高考词汇阅读合集

高考英语上海卷词汇阅读合集2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accountB.adjustableC.appliancesD.captureE.decorationsF.direct

G.experimentH.intendedI.operatedJ.soullessK.squeezeGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmakesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto41theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Lessismore.ThissayingisassociatedwiththeGerman-bornarchitectMiesvanderRohe.InhisModernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary42.Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis43design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto44withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninkitchen45suchasovensandkettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntakesintoconsiderationaproduct'sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis46 .Forexample,thinkofa（n）47desklamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto48lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttakeinto49thesensorysideofournature一sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantas （理'性的）.Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasily50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheoryX.Theybelieve,53thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian（专制的）managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlikeauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making一allmembersofthedepartmentorworkgroupareaskedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57,Someexpertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.theAdelmans'programmeprovesbiasedastherolesofcharactersaremaximizedexecutivesfeelboredwithtoomanyspecificelementsofShakespeare9splaystheAdelmanswillmakemoreprofitsiftheyareprofessionalscholarsShakespearehasplayedanimportantroleinthemanagementfield77.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.Shakespeare'splays:ExecutivesreconsidercorporatecultureShakespeare9splays:AnessentialkeytobusinesssuccessShakespeare'splays:alessonforbusinessmotivationShakespeare'splays:Dramatictrainingbringsdramaticresults41-45.IBHDC 46-50. JAEGF51-55.ACBDC 56-60. CABBA 61-65.ADBDC66-69.CBCA 70-72. DCA 73-77. ABADD2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.alertB.classifyC.commitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose

G.labelsH.moderationI.relieveJ.signalsK.simplyLet*ssayyou*vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon*thavetimetocarefullyplanmenusformealsorreadfood_41_atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally_42—yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn'tit?Thisiswherea“choicearchitectncanhelp_43—someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmakedecisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket—includingwhichshelfthepeanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup-isachoicearchitect.Governmentsdon'thaveto_44—healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect-onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbest-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoosewith_45—hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-calledntrafficlightsystemnto—46—foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproductcontains_47—bylookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight—48—thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe_49—;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin_50—.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswefvejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple_51—.Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe52_dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho*sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult_53—situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural_54—,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalotaboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally_55—issues.Dunbar_56_thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocialdevelopmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeofpoeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar— 57—,hegoesontosay,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe_58—ofthehigherprimates(灵长类动物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming—cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor_59_fromoutsideit.Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar_60—thatatonetimeinourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe_61—itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.Groominghelpedto_62—thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe_63_tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore_64_kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguageevolvedasakindofvocalgroomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one_65—contact.51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language52.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally53.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural54.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters55.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult56.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens57.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult58.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behaviour59.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD.assistance60.A.recallsB.deniesC.concludesD.confesses61.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadershipD.protection62.A.measureB.showC.maintainD.ease63.A.savedB.extendedC.consumedD.gained64.A.commonB.efficientC.scientificD.thoughtful65.A.indirectB.dailyC.physicalD.secretDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan*ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvive.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexample,abirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredatorgetsclosetoitsnest,theploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthe"hurt"adult,leavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater,unburythefood,andburyitagainsomewhereelse.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchasbananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thearthem,andtheydon*tneedtosharetheirfood.Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusther,either.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby.A.gettingclosertoitsyoung B. drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernest D. pretendingtobeinjuredBy"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneakyn(paragraph5),theauthormeans.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothers B. chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinners D. chimpscanbeselfishtooWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie? B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie? D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?(B)Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.Here'showitworks:Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there*sacue,somethingthattellsyourbraintooperateautomatically.Thenthere'saroutine.Andfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesirethebehavior.It'swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown.Here'showtoapplyit:Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick,areward-say,apieceofchocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbecomeinterconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,youwon*tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcometoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.Whichisthewholepoint,right?WhichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwithainTHEHABITLOOP?A.Pickanewcue. B.Formanewhabit.C.Chooseanewreward. D.Designanewresolution.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffectivelyby.A.changingtheroutine B.tryingitforaweekC.adjustingyourgoal D.writingitdownWhatsthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.“ThisyearwhenIseetheHarryPotterposter,Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnoveloranEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour/'Whatisthecueinthisresolution?TheHarryPotterposter.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.AnEnglishnewspaper.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.(C)Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualrealitydevice.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman.uAsIlookeddown,Isawmywholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants/*shesaid.nThat'sthepictureIrememberbest.”Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronizedmovementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studieshaveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebiasthathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon'tlookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledtheImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeopleandadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinneddigitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants'biasscoreswerelower.Theideaisthatonceyou'venputyourselfinanother'sshoes"you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,becauseyourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult.nAttheendofbodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject.''It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone.nTheword^swapping1*(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.A.building B.exchanging C.controlling D.transplantingWecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperiencewecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodiesparticipantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperimentTheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexesIntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladarkskinneddigitalcharacter,.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracismtheyscoredloweronthetestforracismtheychangedtheirbehaviourdramaticallytheyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethemItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreamsourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperimentsvirtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeopleourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly51.C52.B53.A54.D55.A56.B57.C 58.D 59.A 60.C61.D62.D63.B64.B65.C66.D67.B 68.A 69.A 70.Contheirownwithout59managersfirst.Thisempowerment（授权）hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60thenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation（委托）muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternetworkonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireB.seekC.loseD.dislike52.A.contraryB.expectationC.degreeD.extreme53.A.viceversaB.forexampleC.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply57.A.agreementB.practiceC.electionD.impression58.A.bossyB.experiencedC.westernD.male59.A.askingB.trainingC.warningD.firing60.A.doublingB.maintainingC.reducingD.estimating61.A.honouredB.leftC.crowdedD.compared62.A.economicallyB.traditionallyC.inadequatelyD.occasionally63.A.denyB.admitC.assumeD.ensure64.A.virtualB.ineffectiveC.day-to-dayD.on-the-scene65.A.opinionB.riskC.performanceD.attractivenessDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathickbookcalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword“Poems”appearedinbig,hotpinkletters.“Isitgood?”Iaskedher.“YeahJsheanswered.uThere9soneIreallylikeandyou91!likeit,too791leanedforward.①散乱的②稳重③莽撞的④徒劳地①散乱的②稳重③莽撞的④徒劳地Justleavesthemscattered®wheretheylay,...Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.Thefinalonecamequickly:Whenshegrowsandgatherspoise®,IIImissherhanim-scarum®noise,Andlookinvain®forscatteredtoys.AndIIIbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshock."It'syou,honey/9Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent'saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the“she"inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.“What'swrong?”mymotherasked.“OhMama,"Icried."Idon'twanttogrowupever!^^Shesmiled."Honey,it'sokay.You9renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I'llstillloveyou,okay?"“Okay,“Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthinkingaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlikeasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,likeapuzzle.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomakeorbreakaperson'sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but"PattyPoem^^remainsmypoem.Afterall,“PattyPoem^^gavememylovefbrpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.WhywasthewriterattractedbythebookBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?Itwasathickenoughbook.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.Ithasameaningfultitle.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfeltatfirst.A.sadB.excitedC.horrifiedD.confusedThewriter'smotherlikedtoread“PattyPoem“probablybecause.itreflectedherownchildhooditwaswritteninsimplelanguageitwascomposedbyafamouspoetitgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappenItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat'TattyPoem^leadsthewriterto.discoverthepowerofpoetryrecognizeherloveforpuzzlesfindhereagernesstogrowupexperiencegreathomesickness（B）Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifference.In1997,theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth'schangingatmosphereandQ setinternationallimitsforgasemissionsfrom2008to2012.Somecountrieshave■1■decidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stuckbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.口七Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptothe\U1/initialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesIunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.人rcTomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionsItargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislands,worsedrought（干JJ旱）anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.（泗）Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriestheParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolhumanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarmingIfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.TheAgreemenfsminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaximumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe.(C)Enough"meaninglessdrivel”.That'sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUKgovernmentwhohavebeenexamininghowsocialmediafirmslikeLinkedlngatherandusesocialmediadata.TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee'sreport,releasedlastweek,hasblamedfirmsformakingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardorkitemark(认证标t己)toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.“Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone/9saysAndrewMiller,thechairofthecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain-Englishversionoftheirterms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbecheckedbyathirdpartyandawardedakitemarkifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme,buttheUKgovernmentislookingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis,“weneedtothinkthroughhowwemakethatworkinpractice/saysMiller.Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoakitemark?"Ithinkifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldliketothinktheywouldJsaysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,whostudiesopendata.“Wedoknowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation.Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.Otherorganisationssuchasbanksaskcustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew."Westilldon'tknowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatkidsputonsocialmediathatcomebackandbitethemin20years'timeJhesays.Shadbolt,whogaveevidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedon'tknowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays.Theshockandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon'texpect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn'tworking.Ifproperlyadministered,akitemarkontermsandconditionscouldhelppeopleknowwhatexactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem.Whatdoesthephrase"meaninglessdrivel“inparagraphs1and3referto?Legalcontractsthats