(全)高考英语语法真题详解-形容词和副词

高考英语语法真题详解-形容词和副词[感悟高考]单句语法填空/单句改错1．Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks________(regular)．(2016·全国Ⅱ，67)2．Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(识别)thoseof________(great)andlessimportance.(2016·全国Ⅱ，61)3．Fromtomorrow，IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(2016·全国Ⅰ，63)4．Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ，46)5．Theteenageyearsfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)6．Atonetime，Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.(2016·全国Ⅲ，短文改错)答案1.regularly2.greater3.officially4.gradually5.worse→worst6.freely→free[考点清单]考点一形容词、副词的同级比较规则❶“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”与“not＋as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同/不同。Tomis

asexcellentas

Johnintheabilityofdealingwithsuchcases.在处理这类案件上，汤姆和约翰的能力是一样优秀的。Hedoesn'trun

so/asfastas

hisyoungerbrother.他没有他弟弟跑得快。规则❷“as＋形容词原级＋as＋具体数字”表示“高/深/多……达……”。Thetemperaturehereis

ashighas

39℃.这里的气温高达39摄氏度。考点二形容词、副词的比较级规则❶比较级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good，wellbetterbestbad，illworseworstmany，muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest规则❷比较级＋than...“比……更”；less...than“不如……”。Thebookis

lessinterestingthan

thatone.这本书不如那本书有趣。规则❸the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”。Theharder

heworks，themoreprogress

hewillmake.他工作越努力，取得的进步就越大。规则❹the＋比较级＋of(the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。Ofthetwocameras，Iwouldprefer

thesmallerone，whichisveryeasyformetocarry.这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。考点三形容词、副词的最高级规则❶三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。表示范围的标志词有in，of，among等。Raymond'sparentswantedhimtohave

thebestpossibleeducation.雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。规则❷“oneof＋最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”表示“……中最……之一”。Thisis

oneofthemostimportantevents

inmodernhistory.这是现代历史上最重要的事件之一。规则❸“否定词语＋比较级”或“否定词语＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。Mr.Stevensonisgreattoworkfor—Ireallycouldn'taskfor

abetterboss.为斯蒂文森先生工作感觉非常好，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。考点四倍数表达法规则❶倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...Asiais

fourtimesaslargeas

Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。规则❷倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than...Thedictionaryisexactly

fivetimesmoreexpensivethan

thatone.这本字典恰好比那本贵五倍。规则❸倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋of...Thenewlybroadenedsquareis

fourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。考点五形容词(短语)作状语和副词作评论性状语规则❶形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随或结果，通常用来说明主语的情况，表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，但并不表示动作的方式。Hecametoschoolthismorning，veryupset.今天早晨他非常伤心地来到学校。规则❷连接副词和修饰整个句子作评论性状语的副词，通常位于句首。有时也用于句中或句尾。Thankfully，Imanagedtogetthroughthegameandthepainwasworthitintheend.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦都是值得的。[正误探究]1．【误】“Equalpayforequalwork”isaphrasebytheAmericanwomenwhofeeltheyare__fair__treatedbysociety.【正】“Equalpayforequalwork”isaphrasebytheAmericanwomenwhofeeltheyare__fairly__treatedbysociety.【探究】修饰动词、形容词作状语通常用副词。2．【误】Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold，soshestood__close__tohermother.【正】Itwasrainingheavily.LittleMaryfeltcold，soshestood__closely__tohermother.【探究】一般说来，与形容词同形的副词通常取字面上的意思，表示具体的含义；以-ly结尾的副词往往表示引申的意义或抽象意义，有时还带有一定的感情色彩。3．【误】Thisismy__the(the__my)__best__friend．【正】Thisismy__best__friend．【探究】形容词最高级前面必须加定冠词the，但当形容词最高级前面有物主代词修饰时，则不加the。[易错防范]易错点1形容词和副词的一些固定用法的误用—MustIturnoffthegasaftercooking?—Ofcourse.Youcanneverbe________carefulwiththat.误填more答案too[考查英语中固定句型“cannot/canneverbetoo...”。意为“越……越好”或“再……也不过分”，所以填too。句意：你越小心越好。]【点拨】too...to...结构是中学阶段一个很常用的结构，意为“太……而不能……”，是一个否定的结构。但在下面的情况下却表示肯定的含义：(1)当在该结构中的too或to前加上否定词not或never等时，该结构即为表示肯定含义的结构。cannot/cannever...too...to...为常见的用法，它可以与cannot/cannever...enoughto...结构进行转化。Whencrossingthestreet，youcanneverbetoocareful/carefulenough.你过马路时，越小心越好。(2)当too...to...结构中的副词too后接happy，ready，anxious，eager，glad，willing等形容词时，该结构表达的即为肯定的含义。Sheistoowillingtomarryhim.她很愿意嫁给他。(3)当too...to...结构中的副词too前面有all，but，only，quite等修饰时，该结构表达的也为肯定的含义。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.我很高兴帮助您。易错点2形容词作状语的误用Afterthelongjourney，thethreeofthemwentbackhome，hungryand________(tire)．误填tiring答案tired[句意：经过长途跋涉之后，他们三人回到了家，又累又饿。表示他们三人到家后所处的状态，故用形容词作状语，表示“人累”用tired。]【点拨】如果不是修饰谓语动词，而是说明主语所处的状态，这时用形容词而不是副词作状语。易错点3-ed和-ing形式的形容词混用ThestorythatIreadlastnightisvery________(interest)．误填interested答案interesting[表示故事本身的性质，用-ing形式的形容词。]【点拨】-ing形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性质或特征，常译为“令人……的”；修饰人时，则表示此人具有的性质或特征。-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰air(神态)，smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，appearance(容貌)，cry(哭声)，face(表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look(表情)，eye(眼神)等显示某人情感状况的名词。[针对训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive________possiblebeforelunch.(2016·全国Ⅱ，45)2．As________(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.3．Heownedafarm，whichlookedalmostabandoned.________(lucky)，healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.4．Finally，thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris________(clean)thanever.5．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand________(disappoint)．6．The________(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!7．Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome________(pain)．8．Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths________(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.9．Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforea________(good)oneisputforward，we'llmakedowithit.10．IthinkwatchingTVeveryeveningisawasteoftime—thereare________(meaningful)thingstodo.答案1.as2.natural3.Luckily4.cleaner5.disappointed6.harder7.painful8.earlier9.better10.moremeaningfulⅡ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)1．Hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.(2016·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)2．Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriouslyproblem.3．“Hownicetoseeyouagain！DadandIwereterribleworried.”4．Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass，Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.5．Soreallyfriendshipshouldbeabletostandallsortsoftests.6．Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld，soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.7．Ihadnoticedthatthecarriagewasnoiseandfilledwithpeople.8．Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviousspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.9．Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsonthebird.10．Don'tpanicorgetoutofline，andtrytoremainquietandcalmly.答案1.steady→steadily2.seriously→serious3.terrible→terribly4.easy→easily5.really→real6.better→best7.noise→noisy8.previous→previously9．immediate→immediately10.calmly→calmⅢ.语篇填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)Sometimeago，afriendofmine，whoworkedinapartofthecityIdidn'tknowvery__1__(good)，invitedmetocallonhim.IttookmehourstogetthereandItook__2__(greatly)troubletofindaproperspottoparkmycar.AsIwasalreadythree-quartersofanhourlate，Iparkedmycar__3__(quick)．Atnoon，justasI