美国文学期末复习题

-2014-1美国文学史及选读期末复习材料ⅠMultiplechoices1.WhichisnotconnectedwithThomasPaine?A.CommonSenseB.TheAmericanCrisisC.TheRightsofManD.TheAutobiography2.“Thesearethetimesthattrymen’ssouls”,thesewordswereoncereadtoWashington’stroopsanddidmuchtospurexcitementtofurtheractionwithhopeandconfidence.Whoistheauthorofthesewords?BenjaminFranklinB.ThomasPaineC.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashington3.AttheReasonandRevolutionPeriod,AmericanswereinfluencedbytheEuropeanmovementcalledthe______.A.ChartistMovementB.RomanticistMovementC.EnlightenmentMovementD.ModernistMovement4.InAmericanliterature,theEnlightenerswerefavorableto______.A.thecolonialorderB.religiousobscurantismC.thePuritantraditionD.thesecularliterature5.TheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericaroseinarmsagainsttheirparentcountryandtheContinentalCongressadopted______in1776.A.DeclarationofIndependenceB.theSugarActC.theStampActD.theMayflowerCompact6.______usuallywasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter.A.WilliamBradfordB.AnneBradstreetC.EmilyDickinsonD.CaptainJohnSmith7.AnneBradstreetwasaPuritanpoet.HerpoemsmadesuchastirinEnglandthatshebecameknownasthe“______”whoappearedinAmerica.A.NinthMuseB.TenthMuseC.BestMuseD.FirstMuse8.Whowasconsideredasthe“poetofAmericanRevolution”?A.AnneBradstreetB.EdwardTaylorC.MichaelWigglesworthD.PhilipFreneau9.In1817,thestatelypoemcalledThanatopsisintroducedthebestpoet______toappearinAmericauptothattime.A.EdwardTaylorB.PhilipFreneauC.WilliamCullenBryantD.EdgarAllenPoe10.ThefinestexampleofNathanielHawthorne’ssymbolismistherecreationofPuritanBostonin______.A.TheScarletLetterB.YoungGoodmanBrownC.TheMarbleFaunD.TheAmbitiousGuest11.“TheuniverseiscomposedofNatureandthesoul…Spiritispresenteverywhere”.ThisisthevoiceofthebookNaturewrittenbyEmerson,whichpushedAmericanRomanticismintoanewphase,thephaseofNewEngland______.A.RomanticismB.TranscendentalismC.NaturalismD.Symbolism12.WhichisgenerallyregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism?A.NatureB.WaldenC.OnBeautyD.Self-Reliance13.MarkTwaincreated,in_________,amasterpieceofAmericanrealismthatisalsooneofthegreatbooksofworldliterature.A.TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinnB.TheAdventureofTomSawyerC.TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburgD.TheGildedAge14._________markstheclimaxofMarkTwain’sliterarycreativity.A.TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinnB.TheGildedAgeC.LifeontheMississippiD.TheAdventureofTomSawyer15.ChoosethenovelwhichisnotwrittenbyHenryJames.A.TheAmbassadorsB.TheWingsoftheDoveC.TheBostoniansD.TheMysteriousStranger16.Generallyspeaking,allthosewriterswithanaturalisticapproachtohumanrealitytendtobe_________.A.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists17.EzraPound’slongpoem_________containedmorethanonehundredpoemslooselyconnected.A.TheWasteLandB.TheCantosC.DonJuanD.QueenMab18.T.S.Eliot’sfirstmajorpoem_________(1917),hasbeencalledthefirstmasterpieceofmodernisminEnglish.A.TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrockB.TheWasteLandC.FourQuartetsD.Preludes19.ErnestHemingwaywasbadlywoundedinItalyandsenttoahospitalwherehefellinlovewithanurse.Thesetwopersonslaterbecamethecharactersofhisnovel_________.A.TheOldManandtheSeaB.ForWhomtheBellTollsC.TheSunAlsoRisesD.AFarewelltoArms20.InWilliamFaulkner’sTheSoundandtheFury,heusedatechniquecalled_________,inwhichthewholestorywastoldthroughthethoughtsofonecharacter.A.streamofconsciousnessB.imagismC.symbolismD.naturalism21.LedbyNathanielHawthorne,RalphWaldoEmersonand______,therearoseakindofteachingsoftranscendentalismintheearlynineteenthcentury.HermanMelvilleB.HenryDavidThoreauC.MarkTwainD.TheodoreDreiser22.ANew______hadappearedinEnglandinthelastyearsoftheeighteenthcentury.ItspreadtocontinentalEuropeandthencametoAmericaearlyinthenineteenthcentury.A.realismB.criticalrealismC.romanticismD.naturalism23.FromHenryDavidThoreau’sjailexperience,camehisfamousessay,______whichstatesThoreau’sbeliefthatnomanshouldviolatehisconscienceatthecommandofagovernment.A.WaldenB.NatureC.CivilDisobedienceD.CommonSense24.MarkTwain,oneofthegreatest19thcenturyAmericanwriters,iswellknownforhis_________.A.internationalthemeB.waste-landimageryC.localcolorD.symbolism25.HermanMelville’s______isanencyclopediaofeverything:history,philosophyreligion,etc.inadditiontoadetailedaccountoftheoperationsofthewhalingindustry.A.TheOldManandtheSeaB.MobyDickC.WhiteJacketC.BillyBudd26.Theship“______”carriedaboutonehundredPilgrimsandtook66daystobeatitswayacrosstheAtlantic.InDecemberof1620,itputthePilgrimsashoreatPlymouth,Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.MayflowerD.Pequod27.From1733to1758,BenjaminFranklinwroteandpublishedhisfamous______,anannualcollectionofproverbs.A.TheAutobiographyB.PoorRichard’sAlmanacC.CommonSenseD.TheGeneralMagazineWilliamDeanHowellscalledforthetreatmentofthe“smilingaspectsoflife”asbeingthemore“American.”Thenaturalistsemphasizedthattheworldwasamoral,thatmenandwomenhadnofreewill,thattheirliveswerecontrolledbyheredityandtheenvironment.ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalledfreeverse.O·Henry’sstoriesareusuallyshortandinteresting;Famousfortheirsurprisingend.HenryJamesisfamousforhisinternationalthemeofthetraditionlessAmericanconfrontingthecomplexityofEuropeanlife.JackLondonbelievedintheinevitabletriumphofthestrongestindividuals.Dreiser’sgreatestandmostsuccessfulnovel,AnAmericanTragedy,isaboutayoungmanwhoactsasiftheonlywayhecanbetrulyfulfilledisbyacquiringwealth—throughmarriageifnecessary.Writersofthefirstpostwareraself-consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywerea“LostGeneration,”devoidoffaithandalienatedfromacivilization.WallaceStevens’workisprimarilymotivatedbythebeliefthat“ideasoforder”.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises,HemingwaybecamethespokesmanforwhatGertrudeSteinhadcalled“alostgeneration.”ⅢDecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse(T/F).1.JohnWinthrop’sreportsofexploration,publishedintheearly1600s,havebeenregardedasthefirstdistinctAmericanliteraturewritteninEnglish.2.In1612,WilliamBradfordpublishedinEnglandabookcalledAMapofVirginia;Withadescriptionofthecountry.3.PhilipFreneauwasneoclassicalbytrainingandtasteyetromanticinessentialspirit.4.RalphWaldoEmersonwasrecognizedastheleaderoftranscendentalistmovement,buthealwaysappliedtheterm“Transcendentalist”tohimselfortohisbeliefsandideas.5.ToNathanielHawthorneandHermanMelville,thetellingofatalewasawayofinquiringintothemeaningoflife.6.WaltWhitmanwasattackedinhislifetimeforhisoffensivesubjectmatterofsexualityandforhisconventionalstyle.7.TomSawyerwalkedoutofTwain’spagesdirectlyfromhisfreshmemoryofhisboyhoodinthewest.8.HurstwoodisacharacterinTheodoreDreiser’sSisterCarrie.9.Inthedecadeofthe1910s,Americanliteratureachievedanewdiversityandreacheditsgreatestheights.10.EdwinArlingtonRobinsonbeganhiscareerasanovalistinbleaknessandpoverty.11.ThegreatestofAmerica’srealists,suchasHenryJamesandMarkTwain,movedwellbeyondasuperficialportrayalofnineteenth-centuryAmerica.12.HenryJameswasarealistinthesamewayasoneviewstherealismofMarkTwainorWilliamDeanHowells.13.SisterCarrieisgenerallyregardedasTheodoreDreiser’smasterpiece.14.Generallyspeaking,JackLondonwasmuchmoreinterestedinideasthanStephenCraneandlesssentimentalthanFrankNorris.15.RalphWaldoEmerson’sprosestylewassometimesashighlyindividualashispoetry.16.Americanliteratureistheoldestofallnationalliterature.17.Georgia,Carolina,Virginia,Maryland,NewYork,NewEngland,allwerenamedafterFrenchmonarchsandlands.18.BenjaminFranklinwasaprosestylistwhosewritingreflectedtheneoclassicidealsofclarity,restraint,simplicityandbalance.19.TheFalloftheHouseofUsherisoneofEdgarAllanPoe’spoems.20.TheScarletLetterissetintheseventeenthcentury.ItisanelaborationofafactwhichtheauthortookoutofthelifeofthePuritanpast.21.WaltWhitmanwassogreatthathewonrespectandloveduringhislifetimeforhisLeavesofGrass.22.ManyofO.Henry’sstoriescontainalotofslangandcolloquialexpressions,justlikehisownspeech.23.HenryJameswasarealistinthesamewayasoneviewstherealismofMarkTwainorWilliamDeanHowells.24.RobertFrostrejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries,andchose“theold-fashionedwaytobenew”instead.25.JohnSteinbeck’sthemewasusuallythatsimplehumanvirtuessuchaskindnessandfairtreatmentwerefarsuperiortoofficialhard-heartedness,orthedehumanizingcrueltyofexploitersfortheirowncommercialadvantage.26.TranscendentalistsspokeforculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.27.WashingtonIrvingwasthefirstgreatbelletrist,writingalwaysforpleasure,andtoproducepleasure.28.JamesFennimoreCooperlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories:theseaadventuretaleandthefrontiersaga.29.PuritaninfluenceoverAmericanRomanticismwasconspicuouslynoticeable.30.“YoungGoodmanBrown”seemstoproveeveryonepossessessomeevilsecrets1-5FFTFT6-10FTTFF11-15TFFTT16-20FFTFT21-25FFFTT26-30TTTTTⅣAnswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1.Thesearethetimesthattrymen’ssouls:Thesummersoldierandthesunshinepatriotwillinthiscrisisshrinkfromtheserviceoftheircountry;buthethatstandsitnow,deservestheloveandthanksofmanandwoman.Tyranny,likehell,isnoteasilyconquered;yetwehavethisconsolationwithus,thatthehardertheconflict,themoregloriousthetriumph.Whatweobtaintoocheap,weesteemtoolightly—Thisdearnessonlythatgiveseverythingitsvalue.Heavenknowshowtoputaproperpriceuponitsgoods.Questions:(1)Whichbookisthispassagetakenfrom?(2)Whoistheauthorofthisbook?(3)Whomistheauthorpraising?Whomistheauthorcriticizing?(4)Whatdoyouthinkofthelanguage?Answers:(1)TheAmericanCrisis.(2)ThomasPaine(3)Paineispraisingthosewhostand“it”,itreferringto“theserviceoftheircountry”.Inthemeantime,Paineiscriticizingthosewhoshrinkfromtheserviceoftheircountryinthiscrisis.(4)Thelanguageisplain,impressiveandforceful.Painehimselfoncesaidthathispurposeasawriterwastouseplainlanguagetomakethosewhocanscarcelyreadunderstandandtofitthepowersofthinkingandtheturnoflanguagetothesubject,soastobringoutaclearconclusionthatshallhitthepointinquestionandnothingelse.2.ItwasnotverylongafterspeakingtheGoneythatanotherhomeward-boundwhaleman,theTown-Ho,wasencountered.ShewasmannedalmostwhollybyPolynesians.IntheshortgamthatensuedshegaveusstrongnewsofMobyDick.TosomethegeneralinterestintheWhiteWhalewasnowwidlyheightenedbycircumstanceoftheTown-Ho’sstory,whichseemedobscurelytoinvolvewiththewhaleacertainwondrous,invertedvisitationofoneofthosesocalledjudgmentsofGodwhichattimesaresaidtoovertakesomemen.Thislattercircumstance,withitsownparticularaccompaniments,formingwhatmaybecalledthesecretpartofthetragedyabouttobenarrated,neverreachedtheearsofCaptainAhaborhismates…Nevertheless,sopotentandinfluencedidthisthinghaveonthoseseameninthePequodwhocametothefullknowledgeofit,andbysuchastrangedelicacy,tocallitso,weretheygovernedinthismatter,thattheykeptthesecretamongthemselvessothatitnevertranspiredabaftthePequod’smain-mast.Interweavinginitsproperplacethisdarkerthreadwiththestoryaspubliclynarratedontheship,thewholeofthisstrangeaffairInowproceedtoputonlastingrecord.Questions:(1)Fromwhichnovelisthisparagraphtaken?(2)Whatisthenameofthenovelist?(3)WhoisAhab?(4)WhatisPequod?