit.D)Becausetheyarenotinterestedinit.31.A)Becauseitcanhelpuslearnalanguage.B)Becauseitissomethingthatweallcarryaboutwithus.C)Becauseitcanrecordwhatwesee,feel,andsoon.D)Becauseitcantakerealpicturesofourexperiences.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Theworkersontheundergroundplatformswerereplacedbymachines.B)Itbecamethefirstcompletelyautomaticrailwayintheworld.C)Acompletelyautomaticlinewasaddedtoitsnetwork.D)Itstrainsbecamecomputer-controlled.A)Aplatformworker.B)Thecommandspot.C)Acomputer.D)Amachine.34.A)Drivingthetrainafteritisstartedautomatically.B)Startingthetrainanddrivingitwhennecessary.C)Takingcareofthepassengersonthetrain.D)Sendingsignalstothecommandspot.35.A)Itwillstopautomatically.B)Itwillmoveonatthesamespeed.C)Itwillgraduallyslowdown.D)Itwillkeepasafedistancefromtheothertrains.SectionCTheInternationalBaccalaureateOrganizationinSwitzerlandwasstartedin1968.Itsaysthegoalisto"createabetterandmorepeacefulworldthrough(36)________understandingandrespect."The(37)_______organizationsaysabouttwohundredthousandstudentsareinI.B.programs.Thefirstisthe(38)______YearsProgram.Thisisforchildrenagedthreetotwelve.Theybegintolearnabouttheideasofpeopleinotherpartsoftheworld.TheMiddleYearsProgramisforstudentsbetweentheagesofelevenandsixteen.Theystudylanguages,mathematicsandscienceaswellasarts,(39)_______andphysicaleducation.Thisprogramis(40)_______tohelpstudentsmakeconnectionsbetweenthedifferentareasofstudy.Theyarealso(41)______totakepartinlocalactivitiessotheycanbegoodcitizens.TheDiplomaProgramisforsixteentoeighteenyerolds.Itistwoyearsofstudytoprepareforcollegeoruniversity.Theystudylanguages,asocialscience,an(42)______science,mathematicsandthearts.Theymustpasssixexaminationstocompletetheprogram.StudentswhopassreceiveaspecialInternationalBaccalaureate(43)______.Itisacceptedbyuniversitiesaroundtheworld.(44)_____________________________________________________________________.TheInternationalBaccalaureateOrganizationsaysaboutthirtyuniversitiesofferfinancialaidtograduatesofitsprogram.(45)__________________________________________________________________.Lastmonth,aschoolinCroatiabegantooffertheMiddleYearsProgram.AndaschoolinthePhilippinesstartedtoteachtheDiplomaProgram.OthernationsthatofferI.B.ProgramsincludeBangladesh,Britain,China,India,Indonesia,Indonesia,Mozambique,VietnamandSpain.(46)________________________________________.Part3ReadingComprehension(readingindepth)20minPassageOneQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers–onedayitwillbe.47.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.48.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.49.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.50.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea51.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoIdon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.52.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain?A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.53.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.A)theveryfactthatsheisawomanB)herinvolvementingenderpoliticsC)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicistD)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety54.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.55.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.56.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.Part4Close15minEverysummer,manystudentstraveltoothercountrieslookingforworkandadventure.Mostofthe__57___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismand___58___.Thepayisusuallypoor,butmostpeopleworkabroadforthe___59____oftravel.YoucanpickgrapesinFrance,entertain(逗乐)kidsonAmericansummercamps,and,ofcourse,thereare___60___jobsinhotelsandrestaurants.Butitisnoteasynowtofindwork,”___61___youspeakthelauguageofthecountrywell,therewillbeveryfewopening,”saysAntheaEllis,anadviseron___62___forstudents.”IfyouworkwithafamilyinItaly,youwillhavetospeakItalian.WhenyouwashdishesinarestaurantinParis,theownerwillexpectyoutospeak___63____.Britishstudentsonlyhavealanguage___64_____forjobsintheUSAandAustralia.”___65____enjoystheexperience.SarahJameswasemployedtohelpfortyAmericanchildreninEurope.Thetwoteacherswiththechildrenhadneverbeen___66____.Onechildlosthispassport;anotherbecameseriouslyillandwas___67____home;thewholegroupwasthrownoutofonehotelbecauseofthe___68___theymade,andSarahherselfwasrobbedonheronly___69____eveningoftheentiretrip.“Ididvisitalotofnewplaces,”shesays,“butitwasn’tworthit.Thepaywas__70____anditreallywasa24-hour-a-dayjob.Thekidsneverslept!”“Thetroubleis,studentsexpecttohave__71____timeofit,”AntheaEllispointsout.“__72____,theyseeitasaholiday.Inpractice,__73____,youhavetoworkhard.Atthesametime,allvacationworkiscasual(临时)work.You’llhaveajobwhenthehotel,therestaurant,orthecampsiteisbusy.___74____,you’llworkifit’s