考研英语阅读理解电子教材

考研英语阅读理解电子教材

主讲：范猛

阅读理解全真试题(1994—2004年)

Unitl

Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,

market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproduced

byspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywant

most.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesin

competitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitive

pressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,inthe

Americaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththe

desireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheir

incomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedto

produceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhich

consumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmerican

economy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesrise

andfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedby

sellerproducers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbe

bidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,

producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethe

supplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmore

consumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmerican

economicsystem.

Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowed

toownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gain

controlovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesfbrsaleataprofit.Inthe

Americaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipof

productiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofa

productortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

51.InLine7,Para.1,"thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes"means

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes

52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.

[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

54.Thepassageismainlyabout.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

Passage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcredit

card.Theytheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,

acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableas

well.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossible

towithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbank

isopen.Formanyofusthe"cashlesssociety"isnotonthehorizon一it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemany

advantagesfbrsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyring

upsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andto

whom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsby

showingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorder

orreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecord

whichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnel

andstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferred

customersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersfbr

similarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproducts

toemphasizenow,whichtodevelopfbrthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeep

trackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocess

itself.

Numerousothercommericalenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,from

gasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicesto

consumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.

55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.

[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat.

[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

57.Thephrase,ringupsales”(Line2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans"”

[A]makeanorderofgoods

[B]recordsalesonacashregister

[C]callthesalesmanager

[D]keeptrackofthegoodsinstock

58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

Passage3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesame

age.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbe

adaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselves

describingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesour

attention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryofthe

playitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoften

thekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthe

fullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding一theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatare

passedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethe

strengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesoftheculture

itself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepast

threedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheir

specialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

"Allmenarecreatedequal.'1We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportant

meaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythis

country'sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomean

equalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren一

therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,

whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtheright

ofallchildren-disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthat

publicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsare

modifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothose

whocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

59.Inparagrah2.theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshow

that.

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthe

society

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildren

are

[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety

[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptional

children

60.Thereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthat

[A]theyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesociety

[B]theymightbecomeaburdenofthesociety

[C]theyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentials

[D]disabledchildrendeservespecialconsideration

61.Thispassagemainlydealswith.

[A]thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities

[B]thedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodemsociety

[C]thespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildren

[D]thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren

62.Fromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren

[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport

[B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountry

[C]wasclearlystatedbythecountry*sfounders

[D]willexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisions

Passage4

"Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe,llknowinvastdetailhow

cancercellsarise/*saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncancer.nBut,nhe

cautions,Hsomepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewill

rapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,

butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable.0

Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveat

leastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewill

be75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.

Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancer,and2

percentforcancerofthepancreas.

Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnot

easy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthat

oncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfrom

cosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremains

unknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,

becomescancerous.

Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmany

cancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers.

"Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,*1saysoncologistWilliam

Hayward,Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,

"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.'1

Theprospectsfbrcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.

"First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself,Second,wehave

todeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhichareal-ways

responsiblefbratleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,we

cancounteractitsaction.n

63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.

[A]predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecade

[B]indicatethattheprospectsfbrcuringcancerarebright

[C]provethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears

[D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconquered

64.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.

[A]therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients

[B]90percentofheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbeliving

[C]thesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancers

[D]therewon*tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatients

65.Oncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.

[A]thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthyperson

[B]whichremainunharmfillsolongastheyarenotactivated

[C]thatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcells

[D]whichnormalcellcan'tturnoff

66.Theword"dormant”inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.

[A]dead[B]ever-present[C]inactive[D]potential

Passage5

Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby"untaughtminds"tocomein

blindingflasherorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,as

legendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillin

thereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehe

madehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrial

anderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheir

shotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.

Theypointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakethemostshots

atthegoal——andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifference

betweeninnovatorsandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovators

workconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableor

otherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorssee

assolidpossibilities.

nCreativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtue

indoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendone/wroteRudolphFlesch,alanguage

authority.Thisaccountsforourreactionsoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplastic

garbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:nHowcome

nobodythoughtofthatbefore?11

Thecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.

Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.Facedwithgetting

fromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownand

apparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchfbralternatecourses,whichmay

proveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingevenif

theyleadtodeadends.

Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.

67.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby"untaughtminduinthefirstparagraph?

[A]Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.

[B]Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.

[C]Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.

[D]Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.

68.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?

[A]Thevarietyofideastheyhave.

[B]Theintelligencetheypossess.

[C]Thewaytheydealwithproblems.

[D]Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.

69.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.

[A]RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity

[B]thequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornew

waysofdoingthings

[C]thereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch'spointofview

[D]thequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresented

70.Thephrase"marchtoadifferentdrummer"(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhat

highlycreativeindividualsare.

[A]diligentinpursuingtheirgoals

[B]reluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthings

[C]devotedtotheprogressofscience

[D]concernedabouttheadvanceofsociety

Unit2

Passage1

MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itserves

directlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishinga

firmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.

Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.By

helpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforean

effectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:without

advertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyour

televisionlicencewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20per

centmore.

Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonable

valueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsof

Parliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproduct

thatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeoplefora

littlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythe

publichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseean

articleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatis

claimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.

Advertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyother

forceIcanthinkof.

ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawellknown

televisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesrather

thaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseeks

topersuade.

Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinfbrmation-andthatinitselfwouldbe

difficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourof

ashirtissubtlypersuasive-advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayany

attention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.

51.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.

[A]heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertising

[B]everybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsuming

[C]advertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelse

[D]itisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertising

52.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesof

advertising?

[A]Securinggreaterfame.

[B]Providingmorejobs.

[C]Enhancinglivingstandards.

[D]Reducingnewspapercost.

53.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis.

[A]verypreciseinpassinghisjudgementonadvertising

[B]interestedinnothingbutthebuyers1attention

[C]correctintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformation

[D]obviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertising

54.Intheauthor'sopinion,.

[A]advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformation

[B]advertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemover

[C]thereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer

[D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisement

Passage2

Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth;oneaproduct,theotherasaprocess.

Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcan

easilybeindentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhose

gradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguagealltheseareexamplesof

peoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfbrtheirefforts.

Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,

sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongthe

way.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,

theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.In

thisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencethe

world,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.

Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,

toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay"fail"atfirst.How

weseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Dowe

perceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandto

bemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe*reshyandindecisive?Thenour

senseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilwe

knowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renot

smartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassive

roleornottryatall.

Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandselfdoubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwe

aretochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsand

doubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrapped

insideashellofourownmaking.

55.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.

[A]hehasgivenuphissmokinghabit

[B]hehasmadegreateffortsinhiswork

[C]heiskeenonlearninganythingnew

[D]hehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourney

56.Intheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.

[A]succeedinclimbingupthesocialladder

[B]judgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievements

[C]facedifficultiesandtakeupchallenges

[D]aimhighandreachhisgoaleachtime

57.Whentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line2〜3,Para.3)heisreferringto

[A]anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworld

[B]anewwayoftakingrisks

[C]anewmethodofperceivingourselves

[D]anewsystemofadaptationtochange

58.Forpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept.

[A]curiosityaboutmorechances

[B]promptnessinself^adaptation

[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiences

[D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubts

Passage3

Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformational

needsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamily

members,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilyto

resolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvice

toacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.

Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarILAs

familiesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,their

extendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinfonnationiscutoff,andwithitthe

confidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyand

reliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsofliving

canbecutoffThus,thingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasual

communicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned.

Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.The

individualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygeneration,andthetaskof

findingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemis

complicated,time-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming.

Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentof

technologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreater

speedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakes

itpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachine-readablefiles,andtoprogram

computerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethe

sendingofmessagesviatelevision,radio,andveryshortly,electronicmailtobombard

peoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerof

communicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.Expertisecanbeshared

worldwidethroughteleconferencing,andproblemsindisputecanbesettledwithoutthe

participantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.

Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryof

information,thusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople.

Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexity,theneedforinformationisofgreatest

importance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccurate,reliableup-to-dateinfonnationtosolvethe

day-to-dayproblems,thecriticalproblemsoftheirbusiness,socialandfamilylife,will

surviveandsucceed,“Knowledgeispower*1maywellbethetruestsayingandaccessto

informationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople.

59.Theword"it”(Line4,Para.2)mostprobablyrefersto.

[A]thelackofstablecommunities

[B]thebreakdownofinformalinformationchannels

[C]theincreasedmobilityoffamilies

[D]thegrowingnumberofpeoplemovingfromplacetoplace

60.Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat.

[A]theyhavetolearnnewthingsconsciously

[B]theylacktheconfidenceofsecuringreliableandtrustworthyinformation

[C]theyhavedifficultyobtainingtheneededinformationreadily

[D]theycanhardlycarryoutcasualcommunicationswithanextendedfamily

61.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat.

[A]electronicmailwillsoonplayadominantroleintransmittingmessages

[B]itwillbecomemoredifficultforpeopletokeepsecretsinaninformationera

[C]peoplewillspendlesstimeholdingmeetingsorconferences

[D]eventswillbereportedonthespotmainlythroughsatellites

62.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]itisnecessarytoobtainasmuchknowledgeaspossible

[B]peopleshouldmakethebestuseoftheinformationaccessible

[C]weshouldrealizetheimportanceofaccumulatinginformation

[D]itisofvitalimportancetoacquireneededinformationefficiently

Passage4

Personalityistolargeextentinherent——A-type-parentsusuallybringaboutAtype

offspring.Buttheenvironmentmustalsohaveaprofoundeffect,sinceifcompetitionis

importanttotheparents,itislikelytobecomeamajorfactorinthelivesoftheirchildren.

OneplacewherechildrensoakupA-characteristicsisschool,whichis,byits