(5)Whatisthethemeofthenovel?Answers:(1)MobyDick(2)HermanMelville(3)Thecaptainofthewhalingship(4)Thenameofthewhalingship(5)TherebelliousstruggleofCaptainAhabagainsttheoverwhelming,mysteriousvastnessoftheuniverseanditsawesomesometimesmercilessforces.3.Whenagirlleavesherhomeateighteen,shedoesoneoftwothings.Eithershefallsintosavinghandsandbecomesbetter,orsherapidlyassumesthecosmopolitanstandardofvirtueandbecomesworse.Ofanintermediatebalance,underthecircumstances,thereisnopossibility.Thecityhasitscunningwiles,nolessthantheinfinitelysmallerandmorehumantemper.Therearelargeforceswhichallurewithallthesoulfulnessofexpressionpossibleinthemostculturedhuman.Thegleamofathousandlightsisoftenaseffectiveasthepersuasivelightinawooingandfascinatingeye.Halftheundoingoftheunsophisticatedandnaturalmindisaccomplishedbyforceswhollysuperhuman.Ablareofsound,aroaroflife,avastarrayofhumanhives,appealtotheastonishedsensesinequivocalterms.Withoutacounselorathandtowhispercautiousinterpretations,whatfalsehoodsmaynotthesethingsbreatheintotheunguardedear!Unrecognizedforwhattheyare,theirbeauty,likemusic,toooftenrelaxes,thenweakensthenpervertsthesimplerhumanperceptions.Questions:(1)Fromwhichnovelisthisparagraphtaken?(2)Whoistheauthorofthisnovel?(3)Howdoyouunderstand“thecosmopolitanstandardofvirtue”?(4)Isthereanynaturalisttendencyinthispassage?Answers:(1)SisterCarrie(2)TheodoreDreiser(3)“Thecosmopolitanstandardofvirtue”issomethingthatmakesapersonbecomelowinvirtueandbecomeworse.(4)Yes.4.BrieflydiscussthenovelTheGreatGatsbyTheGreatGatsby,anovelwrittenbyF.ScottFitzgerald,isoneofthegreatestnovelsinAmericanliterature.Itfullyexploresthedisillusionmentanddespairofthelostgenerationthroughthepersonaltragedyofayoungmanwhose“incorruptibleDream”iseasilysmashedintopiecesbythecrudereality.Theprotagonist,Gatsby,isamythicalfigurewhoseintensityofdreampartakesofastateofmindthatembodiesAmericanitself.HisfailuremagnifiestheendoftheAmericanDream.Thestyleofthestoryisexplicitandchilly.Fitzgerald’saccuratedialogues,hiscarefulobservationofmannerismandthecolorfulimagesprovidethereaderwithavividandprofoundsceneofthereality.5.WhatarethethreemainprinciplesthatEzraPoundendorsed?Directlytreatpoeticsubjects.Eliminatemerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords.Rhythmicalcompositioninthesequenceofthemusicalphraseratherthaninthesequenceofmetronome.TellthedifferencesbetweenEmilyDickinsonandWaltWhitmanEmilyDickinsonexpressestheinnerlifeofindividuals,whileWaltWhitmankeepshiseyesonthesocietyatlarge.EmilyDickinsonis“regional”,whileWaltWhitmanis“national”inhisoutlook.Formally,EmilyDickinsonusesconcise,simpledictionsandsyntax,whileWaltWhitmanusesendless,all-inclusivecatalogs.ⅤEssayWriting(这个部分给大家的答案只是罗列了回答的要点，要将其连缀成文，如果简单按复习题给的答案罗列，只得一半分数)1.WriteashortessayaboutthenovelTheGrapesofWrathWriter:JohnSteinbeckwonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962;spokefortheoppressedandsufferedBackgroundinformation:(1)Oklahomausedtobeamajoragriculturalstate.Inthe1930s,adraughtruinedthisplace.Peoplehadtoleaveheretoseekawayout.ManyofthemwenttoCaliforniainhopeoffindingjobstheretosupporttheirfamily.(2)TheGreatDepression.Meaningoftitle:(1)Hopetodespair;(2)Wrathofpeople;(3)Indicationsofrevolution.Theme:(1)Embodyingthemassmiseryoffarmers;(2)Praisingthespiritofloveandunity;(3)Advocatingfightandstruggleforbetterlife.Structure:(1)Itsstructureisdictatedbythebible;(2)Therearetwoblocksofmaterial:a.thewestwardtrekoftheJoads;b.thedepressedOklahomans,andthegeneralpictureoftheGreatDepression.Symbols:(1)dustevilforces;(2)grapeshope→rage2.WriteashortessayaboutthenovelAFarewelltoArmsWriter:Hemingway(1)in1954,hewasawardedtheNobelPrize;(2)Mainworks:TheSunalsoRises,AFarewelltoArms,ForWhomtheBellTolls,TheoldManandtheSea.(3)Hismajorcontribution:a.Codeherograceunderpressure;b.IcebergTheoryeconomyofexpression;(4)thelostgenerationBackgroundinformation:WorldWarⅡTheme:showsthefilth,meaningless,calamityofwar;thedeath,thenothingnessoflife;thedisillusionmentwithfuture,hopeandlove,happiness.Theuniverseisindifferent.ThereisnoGodtowatchoverman.Characters:Hen