英国地理专题培训公开课一等奖市优质课赛课获奖课件

PartIGeography

ChapterI

ABriefIntroductiontoPhysicalGeographyBasicinformationDifferentNamesforBritain

A.Geographicalnames:GreatBritain,England,theBritishIsles.B.Theofficialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.C.SometimespeoplejustcallitBritain,theUnitedKingdomorsimplyUK.ChapterIFullName:TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(theU.K.)NationalFlagStGeorgeiswhitewitharedcross.

ThewhitecrossonabluebackgroundofStAndrewThereddiagonalcrossofStPatrick2TheUnionJack(theNationalFlag)ChapterIUnionJack—is

thenameofBritishnationalflag.Thecolorblueisthebackgroundanditselementarycolor.Thecrossesrefertotheunityofthisnationbymeansofreligion.

WalesisnotrepresentedintheUnionFlagbecausewhenthefirstversionoftheflagappearedWaleswasalreadyunitedwithEngland,buttheWelshflagisinwidespreadusethroughoutthatcountry.ThenationalflagofWalesChapterI

3.NationalMedal(Badge):

EnglandScotland(unicorn)Ireland(harp)

enterforanuclearshieldemblemdesign,thetopleftcornerandlowerontheshieldfortheredlion,thesymbolofthethreeonlyEngland;Forthefirsthalfofthetoprightcornergoldstand,thesymboloftheredlionScotland;Thebottomleftcornerofthegoldenharp,thesymbolofIreland.Shieldemblemoneachsideoftheheadbyawearcrowns,EnglandlionsandarepresentativeoftheScotlandunicornahold.ArmsaroundwritteninFrenchwithaquote,meaning"evilforevil";Hangingbelowthemedaloffinelace,topwrite"daywithgod,Ihavetheright".Shieldemblemonthetopisthesetwiththegoldsilverjewelryhelmet,andempirewearcrownsandheadofthecrownlion.

ChapterI

4.NationalFlower:rose

5.TheNationalDay:

ThursdayofthesecondweekinJune.6.Anthem:GodSavetheQueen

6.UKnationalsong(Anthem):

GodsavethequeenGodsaveourgraciousQueen,LongliveournobleQueen,GodsavetheQueen,Sendhervictorious

Happyandglorious

Longtoreignoverus,GodsavetheQueen.Thychoicestgiftsinstore,onherbepleasedtopour.Longmayshereign,mayshedefendourlaws,andgiveusevercause,tosingwithheartandvoice,GodsavetheQueen.

ChapterI

II.Location:NorthwesternEuropewestofNetherlands&Denmarktotalarea:244100squarekilometersIntheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEuropetheEnglishchannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast

northofFranceTotalAreasU.K.244100sq.kmEngland130400sq.Km.Scotland78800sq.km.Wales20800sq.km.NorthernIreland14100sq.km.III.Fourpoliticaldivisions:EnglandScotlandWalesNorthernIreland

1.England:southernportionofBritainthelargestpart(60%)mostimportantpartinwealth,size,andpopulationincludingLondon2.Scotland:

northernportionofBritain1801,theActofUniondifferentScottishlegalprocedureGaelicisspokeninsomeHighlands.capital:Edinburgh

3.NorthIreland:

6IrishcountiesIn1921othercountriesgotautonomy.population:Protestantmajority(English&Scottishorigin)andRomanCatholicminority(Celticorigin)capital:Belfast

4.Wales:

westpartItjoinedBritaininthe14thcentury.WelshisalsoSpoken.Capital:CardiffChapterIIVTopography14physiographic

provincesThenorthandwest---highlands.Theeastandsoutheast---lowlands

1.Scotland:threenaturalzonesA.ScottishHighlands:easttonortheast,intheNorth,mountainousBenNevis---thehighestmountain

Clyde---themostimportantriverNorthernIrelandfertile,drumlincounty(BelfastLoughandLoughNeagh)north:abroadplateau(Giant’sCauseway)ChapterIB.MidlandValley:centrallowlands,easttonortheast,lowerhills&rollingcountryC.SouthernUplands:broadroundedhills2.Wales:

mountainousnorthpart:hills&moorlandcentralpart:plateauforsheepandcattle

3.NorthernIreland:fertile,drumlin(鼓丘)countryandabroadplateauintheNorth

ChapterI4.England:PenninesThebackboneofEnglandLakeDistrictlowhillsuplandsplateaucultivatedplain

2.ClimatesFeaturesofclimateType:Amaritimeclimate,moderate,milderthanthatofmanyplacesinthesamelatitude.wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Temperatures:varieswithinasmallrange,rarelyfallingbelow-5℃inwinterorrisingabout24℃insummer

