中考英语语法专项

名词学习目标1、能区分名词的种类2、掌握可数名词的复数变化规则3、掌握不可数名词的计量方法4、掌握名词所有格的构成及其用法5、掌握名词词义辨析

名词

一、中考考查重点名词的数名词所有格3.名词的词义辨析

小测试写出下列名词的复数形式

babynursewishfoxsheeptoothherowolfFrenchmanphotomouseGerman翻译下列短语一张纸一副眼镜

儿童节我爸爸的车

一张中国地图babiesnurseswishesfoxessheepteeth

heroesmicewolvesphotosGermansFrenchmenapieceofpaperapairofglassesChildren’sDaymyfather’scar

amapofChina名词{

专有名词（如：Tom，China,theGreatWall,Monday)

可数名词{普通名词{物质名词(如water,ice,beef)抽象名词(如:happiness,love)个体名词(如：teacher,book)集体名词(如：police,family)不可数名词{

名词的分类名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。专有名词1.表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao2.表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：

SundayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary4.表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay

中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay

西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）Father’sDayMother’sDay5.机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:

CCTVUNWTOUFOBBC

ITNBAVIP

flowerflowers找规律,总结规则watchesfactory-factoriesleaf--leavesNOUN.

情况

构成方法

读音

例词

一般情况

加“s”清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音后读/z/，t后读/ts/,d后/dz/,ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词后读

/iz/

*

dog–

dogs

*

book

–

books

*bed--beds

*student-students*face-faces*orange-oranges以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词

加“es”

读/iz/*box

–

boxes

*watch

–

watches

*bus-buses以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i加“es”

读/iz/*country–

countries

*factory–

factories注意：boy-boys以f、fe结尾的名词

变f、fe

为“ves”

读/vz/*knife

–

knives*leaf

–

leaves

特殊：roof-roofs

belief-beliefs要点考点聚焦找规律tomatoespotatoesheroesNOUN.英雄爱吃西红柿土豆。pianos以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/,potato,tomato,hero除外

*

piano

–

pianos*zoo

–

zoos

*radio--radios*

bamboo--bamboos

*

hero--heroes*

potato--potatoes

*tomato--tomatoeschild-childrenwoman-womensheep-sheepman-menNOUN.tooth-teethmouse-mice不规则变化

(1)单复数同形Chinese–Chinesefish–fishJapanese–Japanesesheep–sheep

(2)变元音字母oo为ee

tooth

–

teeth

foot–

feet

(3).变man为men

man

–

men

woman

–

women

policeman

–

policemen

Frenchman

–

Frenchmen

请区别：German(德国人)–

Germans(“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面)(4).其他形式

mouse-micechild-children可数名词可以被a,an,one,two以及

howmany,many，afew，few，any，lotsof,

alotof，

some等修饰

*Thisisan

Englishbook.*Thereare

afew

people

inthepark.*Howmany

knives

arethereinyourpencil-box?注意：1.常以复数形式出现的名词scissorsclothesshoessocks

trousersglassesgloveschopsticks

这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数

*Myclothes

are

newerthanyours.注意：2.复合名词前面的名词是man,woman变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。

*manteacher-*

boystudent-menteachersboystudents注意：3.“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而必须用单数形式。如：

*Sheisafive–year-oldgirl.1.Several_____aretalking

underthetree．Andtheyaretalkingabout______.

A．woman;children B．woman;childC．women;children2.Therearethree

inmyfamily.A.peopleB.personC.child3.Therearefive___inourfactory.

A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendriversCAD4.Inthepicturetherearemany______andtwo_______.

A.sheeps;knifesB.sheeps;knifeC.sheep;knives D.sheep;knife5.Therearefour_______andtwo_______inthegroup.A.Japanese，GermenB.Japaneses，GermenC.Japanese，GermanD.Japanese，GermansDC★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词，如：

1.drink---coffee,milk…2.food---rice,bread,meat,beef,tofu…3.sugar,salt,butter…4.weather---rain,snow,ice,wind…5.cotton,silk,wool,plastic…

6.chalk,time,space,music,air,money,health,homework,information,news,medicine,advice…1.不可数名词不能直接被a,an,one,two等修饰，常用howmuch,much,alittle,little,

alotof,lotsof,some,any，plentyof等修饰

*Theyhad

much

money.

*Hedoes

little

houseworkathome.*arice

(X)

twobread

(X)

2.可数名词和不可数名词都可以用数词/冠词+量词+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变

*abagof

apples

*apieceofpaper*threeglassesoforange巩固练习:(1)一杯茶（2）一块冰（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶橘汁acupofteaApieceoficeapieceoficetwokilosofmeatfivebottlesoforange

3.单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数

*Somebread

is

overthere.