Rainfall:asteadyrainfallthroughthewholeyear.rainineverymonth.Annualrainfallrangesfrom26inches(67cm)intheeasternandsoutheasterndistrictstomorethan100inches(254cm)insomenortheasternmountainsareas.Surfacerunoff:considerableSunshinehoursarefewerthaninmoresouthernlyclimates-averagingbetween3and4hoursadayyear-roundandbetween4.5and6fromJunetoAugust.Thecalamities:Fog,smog,frostandseveregalesoftencausegreatdamagetocropsandpeople’slife.In1952thesulphurdioxideinthefour-dayLondonsmogleft4000peopledeadordying.TheunsteadyandchangeableweatherprovidesanunchangeabletopicofconversationmorningmiddayeveningTheReasons

whyitismild?BytheAtlanticGulfStream:whichisawarmcurrent,passedthewesterncoastofBritishislesandwarmthem.TheWesterlies:whichblowoverthecountryalltheyearroundandbringwarmandwetairfromtheAtlanticOcean.Seawaters:whichcanbalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatingupthelandinwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer.ChapterIVI.Rivers1.longest---theSevernRiver2.secondlargest---theThamesRiver

3.Features

Themainriversparting(河道分汊

)runfromnorthtosouth,keepingtothewestuntilthebasinoftheRiverSevernWestwardflowingstreamsattaintheAtlanticinrelativelyshortreaches.Theriversdrainingeastfromthemainwaterpartingarelonger.Somerungenerallyacrossimpermeablerocks,andtheirdischargesincreaserapidlyafterrain.TheriversflowingintoEnglishChannelaremainlyshort.RiversinBritaindonotfreezeinwinter.ThelargestlakeinBritainistheLoughNeagh(内伊湖)inNorthernIreland.ChapterIRiverSevernRiverSevernisthelargestriverinUK.(338km)TheRiverThamesReturnThesecondlargest(336km)(thelargestistheSevern)andthemostimportantriverinBritain.Itisfavorablefortransportation.TopicsfordiscussionWhyistheclimateofBritainmuchmilderthanthatofmanyplacesinthesamelatitude?Exercise1.Answerthefollowingquestions:(1)WhereistheU.K.?Andwhatisitmadeupof?What’sthetotalarea?(2)WhatarethepresentfeaturesoftheclimateofBritain?2.Explainthefollowingterms.(1)TheEnglishChannel(2)theActofUnionof1801ChapterIINaturalResources

Withinitssmallareas,theU.K.isrichincoal,iron,tin,copper,lead,andsilver.TheproximityofthesenaturalresourcestowatertransportationenabledthecountrytoplayacentralroleintheRevolution.Water:abundantsurfacewater;watersupply;undergroundsources.Fuels:thegreatcoalfieldsoftheworld;thediscoveryofoilintheNorthSea.MetalOres:Tinore,leadores,zincores,lead-zine.UsefulRocks:clays,limestone,hardrocks,sandandgravel.ChapterIIIEconomyBritainisfortunateinhavingastablepoliticalsituationandwell-developedeconomy.I.TheCharacteristicsoftheBritishEconomyTheworld’smostadvancedmanufacturingandtradingnations.ThefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrializedAgriculturedoesn’tproduceenoughfoodtomeetthecountry’sbasicneeds,vitalfoodstuffshastobeimported.Industryisoperatedbymanydifferenttypesoffirms.Laborforceisremarkablyhomogeneous.

II.IndustryBeforeWWII,theindustrialstructurewasbasedonexporttrade:cotton,wool,linen,shipbuilding,ironandsteelandchemicals.1.DifferentindustriesCoalmining:In1960s,fueleconomydiversified—coal,oil,naturalgas,atomicenergy,andcoalindustrywithered.Iron-oremining:declinedandironandsteelproducersdependonimportedoresforthreefourthsoftheirrequirements.Textiles:encountereddifficulties.Cottonindustryundergoneaseverecontraction;Woolindustryretainsasacraftindustryandmostproductionareinthehandsofsmall,specializedfirms.

d.Motorvehicles:majorenterprise,sincelate1940sbecamechiefexportingindustry,fourlargegroupsareaccountedfor97%oftheoutput.e.chemical:growfaster,oneofthemostcapital-intensive,thevalueofoutputpermanishigher,productionmostlyfromlargefirmsf.Ironandsteel:grewrapidlyafterwar,firstnationalizedin1974,thenreturnedtoprivateenterprisesandnationalizedagainin1967,nowwhollystate-ownedg.Shipbuilding:nolongerBritain’smajorindustry,remainedcraftindustrywithtraditionalmethodsofconstructionafterthelate1950’srapidlydeclined,

III.Agriculture10%Forestry10%Urban3%MountainsandOthers77%AgricultureLandUseinU.K.BritishagriculturalindustryisoneofthemostefficientinEurope;Britishfarmersproduceenoughfoodtosupplytwothirdsoftheneedsofapopulation.28.8%TotalCrops9.1%GrasslandUnder5YearsOld4.1%AllOtherLandIncludingBareFallow30.4%GrasslandOver5YearsOldTotalAgriculturalArea27.2%RoughGrazing28.1%Barley10%OtherCrops4.1%PeasandBeans40%WheatCrops8.9%OilseedRape3.9%SugarBeet4%HorticultureCropProductionDifferentbranchesA.Crops:70%animalproducts;30%cropsforpeoplea.Wheat:fromexportedtohalfimportedforloafb.Barley:Britain’smaincerealcrop,mainingredientofanimalfeedandbeer,exporttotheContinent

Livestock

CommercialProductionofmeatsandPoultryinBritainhasrisennotonlyinabsolutetermsbutalsoinproportiontorisingdomesticconsumption.Cattle,sheep,pigs,andPoultryaretheimportantindustries.IVTradeandFinance

ForeigntradeplaysanimportantroleintheBritisheconomy.Overseascommoditytradeaccountsforaboutonesixthofthecountry’snationalincome.TradinglinksconnectBritainwithallmajorpartsoftheworldandprovidenotonlyanaccesstthevitalfood-stuffsandrawmaterialthatBritainneedstosurvivebutalsothefinancialresourcesneededtobuythem.TradeImportsandExports:BritishmanufacturedExportsincreaseyearbyyear,butitsshareofworldmanufacturedexportsfallendramaticallysincethewar.ImportshavegrownfasterthanexportsInvisibleTrade:hasshownasubstantialsurplus.Theinflowofinterest,profits,anddividendshaskeptupbestServicesasawholehavedeclinedEarningsfromfinancialservicescontinuetobesignificant.Capitalinvestmentabroadincreases.FinanceA.TheBankofEnglandisthecentreofBritishfinancialsystem.Itwasfoundin1694andnationalizedin1946.Role:toprotectthegoldandcurrencyreserveandmaintaintheinternationalvalueofpound.Twofinancialpolicies:bankrateandfiscalpolicyB.Economicproblems:adversepaymentbalanceandinflationChapterIVThePeopleMixedraceImmigrationAgingChapterV.TheMainCities1.CitiesinEngland

Englandisahighlyurbanizedcountry.

London

TheCapitalcity,alsothelargest.Inthesouthofthecountry,andisdominantintheUnitedKingdominallsortsofways.Itisthepoliticalculturalandbusinesscenter,headquartersofthevastmajorityofBritain’sbigcompanies,ItisthefinancialcentersinUK,itisalsooneofthethreemajorinternationalfinancialcentersintheworld.(theothertwoareTokyoandNewYork)

ScenicSpotandHistoricalSite

BuckinghamPalaceNo.10downingstreet

Westminster

St.Paul'sCathedral

TheBritishMuseum

TrafalgarSquareBigBenTheLondonEyeTheTowerofLondonRoyalObservatoryGreenwichTheLondonEyeHydePark

Popularlyknownas"BuckHouse",servedasthemonarch'spermanentLondonresidenceonlysincetheaccessionofVictoria.Buckingham白金汉宫背面Changingofguard

monumentofQueenVictoria

No.10--thePrimeMinisterNo.11DowningStreet–theChancelloroftheExchequer

No.10downingstreetWestminsterAbbeyPoet'sCorneraregularplaceofworshipandthesettingofmanyRoyalcelebrationsandgrievances.Kingsandotherstatelyfiguresareburiedhere.

StPaul'sCathedralItsmosteye-catchingfeaturesisthishugespectaculardomeSt.Paul'sCathedralalsoknownasst.paul`schurchmuseum,locatedinLondon,England,inLondon,ThamesStreetandthenorthshoreNiugaiTeangleattheNewYorkmoneyKatStreet,representativeofBaroquearchitecture,withitsknownforthespectaculardome,istheworld‘ssecondlargestdomeofthechurch,whichmimicRome'sSt.Peter'sBasilica,istheUKrepresentativeofclassicalarchitecture.

Acomprehensivemuseum,theworld'slargestandoneofthemostfamousmuseum,foundedin1753.Mainentranceonbothsides,eachwitheightthickandhighRomanesquecolumns.BritishMuseumEgyptMuseum,GreekandRomanMuseum,MuseumofWesternAsia,Europe,theMiddleAgesMuseumandtheMuseumofOrientalArt.Amongthem,theEgyptianMuseum,Greco-RomanMuseumandthecollectionofOrientalartheritagemostcompellingproducts.Atpresentthemuseumhasacollectionofmorethan600millionpieces.ThesunneversetsfromaroundtheworlddenouncedtheEmpireseizedthetreasure,nowbroughttogetherheretoshowtheworld.Duetospacelimitations,therearestillalargenumberofcollectionsnotonpublicdisplay.Duringavisittothemuseum,inadditiontoenjoytheexhibits,wecanalsoenjoythemuseum'snewdesignandunique.