*Nonews

is

goodnews.

4.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意思不同

glass(玻璃)–aglass(玻璃杯)work(工作)–awork(著作)time(时间)–times(次数)chicken(鸡肉)–achicken(小鸡)fish(鱼肉

)-afish(鱼)room(空间)-aroom(房间

)paper(纸

)-apaper(报纸、文件

)wood(木头)-awood(

树林

)experience(经验

)-anexperience(经历

)

1.Pleasegiveme______paper.

A.oneB.apieces C.apiece D.apieceof2.Thistableismadeof_______.A.manyglassB.someglassesC.glassesD.glass3.—WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?—I'dliketwo_________.A.bottleofmilkB.bottlesofmilksC.bottlesofmilkD.bottleofmilks4.Wecandotheworkbetterwith______moneyand________people.A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few

DDCA主谓一致当class,family,team,group,public,police等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，谓语动词就用复数。e.gTheclassare

waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____ratherbig.Tom’sfamily______filmfans.is

are2.news,maths,physics,politics表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。e.gThenewsmakesherveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.

is名词所有格表示名词间的所有关系“…的”，一种是’s所有格，另一种是of所有格名词所有格的构成方法：

1.一般情况下，在有生命的单数名词后加“’s”

2.以s结尾的有生命的复数名词,则在s后加“’”即可

*Kangkang’sfather*Lucy’sbook*

teachers’office*theGreens’house

3.不以s结尾的有生命的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’s”

4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语

*Children’sDay*men’sshoes*thecolorofthewall*apictureofthe

classroom5.表示几个人共同所有，在最后一个名词后加’s6.表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词后加’s

Jenny’sandHelen’sroomsJennyandHelen’sroom7.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生命的东西，也可以加’s构成所有格2小时路程twohours’walk=two-hourwalk北京最好的公园Beijing’sbestpark今日的报纸today’snewspaper

atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatatailor’s=atatailor’sshop8.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词9.双重所有格即用of+’s或of+名词性物主代词如：abookofmydaughter’s我女儿的一本书我其中的一个朋友afriendofmine1.June1stis____Day.AlltheChildrenenjoyitverymuch.A.ChildrenB.Childrens’C.Children’sD.Child2.Thetwobedroomsarethe____.A.twinsB.twin’sC.twins’D.twinsCC3.Lucyis____sister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary’sandJack’sC.MaryandJacksD.MaryandJack’s4.It’s____fromourschooltomyhome.A.tenminutes’walkB.tenminute’swalkC.tenminutewalkD.tenminuteswalkDA5.---WhereisTom?---Hehasgonetothe_____.A.teacherB.teachersC.teacher’sD.teachers’D1.voicesoundnoise2.suggestionadvice3.workjobvoice意为“嗓音”，指人说话的声音、唱歌的声音，有时也指鸟叫sound泛指自然界中所有的声音noise指令人感到厌烦的声音，尤指人或动物的喧闹声、噪音suggestion可数名词，advice不可数名词work不可数名词，指体力和脑力劳动job可数名词，指具体的职业或零工近义名词词义辨析同根词词义辨析1.health(n.)healthy(adj.)healthily(adv.)2.safety(n)safe(adj.)safely(adv.)3.luck(n.)lucky(adj.)luckily(adv.)4.difference(n.)different(adj.)differently(adv.)care(n.)careful(adj.)/careless(adj.)carefully(adv.)/carelessly(adv.)danger(n.)dangerous(adj.)wonder(n.)wonderful(adj.)fun(n.)funny(adj.)hope(n.)hopeful(adj.)hopeless(adj.)help(n.)helpful(adj.)helpless(adj.)use(n.)useful(adj.)useless(adj.)interest(n.)interesting(adj.)interested(adj.)surprise(n.)surprising(adj.)surprised(adj.)success(n.)successful(adj.)successfully(adv.)1.---Howfarisyourcousin’shomefromhere?---It’sabouttwo______drive.A.hour’sB.hoursC.hours’D.hour2.YaoMingdidagoodjobinthebasketballmatchyesterday.Heismyfavorite______worker B.teacher C.dancer D.player3.Themodelplanewasmadebya____boy.A.ten-years-oldB.ten-year-olderC.ten-year-oldD.ten-yearoldCDC重难点突破4.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A．manB.menC.womanD.women5.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave6.-Whatwoul