TheBritishMuseumTrafalgarSquare

It’sthesquareforthetallestChristmastreeinLondon

BigBen

BigBenisoneofLondon'sbest-knownlandmarks,andlooksmostspectacularatnightwhentheclockfacesareilluminated.Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.

Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.Minutelyregulatedwithastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.

ThenameBigBenactuallyrefersnottotheclock-toweritself,buttothethirteentonbellhungwithin.Thebellwasnamedafterthefirstcommissionerofworks,SirBenjaminHall.TheTower,withTowerBridge

TowerBridge,London,UKThamesEstuaryfromthedateofthefirstbridge(ontheRiverThamestobuildthebridge15),isasymbolofLondon,the"Londonmainentrance,"said.Thebridgewasbuiltin1886,June30,1894opentothepublic,willconnecttheNorthLondonSouthasawhole.RoyalObservatoryGreenwichTheLondonEyeNexttoCountyHallOneofthemostmodernLandmark.Theworld’sfourthbiggestFerriswheelCancarry800passengersatatimeonathirty-minuteridePromisesviewofupto25milesHYDEPARK

OneofthelargestparksincentralLondon,EnglandandoneoftheRoyalParksofLondon,famousforitsSpeakers'CornerCovers142hectaresor350acres.BirminghamThesecondlargestcityinEngland.Ametropolitandistrictandanindustrialandmanufacturingcity.(pop.977087)(2023)IntheWestMidlands.ThemarketcentreoftheBlackCountry.Famousformetalgoods,hardware,cars,electricalequipment,machinetools,jewellery,smallarmsandplasticsTheUniversityofBirminghamissituatedhere.RoverLiverpoolThesecondlargestport(pop.439473)(2023)AmetropolitandistrictwithCitystatusinMerseysideontheMerseyestuaryItsindustriesareshipbuilding,engineering,foodprocessingandsugarrefiningTheUniversityofLiverpool(1903)ManchesterAnindustrialandcommercialcentre(pop.392819)(2023).AmetropolitandistrictwithCitystatusinGreaterManchester,England,connectedwiththeMerseyestuaryandseabytheManchesterShipcanal(57km.Long,openedin1894)Productsaremachinery,aircraft,cottontextiles,clothing,paper,foodstuffandchemicals.TheUniversityofManchester(1880)ManchesterOneofthemostdynamiccity

TwoPremierLeaguefootballteams：ManchesterUnitedandManchesterCity.

DavidBeckhamTheScots--inventive,hardworking,serious-mindedandcautiouswithmoney.ThemostruggedpartoftheU.K.ThelargestcityisGlasgow.ItscapitalcityisEdinburgh,well-knownforitsbeautifulscenery.particularstyleofspeechandaccenteg:Francewaitbuslove2CitiesinScotlandEdinburghThecapital(pop.449020)(2023)ofScotlandBuildaroundtherockyridgeonwhichitsfortifiescastlestands.Itsadjoiningport,Leith,liesonthesouthshoreoftheFirthofForth.Industriesarebanking,insurance,printing,publishing,shipbuilding,chemicals,distillingandbrewing.GlasgowOntheRiverClydeAmanufacturingandshippingcentre.Productsareironandsteel,machinery,chemicals,textileandclothing.TheUniversityofGlasgow(1450)StrathclydeUniversity(1964)UniversityofGlasgowCitiesinWales

ThesmallestoneontheBritishmainlandThecapital:CardiffAport(pop.305353)(2023)anddistrictinS.Glamorgan,ontheRiverTaff.Industriesareshipping(theBristolChannel),ironandsteel.UniversityCollege,Cardiff(1863),partoftheUniversityofWales.CardiffCardiffCastle

CardiffUniversity4CitiesinNorthernIrelandThecapitalofNorthernIrelandSeaportIndustriesareshipbuildingandlinen.QueensUniversityofBelfastTheUniversityofUlster.BelfastAGiant'sCausewayAWorldHeritageSitebyUNESCOin1986,andaNationalNatureReservein1987bytheDepartmentoftheEnvironmentforNorthernIreland.namedasthefourthgreatestnaturalwonderintheUnitedKingdom.Thetopsofthecolumnsformsteppingstonesthatleadfromtheclifffootanddisappearunderthesea.Mostofthecolumnsarehexagonal,althoughtherearealsosomewi